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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-energy ion beam-assisted deposition of giant magnetoresistive thin films : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4939-4941 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Granular and multilayer Co-Ag and NiFe-Ag thin films have been prepared by magnetron sputtering and by concurrent low-energy (0–500 eV) ion radiation-assisted deposition. The ion beam bombardment slightly increased the giant magnetoresistance of granular films and then progressively decreased it. X-ray data revealed a change in the crystalline structure of these films, dependent on the energy of the beam. Examination using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) also highlighted differences between the as-sputtered and the ion beam-assisted films. For multilayer films, TEM and x-ray analysis shows changes in the interfacial and crystal structure induced by the ion beam. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361595
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission electron microscopy of Terfenol-D crystals : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4650-4652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic domain and microstructure observations are presented from samples of pseudo-single-crystal Terfenol-D examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This ternary alloy is of significant technological interest since it exhibits the highest known magnetostriction to anisotropy ratio near room temperature. Specimens for TEM studies in (110), (111), and (112) orientations have also shown regions of unusual diffraction contrast in bright field which appears to be very sensitive to specimen tilt. Lorentz mode TEM has subsequently shown such regions to correspond exactly with magnetic domains. This contrast is attributed to the high magnetostrictive strain causing a local distortion of the lattice and thus a local deviation from the Bragg condition. This conclusion has been investigated and supported by TEM observations with the samples cooled below the spin reorientation temperature. When this transition is reached the diffraction contrast in bright field is considerably decreased and cannot be made to vary by tilting the specimen. The latter experiments also indicate that the change from 〈111〉 to 〈100〉 easy axis is not a well-defined one but, rather, that the spin reorientation is a sluggish change. High-resolution lattice images show the coherency of the twin boundaries. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361693
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Switching mechanisms in layered CoCrPt thin films (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2425-2428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of thin CoCrPt layered structures has been studied with a view to understanding the nature and extent of any interactions present, both within and between the various constituent layers. In this investigation, we have utilized the principal remanence curves and their derivatives to characterize the bulk magnetic properties of the samples. In addition, we have employed a low energy broad beam Kaufman-type ion source to sputter etch some of the layers, enabling unambiguous determination of the reversal fields of the various constituent layers. For each layered sample the magnetic layer grown on the thick Cr underlayer has the highest in-plane coercivity. The second layer grown on a 100 A(ring) Cr spacer has the next largest coercivity. All additional layers reverse at the same applied field strength. The coercivity of the layers is also insensitive to thickness reduction from 200 A(ring) down to 80 A(ring). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358768
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetostriction in polycrystalline sputter-deposited TbDyFe films (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5257-5261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic and microstructural investigations of some polycrystalline rare-earth—transition-metal (RE-TM) alloy thin films are reported. Emphasis was placed on pseudobinary alloys in the (TbxDy1−x)Fe2 and (TbxDy1−x)3Fe4 systems. The films were prepared by sputter deposition onto both room-temperature and high-temperature substrates. Films prepared on room-temperature substrates were amorphous and were crystallized by postdeposition annealing. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction showed and indicated a complex microstructure consisting of small grains of free iron, REFe compounds, and some RE oxide phases. Magnetization, coercivity, and magnetostriction measurements showed the films to be essentially magnetized in plane with a trend across the composition range which reflected the different influences of Tb and Dy and also the compensation condition. Magnetostriction values greater than 0.75×10−3 were found near the Terfenol composition Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2 and for x(approximately-greater-than)0.3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355724
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and performance of magneto-optic enhanced Co/Pt-based trilayers having zero Kerr ellipticity : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6861-6863 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The design philosophy and objectives for producing phase-optimized trilayer structures for magneto-optic enhancement of the polar Kerr effect is outlined. A number of alternative designs is presented based on glass/Co-Pt/SiO2/Al. The performance of an actual device, as a function of the wavelength of the incident radiation, and of angle of incidence, for both of the principal polarization states, has been evaluated experimentally and theoretically. Results indicate excellent agreement and demonstrate the ease with which devices can be designed and fabricated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356809
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetostriction in TbDyFe thin films : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM) intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7003-7005 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetization and magnetostriction in amorphous binary TbFe and DyFe and amorphous and polycrystalline, ternary (TbxDy1−x)yFe100−y thin films have been investigated. The measurements reflect the compositional dependence of the easy direction of magnetization in the films. In plane magnetostrictions of over 300×10−6 were measured for some of the amorphous TbFe and TbDyFe films and values greater than 750×10−6 were obtained in polycrystalline TbDyFe films near to the Terfenol composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358069
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interface processing in multilayer films : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6090-6092 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the effect of ion modification of multilayer growth and ion etching of multilayer interfaces on perpendicular anisotropy and giant magnetoresistance in sputter deposited Co/Pt and Co/Cu multilayers. These two properties are thought to be particularly sensitive to the form of the interface profile in multilayers. We find that the ion-assisted deposition conditions used degrade both perpendicular anisotropy and GMR through interface smoothing and mixing. In contrast, thermal annealing and first experiments in ion etching show that GMR can be increased by smoothing of the Co/Cu interfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358380
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface deformations and domains in Terfenol-D by scanning probe microscopy : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6070-6072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper reports the first direct measurements of the deformations in the surface of a ferromagnet caused by magnetostrictive lattice strains in neighboring magnetic domains. Observations of the {011} and {112} surfaces of twinned Terfenol-D (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2) crystals by atomic force microscopy reveal the deformation domains previously imaged by optical microscopy and predicted by recent theory. The surface topography has been imaged in the remanent and ac demagnetized states and measurements of the deformation gradients have enabled the magnetostriction constant in the 〈111〉 direction to be estimated as 1.63×10−3 to within 8%. All theoretically predicted deformation domains have been observed and, in particular, the exact compatibility of such deformations across the growth twin boundaries is clearly revealed. The magnetic domains associated with the observed deformations are inferred from magnetic force microscopy observations which yield complex contrast patterns. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362095
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetic resonance studies of anisotropy in PtCo multilayers : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6038-6040 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on K-band ferromagnetic resonance studies made on a sequence of PtCo multilayer films. Two principal results emerge: (a) the angular dependence of the resonance fields can be fitted only by a combination of second and fourth order anisotropy: E = Keff sin2 θ+ K4 sin4 θ, and (b) an additional resonance was observed at fields below the major resonance position in some of the specimens. Although these latter spectra were observed about the surface normal only over a restricted angular range, we were able to fit these lines as well with a combination of second- and fourth-order anisotropy. In each case the integrated absorption intensity of the secondary spectrum, when present, was comparable to that of the primary resonance. The physical origin of these additional spectra is not yet entirely clear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350064
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdiffusion in direct ion beam deposited isotopic Fe/Si trilayers (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7074-7076 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Interdiffusion and intermixing have been examined in Fe/Si trilayers prepared with ions of different energies, using the direct ion beam deposition technique. Isotope-pure layers were deposited and spin-polarized neutron reflectivity used to determine the role of Fe diffusion in iron silicide formation. It was found that a nonmagnetic iron silicide was formed that contained Fe from both the top and bottom layers in the trilayer, suggesting complete diffusion across the spacer region. Electron microscopy observations revealed the presence of an iron silicide phase and crystalline interface layers in films prepared with low energy ions (30 eV), while mixed and amorphous-like regions were found at higher ion energies (100 eV). © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1357151
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