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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract– We studied microhabitat use of young-of-the-year (YOY) benthic stream fishes (Cottus, Etheostoma, Percina) using underwater surveys conducted in the Little River of Tennessee, United States. At the upstream site, only Cottus was present and its density was low. Further downstream all genera were present, and YOY density was high and concentrated in deep water habitats. Microhabitat use by the species differed from microhabitat availability, with most species using deep, slow-moving water with silt-free, coarse substrates that lacked riverweed, Podostemum ceratophyllum. Despite differences in microhabitat use, there was substantial overlap among species. Because YOY were positively associated with coarse substrates and coarse substrates were uncommon in deep water, we tested their importance by adding cobbles to 3 deep water habitats. We found that YOY benthic fishes colonized areas with cobbles but not sand. After 2 months, however, many of the cobble areas were covered by sediment. These data suggest that YOY fish are substrate-limited in deep water habitats and that the hydrological properties of pools preclude establishment of permanent instream cover. It is unclear why YOY occur in areas with little instream cover.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 9 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract – Describing habitat use by stream fishes is important from both basic ecological and fisheries management points of view. The most widely used methods of measuring habitat use vary in degree of effort required, level of intrusiveness and in the level of spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper, we describe a remote monitoring technique that can provide detailed and continuous data on habitat use of individual fish in the field. The technique is based on the passive integrated transponder (PIT) system, in which a newly developed flat-bed antenna is placed on the stream bottom and simply requires a PIT-tagged fish to swim over it. We present data obtained from work using this new technology on brown trout (Salmo trutta) in stream enclosures, in which we describe habitat use and temporal patterns of movement by individuals and relate such data to growth rate and sex of the individual fish as well as to pool depth and time of day. In addition, we describe the range of applications of the flat-bed PIT-antenna as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using the system./〉
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Population densities of landlocked lake-migratory brown trout Salmo trutta were estimated in two distinct lotic sections, separated by a lentic segment, in the Greåna River, Sweden, and individual growth and habitat use were monitored for 835 tagged brown trout from September 1998 to June 2000. Residency dominated in the upstream section where density of 0+ and 1+ year brown trout was low and growth rate high. In contrast, 〉90% of the brown trout that migrated to the lake originated from the downstream section, where density was high and growth rate low. For ≥2+ year individuals, growth rate was similar between the two stream sections, but densities were higher in the upstream than in the downstream section. Lake-migrants had higher growth rates than non-migrants (residents) during the autumn of both years. From September to May, migrants increased their body mass by 〉35%, whereas non-migrants increased by 〈5%. Approximately 70% of the brown trout moved 〈10 m and 〈2% moved between the two stream sections, indicating that the lentic habitat might function as a barrier for juveniles. Differences in migratory behaviour, density and growth between the upstream and the downstream section might indicate that environmental factors influence the decision to migrate. It cannot be excluded, however, that the observed differences are genetically programmed, selected by migration costs that favour migratory behaviour downstream and residency upstream.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 40 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The effect of improved water quality on fish assemblages in streams in southern Sweden was assessed by comparing species composition at 161 sites and water quality at twenty-nine sites in the 1960s and the 1990s.2. Water quality had improved and there was an increase in the number of sites or catchments with brown trout (Salmo trutta), stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) and eel (Anguilla anguilla). The response was greatest for brown trout and was best explained by increased oxygen concentrations.3. The number of sites with nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), ide (Leuciscus idus) and brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri) decreased between the 1960s and 1990s. The decrease was greatest for nine-spined stickleback and was related to the increase in sites with trout, suggesting that nine-spined stickleback may be sensitive to predation or competition.4. Improved water quality has led to recolonization by brown trout, probably enabling biotic interactions to play a larger role in structuring fish assemblages. Improving water quality was an effective method for rehabilitating fish populations in streams where natural colonization was possible.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 3 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: We tested the hypothesis that small fishes avoid piscivores by increasing their use of shallow water areas, thereby reducing the capture success of the piscivore. Experiments were conducted in 600-1 aquaria, using perch (Perca fluviatilis) as the piscivore and minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) as the prey. Two size classes of minnows, presented alone and together, were placed together with perch in aquaria with and without shallow water areas. The capture success of perch and use of depth by minnows changed as predicted by our hypothesis. In addition, we observed a decrease in the shoal size of minnows when perch were present. Perch selected large minnows over small minnows when both size classes were present, probably because large minnows were a more energetically profitable prey size.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 6 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract— We studied habitat use, foraging rates and behavior of 10 cm and 12 cm long brown trout, Salmo trutta, at two densities, 1.5 and 3.0 fish. m−2, in artificial streams that contained either the amphipod, Gammarus pulex, alone or G. pulex together with the piscivore, northern pike, Esox lucius. Gammarus were stocked in and largely restricted to the pools at a density of 128 Gammurus. m−2. pool−1 Large trout (12 cm) used pools more and riffles less when small trout (10 cm) were present than when small trout were absent. Small trout consumed fewer Gammarus when together with large trout than when alone, but showed no difference in habitat use in the presence and abscnce of large trout. Habitat use and number of Gammarus consumed per trout were not affected by trout density for either size-class when alone. For both size-classes of trout, use of pools and foraging rates were higher in the absence than in the presence of pike, and pike primarily resided in the pools. The number of aggressive interactions by both size-classes of trout decreased when pike was present. Our results indicate that for habitats that differ in food resources and predation risk, size structure may affect habitat use and foraging by brown trout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 54 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The influence of water quality, physical habitat and species richness on the occurrence, density and size of brown trout at 216 stream sites in southern Sweden was studied. Discriminant analysis showed that the occurrence of trout at a locality was largely determined by oxygen conditions and medium-sized substrata. At localities where trout occurred, the density of + trout was highest in narrow streams with high oxygen concentrations. For older trout, 〉0+ in age, stream size and temperature were negatively related to density. Biotic factors also appeared to affect trout density, as trout density was inversely related to abundance of predators and coexisting species. Even intraspecific competition appeared to be important as length of 0+ trout was inversely related to trout density. It is suggested that improvements of water quality may be an effective way to restore sea trout populations in southern Sweden, especially in narrow streams where smolt production has the highest potential.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Growth rates and otolith-estimated hatching dates of young of the year Etheostoma simoterum were studied at four localities along an elevational gradient in the Little River, Tennessee, U.S.A. during the summer of 1983. Changes in otolith increment width and mean daily air temperature corresponded well with each other, suggesting that increments were laid down daily. Growth rate increased nearly threefold from the highest elevation site to the lowest. Median otolith-estimated hatching dates differed by about 2 weeks between sites, and the pattern was not directly related to elevation. These data indicate that within-stream, life-history variation of a broadly distributed species should be taken into consideration when studying factors regulating stream fish populations along elevational gradients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 11 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  – The effect of kinship on growth and use of space by individually PIT-tagged 1+ brown trout was studied for 11 weeks in eight stream enclosures. Each enclosure consisted of two sections, separated by a region containing PIT-detecting antennae, which enabled us to measure use of sections by all individuals. Two types of sibling groups were tested, a single sibling group, F1, consisting of four individuals that were reared together in hatchery tank ‘a’ (F1a) plus four additional siblings of the same family but raised in hatchery tank ‘b’ (F1b), and a mixed sibling group, consisting of four F1a individuals plus four siblings from a second family, F2. Based on kin theory and earlier laboratory studies, we expected that growth of the F1a individuals in the single sibling group to be greater than that of F1a individuals in the mixed family sibling group, but instead we found just the opposite. The variance of growth did not differ between treatments. Nor was there a difference in time F1a individuals spent together when they were in mixed versus single sibling groups. We did find that F1a individuals changed habitat more frequently than F2 individuals in the mixed sibling group but less frequently than F1b in the single sibling groups. Thus, our predictions based on kin theory for growth and behavior of brown trout were not supported by our data, and we suggest that the role of kin recognition for the ecology of salmonids deserves further attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 105 (1936), S. 64-66 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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