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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and evolutionary implications of the packaging of DNA for differentiation and proliferation in the lymphocyte (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 26 (1987), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; B cells ; T cells ; Antigen P1 ; Topoisomerase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary During the differentiation of the clonally distributed lymphocytes of mouse and man into mature resting B and T cells, their DNA becomes tightly packed into dense heterochromatin masses and exhibits very little transcriptional activity; it also becomes extensively nicked, containing some 3000–4000 single-strand breaks per diploid genome. The nuclear matrix is sparse and poorly organized and there are but trace amounts of the matrix-linked enzyme DNA topoisomerase II; the nucleus of these small cells is surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm. The resting cell can thus be considered (by analogy to a sperm cell) as a vector for transporting tightly packed and relatively inert genetic information to all parts of the body. When the lymphocyte is stimulated to enter a proliferative cycle by binding of appropriately presented antigen or mitogen to relevant membrane receptors, the cell enlarges, due to increased synthesis of protein; the dense heterochromatin is pulled out into very small clumps, as a result of an enormous growth in size as well as complexity of the nuclear matrix, and a great increase in transcriptional activity occurs. We have identified four nuclear matrix antigens that are very widely conserved in the evolution of eucaryotes and that occupy distinctive domains in interphase nuclei. Of particular interest is antigen P1, detected in organisms ranging from algae to mammals. By virtue of its location at the interface between nuclear envelope and chromatin, we propose that it plays a major and evolutionarily conserved role in chromatin organization and orientation in all eucaryotic cell types. Prior to these events, the DNA strand breaks are rejoined by a mechanism dependent on poly(ADP ribose) synthetase; rejoining of the breaks is required in order for the cells to enter the S phase of the cell cycle. Under certain experimental conditions, the induction of DNA topoisomerase II is clearly seen to precede DNA replication; topoisomerase II may be involved in some of the nuclear changes of blastogenesis. The evidence suggests that induction of single-strand breaks in DNA may be a general feature in the evolution of differentiated somatic cells. The selective advantage of the endogenously produced DNA strand breaks may be to provide an additional mechanism that prevents the differentiated cell from replicating its genome in the absence of an appropriate proliferative signal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099849
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Faith and Fact (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 196 (1962), S. 7-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Now.faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. Hebrews XI. And what is faith? Faith gives substance (or assurance) to our hopes, and makes us certain of realities we do not see. (N.E.B.) IN 1951, during the meeting of the British Association for the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/196007a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
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    Scaled equation of state parameters for gases in the critical region (1976)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0047-2689
    Electronic ISSN: 1529-7845
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Faith and Fact (1962)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 1962-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Scaled equation of state parameters for gases in the critical region (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In the light of recent theoretical developments, the paper presents an accurate characterization of anomalous thermodynamic behavior of xenon, helium 4, helium 3, carbon dioxide, steam and oxygen in the critical region. This behavior is associated with long range fluctuations in the system and the physical properties depend primarily on a single variable, namely, the correlation length. A description of the thermodynamic behavior of fluids in terms of scaling laws is formulated, and the two successfully used scaled equations of state (NBS equation and Linear Model parametric equation) are compared. Methods for fitting both equations to experimental equation of state data are developed and formulated, and the optimum fit for each of the two scaled equations of the above gases are presented and the results are compared. By extending the experimental data for the above one-component fluids to partially miscible binary liquids, superfluid liquid helium, ferromagnets and solids exhibiting order-disorder transitions, the principle of universality is concluded. Finally by using this principle, the critical regions for nine additional fluids are described.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data; 5; 1, 19; 1976
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Scaled parametric equation of state for oxygen in the critical region (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Thermodynamic properties show an anomalous nonanalytic behavior in the critical region that cannot be represented by analytic equations used in engineering correlations. The formulation of scaling laws is discussed, taking into account an approach proposed by Schofield et al. (1969). A procedure for data analysis is described. The model considered has been found to give satisfactory results in tests conducted with a number of gases. The application of the described approach to density profiles is discussed. Attention is given to the model parameters, the critical exponents, and the coefficients for oxygen.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS
    Type: Cryogenic Engineering Conference; Aug 08, 1973 - Aug 10, 1973; Atlanta, GA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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