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  • 1
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    Multiscale analysis of factors that affect the distribution of sharks throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico (2021)
    In:  mdrymon@disl.org | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14532 | 403 | 2014-02-14 20:00:41 | 14532 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Identification of the spatial scale at which marine communities are organized is critical to proper management, yet this is particularly difficult to determine for highly migratory species like sharks. We used shark catch data collected during 2006–09 from fishery-independent bottom-longline surveys, as well as biotic and abiotic explanatory data to identify the factors that affect the distribution ofcoastal sharks at 2 spatial scales in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Centered principal component analyses (PCAs) were used to visualize the patterns that characterize shark distributions at small (Alabama and Mississippi coast) and large (northern Gulf of Mexico) spatial scales. Environmental data on temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), depth, fish and crustacean biomass, and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration were analyzed with normed PCAs at both spatial scales. The relationships between values of shark catch per unit of effort (CPUE) and environmental factors were then analyzed at each scale with co-inertia analysis (COIA). Results from COIA indicated that the degree of agreement between the structure of the environmental and shark data sets was relatively higher at the small spatial scale than at the large one. CPUE of Blacktip Shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) was related positively with crustacean biomass at both spatial scales. Similarly, CPUE of Atlantic Sharpnose Shark (Rhizoprionodonterraenovae) was related positively with chl-a concentrationand negatively with DO at both spatial scales. Conversely, distribution of Blacknose Shark (C. acronotus) displayed a contrasting relationship with depth at the 2 scales considered. Our results indicate that the factors influencing the distribution of sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico are species specific but generally transcend the spatial boundaries used in our analyses.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 370-380
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  • 2
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    Field guide to requiem sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the Western North Atlantic (2021)
    NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service | Seattle, WA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2503 | 403 | 2011-09-29 18:58:46 | 2503 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Identification problems are common for many sharks due to a general lack of meristic characteristics that are typicallyuseful for separating species. Other than number of vertebrae and number and shape of teeth, identifications are frequently based on external features that are often shared among species. Identification problems in the field are most prevalent when live specimens are captured and releasing them with a minimum of stress is a priority (e.g., shark tagging programs). Identifications mustbe accurate and conducted quickly but this can be challenging, especially if specimens are very active or too large to be landed without physical damage. This field guide was designed primarily for use during field studies and presents a simplified method for identifying the 21 species of western North Atlantic Ocean sharks belonging to the family Carcharhinidae (carcharhinids). To assist with identifications a dichotomous key to Carcharhinidae was developed, and for the more problematic Carcharhinus species (12 species), separation sheets based on importantdistinguishing features were constructed. Descriptive text and illustrations provided in the species accounts were developed from field observations, photographs, andpublished references. (PDF file contains 36 pages.)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Management ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Pictorial Guide to the Groupers (Teleostei: Serranidae) of the Western North Atlantic (2021)
    NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2697 | 403 | 2011-09-29 18:34:04 | 2697 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: This guide was developed to assist with the identification of western North Atlantic grouper species of the genera Alphestes, Cephalopholis, Dermatolepis, Epinephelus,Gonioplectrus, Mycteroperca, and Paranthias. The primary purpose for assembling the guide is for use with projects that deploy underwater video camera systems. The mostvital source of information used to develop the guide was an archive of underwater video footage recorded during fishery projects. These video tapes contain 348 hours ofsurvey activity and are maintained at the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Pascagoula, Mississippi. This footage spans several years (1980-92) and was recordedunder a wide variety of conditions depicting diverse habitats from areas of the western North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. Published references wereused as sources of information for those species not recorded on video footage during NMFS projects. These references were also used to augment information collected from video footage to provide broader and more complete descriptions. The pictorial guide presents information for all 25 grouper species reported to occur in the western North Atlantic. Species accounts provide descriptive text and illustrations depicting documented phases for the various groupers. In addition, species separation sheets based on important identification features were constructed to further assist with species identification. A meristic table provides information for specimens captured in conjunction with videoassisted fishery surveys. A computerized version enables guide users to amend, revise,update, or customize the guide as new observations and information become available. (PDF file contains 52 pages.)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Management ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Field Guide to the Searobins (Prionotus and Bellator) in the Western North Atlantic (2021)
    NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2708 | 403 | 2011-09-29 18:30:37 | 2708 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Species identifications of Prionotus and Bellator are often difficult under field conditions owing to the large number of species and their overlapping taxonomic characteristics. This key is intended to provide a simplified, accurate means to identify adult searobins greater than 10 cm standard length. All recognized species from thewestern North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea are included. (PDF file contains 30 pages.)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Fishery-independent Bottom Trawl Surveys for Deep-water Fishes and Invertebrates of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, 2002–08 (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9669 | 403 | 2012-08-14 16:28:15 | 9669 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: From 2002 through 2008, the Mississippi Laboratories of the NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, conducted fishery-independent bottom trawl surveys for continental shelf and outer-continental shelf deep-water fishes and invertebrates of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (50–500 m bottom depths). Five-hundred and ninety species were captured at 797 bottom trawl locations. Standardized survey gear andrandomly selected survey sites have facilitateddevelopment of a fishery-independent time series that characterizes species diversity, distributions, and catch per unit effort. The fishery-independent surveys providesynoptic descriptions of deep-water fauna potentially impacted by various anthropogenic factors.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 20-25
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  • 6
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    A Preliminary Study of the Marine Biota at Navassa Island, Caribbean Sea (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9779 | 403 | 2012-08-14 20:22:49 | 9779 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A preliminary study of reef fish and sharks was conducted at Navassa Island in the Caribbean Sea during a 24-h period beginning 9 September 1998. Conducting a study at Navassa Island was of particular interest because exploitation of Navassa Island’s fishery resources has been considered minimal due to its remote location (southwest of the Windward Passage, Caribbean Sea) and lack of human habitation. Reef fish (and associated habitats) were assessed with stationary underwater video cameras at 3 survey sites; sharks were assessed by bottom longlining at 5 survey sites. Fifty-seven reef fish identifications to lowest possible taxon were made from video footage. Longline catches produced 3 shark species and 3 incidental catch species. When results from the 1998 National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) project are combined with a previous 1977 NMFS survey of Navassa Island, 27 fish families, 79 fish identifications to lowest possible taxon, 4 invertebrate orders or families, 3 coraline families, and 2 macroalgae phyla are reported.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 43-48
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  • 7
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    Assessment of the Distribution and Abundance of Coastal Sharks in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and Eastern Seaboard, 1995 and 1996 (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9813 | 403 | 2012-08-16 14:29:48 | 9813 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: During 1995 and 1996, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), conducted pilot studies to develop survey methodology and a sampling strategy for assessment of coastal shark populations in the Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic. Longline gear similar to that used in the commercial shark fishery was deployed at randomly selected stations within three depth strata per 60 nautical mile gridf rom Brownsville, Tex. to Cape Ann, Mass. The survey methodology and gear design used in these surveys proved effective for capturing many of the small and large coastal sharks regulated under the auspices of the 1993 Fisheries Management Plan (FMP) for Sharks oft he Atlantic Ocean. Shark catch rates, species composition, and relative abundance documented in these pilot surveys were similar to those reported from observer programs monitoring commercial activities. During 78 survey days, 269 bottom longline sets were completed with 879 sharks captured.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 23-32
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  • 8
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    14 Molar Concentrations of Alkali-Activated Geopolymer Concrete (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-11
    Description: The increase in construction activities due to economic and population growth has led to the higher demand and utilization of cement. But cement production leads to the pollution of the environment. Consequently, this study examines the utilization of both ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and corncob ash (CCA) as source materials in the production of geopolymer concrete (GPC). GGBFS was replaced by CCA in 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% respectively using Grade 30 (M30) mix design proportion. Alkaline liquids were prepared to obtain 14 molar concentrations and used to activate the source materials. Slump, density and compressive strength of GPC were determined and compared with Portland cement concrete (PCC). The research findings indicate that GPC has higher compressive strength than PCC. Based on the relationship between the compressive strength and the density, a model equation is established. And the equation is used to predict the compressive strength of GPC wit...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 9
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    Effects of 12 Molar Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide on the Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-11
    Description: Geopolymer concrete is an emerging and innovative alkali-activated concrete that has been growingly studied because of its superior mechanical strengths and durability properties. This study, therefore, investigates the utilization of both corncob ash (CCA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as source materials activating with both sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) solutions in the production of geopolymer concrete (GPC). Sodium hydroxide was prepared in 12 molar concentration using Grade 30 MPa mix design ratio. GGBFS was replaced by CCA in varying percentages 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% and cured in ambient conditions. Slump, density, and compressive strength of GPC were determined and compared with Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) of the same grade. The research findings indicate an optimal strength of 100% GGBFS with a compressive strength of 43.17MPa at 28 days curing for GPC compared with 35.12MPa for PCC. The result revea...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    Histological evidence for secretory bioluminescence from pectoral pockets of the American Pocket Shark (Mollisquama mississippiensis) (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-30
    Description: The function of pocket shark pectoral pockets has puzzled scientists over decades. Here, we show that the pockets of the American Pocket Shark (Mollisquama mississippiensis) contain a brightly fluorescent stratified cubic epithelium enclosed in a pigmented sheath and in close contact with the basal cartilage of the pectoral fins; cells of this epithelium display a centripetal gradient in size and a centrifuge gradient in fluorescence. These results strongly support the idea that pocket shark’s pockets are exocrine holocrine glands capable of discharging a bioluminescent fluid, potentially upon a given movement of the pectoral fin. Such capability has been reported in many other marine organisms and is typically used as a close-range defensive trick. In situ observations would be required to confirm this hypothesis.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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