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  • 1
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    Endogenous cellulases in animals: Isolation of  -1,4-endoglucanase genes from two species of plant-parasitic cyst nematodes (1998)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-28
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changing Concepts and Molecular Approaches in the Management of Virulence Genes in Potato Cyst Nematodes (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 31 (1993), S. 169-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.31.090193.001125
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotaxonomy of Compositae related to their host suitability for Pratylenchus penetrans (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 82 (1976), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Eigen onderzoek aangevuld met gegevens uit de literatuur gaf informatie over de invloed van 175 Composieten op populaties vanPratylenchus penetrans in de grond. Bijna 70 soorten verlaagden deze dichtheden (Tabel 1). Het betreft soorten van de geslachtenGrindelia, Solidago, Coreopsis, Eclipta, Rudbeckia, Verbesina, Melampodium, Parthenium, Iva, Ambrosia, Milleria, Baeria, Schkuhria, Eriophyllum, Chaenactis, Helenium, Gaillardia, Tagetes, Arctotis, Gazania, Berkheya, Didelta, Echinops enUrospermum. Er is een duidelijk verband tussen de taxonomische indeling van Composieten en deze eigenschap. Bijna alle getoetste soorten van de subtribus Ambrosiinae, Heleniinae, Arctotinae, Gorteriinae en Echinopinae reduceerden populaties vanP. penetrans. In sommige geslachten zoalsSolidago, Coreopsis, Rudbeckia enMelampodium veroorzaakten slechts een of enkele getoetste soorten dit effect. Van de 16 Composieten, waarvan bekend is dat zij α-terthienyl in hun wortels bevatten, verlaagden er 15 dichtheden vanPratylenchus. Vrijwel hetzelfde geldt voor Composieten met 5-(3-buteen-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithienyl in hun wortels (Tabel 1). Ook de aanwezigheid in een aantal andere Composieten van een groep rode dithio-acetyleen-verbindingen met waarschijnlijk nematicide eigenschappen in vitro, komt goed overeen met de eigenschap om dichtheden vanP. penetrans in de grond te verminderen.
    Notes: Abstract Experimental work and a survey of literature gave data on the effects of 175 Compositate on populations ofPratylenchus penetrans in the soil. Nearly 70 Compositae effectively suppress populations ofP. penetrans. It is shown that a close relationship exists between this suppressing feature and the chemotaxonomy of the Compositae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01977341
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circumventing the diapause of potato cyst nematodes (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 93 (1987), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: potato cyst nematodes ; diapause ; artifical hatching ; controlled single matings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting De diapauze van aardappelcysteaaltjes kan worden omzeild door te voorkómen dat de cysten uitdrogen. Hiertoe worden de cysten opgekweekt op wortels van aard-appelspruiten in Petrischalen met wateragar of in potten en zorgvuldig vochtig gehouden. De larven worden uit de eieren gelokt door de cysten met een scalpel te halveren of zorgvuldig door te drukken zonder de eieren te beschadigen en deze vervolgens te incuberen in lokstof. Op deze wijze wordt ongeveer 40% van de cysteïnhoud gelokt. Deze behandeling heeft geen nadelige invloeden op de vitaliteit van de larven en de vrucht-baarheid van de hieruit ontwikkelde mannetjes en vrouwtjes. Dit geldt zowel voor eieren uit cysten opgekweekt in Petrischalen als die in potten. Op deze wijze is het mogelijk drie tot vijf generaties per jaar in potten te kweken en vijf tot zes generaties in Petrischalen.
    Notes: Abstract The diapause of potato cyst nematodes was bypassed by avoiding desiccation of the cysts. Larvae were artificially hatched by cutting the cysts in halves and subsequent incubation in potato root diffusate. Approximately 40% of the cyst content hatched. These treatments had no influence on viability and fecundity as ascertained by rearing nematodes in pots and on roots of sprouts grown on water agar in Petri dishes. With the artificial hatching procedure it is possible to produce five to six generations a year in Petri dishes and three to five generations in pots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02000561
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of allele specificity of comigrating AFLP markers to align genetic maps from different potato genotypes (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 255 (1997), S. 438-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Comparative mapping ; DNA markers ; Solanum tuberosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The allele specificity of AFLP markers was assessed in five relatively unrelated potato genotypes. To this end, two diploid mapping populations of potato, F1SH × RH and F1AM × RH, were analysed using four and six AFLP primer combinations, respectively, recently applied to the analysis of the genetically well characterized backcross population BC_C × E. The AFLP profiles of the five parents revealed 733 AFLP markers and, when identical primer combinations were used, 131 comigrating AFLP markers were identified. After construction of five parental maps, the genomic positions of these comigrating AFLP markers were compared and 117 markers (89%) which targeted the same genomic region were assumed to be homologous. Of these putative homologues, 20 markers, each cloned from at least two genotypes, were sequenced and 19 sets of amplification products were shown to be nearly identical. The number of AFLP markers previously mapped in population BC_C × E ranged from three to eleven per chromosome, which allowed a reliable assessment of chromosome numbers from individual linkage groups obtained in populations F1SH × RH and F1AM × RH. The high incidence of corresponding AFLP alleles was confirmed by using an additional set of five primer combinations. The 733 AFLP markers localized provide a valuable reference collection for future mapping studies in potato. As a consequence AFLP analysis may replace more laborious locus-specific marker techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050516
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Plantibodies’: a flexible approach to design resistance against pathogens (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 98 (1992), S. 183-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies ; single chain antibodies ; scFv ; potato cyst nematodes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Engineering resistance against various diseases and pests is hampered by the lack of suitable genes. To overcome this problem we started a research program aimed at obtaining resistance by transfecting plants with genes encoding monoclonal antibodies against pathogen specific proteins. The idea is that monoclonal antibodies will inhibit the biological activity of molecules that are essential for the pathogenesis. Potato cyst nematodes are chosen as a model and it is thought that monoclonal antibodies are able to block the function of the saliva proteins of this parasite. These proteins are, among others, responsible for the induction of multinucleate transfer cells upon which the nematode feeds. It is well documented that the ability of antibodies to bind molecules is sufficient to inactivate the function of an antigen and in view of the potential of animals to synthesize antibodies to almost any molecular structure, this strategy should be feasible for a wide range of diseases and pests. Antibodies have several desirable features with regard to protein engineering. The antibody (IgG) is a Y-shaped molecule, in which the domains forming the tips of the arms bind to antigen and those forming the stem are responsible for triggering effector functions (Fc fragments) that eliminate the antigen from the animal. Domains carrying the antigen-binding loops (Fv and Fab fragments) can be used separately from the Fc fragments without loss of affinity. The antigen-binding domains can also be endowed with new properties by fusing them to toxins or enzymes. Antibody engineering is also facilitated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A systematic comparison of the nucleotide sequence of more than 100 antibodies revealed that not only the 3′-ends, but also the 5′-ends of the antibody genes are relatively conserved. We were able to design a small set of primers with restriction sites for forced cloning, which allowed the amplification of genes encoding antibodies specific for the saliva proteins ofGlobodera rostochiensis. Complete heavy and light chain genes as well as single chain Fv fragments (scFv), in which the variable parts of the light (VL) and heavy chain (VH) are linked by a peptide, will be transferred to potato plants. A major challenge will be to establish a correct expression of the antibody genes with regard to three dimensional folding, assembly and intracellular location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974485
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and management of virulence genes in potato cyst nematodes (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 98 (1992), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Globodera rostochiensis ; G. pallida ; hybridoma ; PCR ; pathotypes ; RAPD ; 2D-gel electrophoresis ; virulence genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Efficient and accurate diagnostic assays are essential for the design and evaluation of control measures of the potato cyst nematodesGlobodera rostochiensis andG. pallida by means of resistance. The hybridoma technology and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offer in potential various possibilities to design such diagnostic tests for routine purposes. We set out to devise a refined advisory system based on biochemical assays by using the following stepwise approach. In the early 80's a research program was started to develop an immunoassay to differentiate the two sibling species of potato cyst nematodes. Species specific monoclonal antibodies were raised against nematode proteins which are thermostable, abundant and homologous, and which enable reliable species identification using single eggs. The second step to improve the management of virulence genes is aimed at discriminating groups of populations within a species (‘virulence groups’ or ‘pathotypes’). The concept is that the number of initial populations introduced from South America is limited and that numerous Dutch populations (‘secondary founders’) are closely related by descent. Biochemical characters revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) of polypeptides, PCR in combination with restriction enzyme digests and RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) will be used to delineate groups of populations. The final diagnostic assay will be based on PCR. One of the challenges will be to devise a manageable number of primers to recognize all distinct groups. The third research line is aimed at developing a PCR assay based on the virulence genes themselves. Genetic studies showed that virulence inG. rostochiensis towards the H1 resistance gene is inherited at a single locus and is recessive to avirulence. To identify molecular markers linked to the virulence gene, 300 virulent lines were selected via backcrossing the F1 (Aa) with the virulent (aa) parent line. Molecular differences between the parent lines were obtained by 2-DGE, RFLP's (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) and RAPD. Especially RAPD proved to be a valuable technique to construct a linkage map. Screening 80 primers (10-mer) resolved more than 120 markers. RAPD will eventually lead to flanking DNA sequences, which will be used to isolate and characterize the virulence gene. Sequence information of the virulence gene inG. rostochiensis for the H1 resistance gene can be used to devise primers for a PCR assay and may also provide a starting point to isolate other virulence genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974482
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