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  • 1
    Keywords: Ecology . ; Botany. ; Zoology. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology. ; Plant Science. ; Zoology. ; Conservation Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1: Historical and biogeographical aspects -- The Atlantic Forest: an introduction to the megadiverse forest of Southern America -- The Atlantic Forest Ecological History: from pre-history to the Anthropocene -- The North-eastern Atlantic Forest: biogeographical, historical and current aspects in the Sugarcane Zone -- The Hileia Baiana - an assessment of natural and historical aspects of the land use and degradation of the central corridor of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest -- The southern Atlantic Forest: Use, degradation, and perspectives for conservation -- Part II – Biodiversity -- Tree diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: biases and general patterns using different sources of information -- Vascular Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest: diversity and community ecology -- Social Insects of the Atlantic Forest -- Tetrapod diversity in the Atlantic Forest: maps and gaps -- Freshwater Studies in Atlantic Forest: general overview and prospects -- Part III – Threats -- Land-cover changes and an uncertain future: will the Brazilian Atlantic Forest lose the chance to become a hopespot? -- Climate change and biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest: best climatic models, predicted changes and impacts, and adaptation options -- Non-native species introductions, invasions, and biotic homogenization in the Atlantic Forest -- Causes and consequences of large-scale defaunation in the Atlantic forest -- Pollination systems in the Atlantic Forest: characterization, threats, and opportunities -- IV - Opportunities -- Atlantic Forest: ecosystem services linking people and biodiversity -- Changing the agriculture paradigm in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: the importance of agroforestry -- Engaging people for large-scale forest restoration: Governance lessons from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil -- The Atlantic Forest Trail: connecting people, biodiversity and protected areas -- Conservation initiatives in the Brazilian Atlantic forest -- Financing conservation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest -- Integrating researchers for understanding the biodiversity in Atlantic Forest -- The future of the Atlantic Forest.
    Abstract: The Atlantic Forest is one of the 36 hotspots for biodiversity conservation worldwide. It is a unique, large biome (more than 3000 km in latitude; 2500 in longitude), marked by high biodiversity, high degree of endemic species and, at the same time, extremely threatened. Approximately 70% of the Brazilian population lives in the area of this biome, which makes the conflict between biodiversity conservation and the sustainability of the human population a relevant issue. This book aims to cover: 1) the historical characterization and geographic variation of the biome; 2) the distribution of the diversity of some relevant taxa; 3) the main threats to biodiversity, and 4) possible opportunities to ensure the biodiversity conservation, and the economic and social sustainability. Also, it is hoped that this book can be useful for those involved in the development of public policies aimed at the conservation of this important global biome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXX, 517 p. 66 illus., 44 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030553227
    DDC: 577
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Hannover : Rümpler
    Call number: H O 466
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: XII, 248 S.
    Location: Pendulum room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Temperate and boreal forests in the Northern Hemisphere cover an area of about 2 × 107 square kilometres and act as a substantial carbon sink (0.6–0.7 petagrams of carbon per year). Although forest expansion following agricultural abandonment is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Carbon exchange between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is one of the key processes that need to be assessed in the context of the Kyoto Protocol. Several studies suggest that the terrestrial biosphere is gaining carbon, but these estimates are obtained primarily by indirect ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: This paper presents CO2 flux data from 18 forest ecosystems, studied in the European Union funded EUROFLUX project. Overall, mean annual gross primary productivity (GPP, the total amount of carbon (C) fixed during photosynthesis) of these forests was 1380 ± 330 gC m−2 y−1 (mean ±SD). On average, 80% of GPP was respired by autotrophs and heterotrophs and released back into the atmosphere (total ecosystem respiration, TER = 1100 ± 260 gC m−2 y−1). Mean annual soil respiration (SR) was 760 ± 340 gC m−2 y−1 (55% of GPP and 69% of TER).Among the investigated forests, large differences were observed in annual SR and TER that were not correlated with mean annual temperature. However, a significant correlation was observed between annual SR and TER and GPP among the relatively undisturbed forests. On the assumption that (i) root respiration is constrained by the allocation of photosynthates to the roots, which is coupled to productivity, and that (ii) the largest fraction of heterotrophic soil respiration originates from decomposition of young organic matter (leaves, fine roots), whose availability also depends on primary productivity, it is hypothesized that differences in SR among forests are likely to depend more on productivity than on temperature.At sites where soil disturbance has occurred (e.g. ploughing, drainage), soil espiration was a larger component of the ecosystem C budget and deviated fromthe relationship between annual SR (and TER) and GPP observed among the less-disturbed forests. At one particular forest, carbon losses from the soil were so large, that in some years the site became a net source of carbon to the atmosphere. Excluding the disturbed sites from the present analysis reduced mean SR to 660 ± 290 gC m−2 y−1, representing 49% of GPP and 63% of TER in the relatively undisturbed forest ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Global change biology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We present results from two years’ net ecosystem flux measurements above a boreal forest in central Sweden. Fluxes were measured with an eddy correlation system based on a sonic anemometer and a closed path CO2 and H2O gas analyser. The measurements show that the forest acted as a source during this period, and that the annual balance is highly sensitive to changes in temperature. The accumulated flux of carbon dioxide during the full two-year period was in the range 480–1600 g CO2 m–2. The broad range is caused by uncertainty regarding assessment of the night-time fluxes. Although annual mean temperature remained close to normal, the results are partly explained by higher than normal respiration, due to abnormal temperature distribution and reduced soil moisture during one growing season. The finding that a closed forest can be a source of carbon over such a long period as two years contrasts sharply with the common belief that forests are always carbon sinks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Global change biology 2 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: An eddy-correlation system is presented that was designed with special focus on long-term measurements of turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer. It consists of a SOLENT sonic anemometer, a fast temperature sensor, and a LI-COR LI 6262 closed-path infrared gas analyser. The use of a fast temperature sensor turned out to be necessary because of errors in the sound virtual temperature measured by the sonic anemometer at high wind speeds. The components are combined with special attention paid to protection against lightning and other environmental stresses. The data acquisition program SOLCOM runs on standalone systems or in a network environment and performs ‘quasi on-line’ data processing, on-line graphical display of single data and fluxes, and on-line correction of the raw data. Raw data can be stored continuously on DAT tapes. All data handling can be done by remote access, thus only a minimum amount of m situ maintenance is required. Power spectra of vertical and longitudinal wind speed, air temperature, air humidity and carbon dioxide concentration showed to follow the -2/3 law quite well. There was some noise in the high frequency range of the carbon dioxide spectrum. However, the corresponding cross spectra with the vertical wind component showed less deviation from a straight line in the high frequency range. The sum of convective heat fluxes and soil heat flux showed good agreement with the measured net radiation for several months and it was concluded that the system described here constitute a good platform for long-term flux measurements over forest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The timing of the commencement of photosynthesis (P*) in spring is an important determinant of growing-season length and thus of the productivity of boreal forests. Although controlled experiments have shed light on environmental mechanisms triggering release from photoinhibition after winter, quantitative research for trees growing naturally in the field is scarce. In this study, we investigated the environmental cues initiating the spring recovery of boreal coniferous forest ecosystems under field conditions. We used meteorological data and above-canopy eddy covariance measurements of the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) from five field stations located in northern and southern Finland, northern and southern Sweden, and central Siberia. The within- and intersite variability for P* was large, 30–60 days. Of the different climate variables examined, air temperature emerged as the best predictor for P* in spring. We also found that ‘soil thaw’, defined as the time when near-surface soil temperature rapidly increases above 0°C, is not a useful criterion for P*. In one case, photosynthesis commenced 1.5 months before soil temperatures increased significantly above 0°C. At most sites, we were able to determine a threshold for air-temperature-related variables, the exceeding of which was required for P*. A 5-day running-average temperature (T5) produced the best predictions, but a developmental-stage model (S) utilizing a modified temperature sum concept also worked well. But for both T5 and S, the threshold values varied from site to site, perhaps reflecting genetic differences among the stands or climate-induced differences in the physiological state of trees in late winter/early spring. Only at the warmest site, in southern Sweden, could we obtain no threshold values for T5 or S that could predict P* reliably. This suggests that although air temperature appears to be a good predictor for P* at high latitudes, there may be no unifying ecophysiological relationship applicable across the entire boreal zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 51 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Soil invertebrates suffer from contamination of the soil by heavy metals. We have studied the effects of contamination by cadmium, zinc and lead on their communities in soils in northern France by comparing polluted land with non-contaminated sites. We have followed the seasonal variations and effects of soil properties. Saprophagous invertebrates (Diplopoda, Isopoda) and Chilopoda were sampled by pitfall-trapping from February to November in fairly contaminated areas. In addition, a Berlese extraction of the litter in two very highly contaminated sites was conducted during autumn; animals were also trapped during June in the same locations. The most active period for myriapods was spring (April and May), whereas isopods were abundant from April to the end of summer. No clear relation was found relating dominant species or number of myriapods or isopods to concentration of heavy metal in the little-contaminated soils. The dominant species seemed not to be related to pollution but to vegetation or soil characteristics. In the most contaminated sites, with metalliferous grassland and a thick undecomposed litter layer, a threshold in contamination values seemed to be reached: no isopods or millipedes were found, but only Chilopoda and Symphyla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Simple light use efficiency (ɛ) models of net primary production (NPP) have recently been given great attention (NPP = ɛ × absorbed photosynthetically active radiation). The underlying relationships have, however, not been much studied on a time step less than a month. In this study daily NPP was estimated as the sum of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) of a mixed pine and spruce forest in Sweden. NEE was measured by eddy correlation technique and Rh was estimated from measurements of forest floor respiration (Rf) and the root share of Rf. The total yearly NPP was on average 810 g C m−2 year−1 for 3 years and yearly ɛ was between 0.58 and 0.71 g C MJ−1, which is high in comparison with other studies. There was a seasonal trend in ɛ with a relatively constant level of approximately 0.90 g C MJ−1 from April to September Daily NPP did not increase for daily intercepted radiation above 6 MJ m−2 d−1, indicating that between-years variation in NPP is not directly dependent on total Qi. The light was most efficiently used at an average daytime temperature of around 15 °C. At daytime vapour pressure deficit above 1400 Pa ɛ was reduced by approximately 50%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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