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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1996-06-03
    Print ISSN: 0031-6970
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1041
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Sodium fluoride ; Disodium monofluorophosphate; absolute bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; elderly population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The absolute bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of two fluoride formulations were investigated in 13 healthy volunteers, aged 61–70 years. Methods: The following formulations were administered, under fasting conditions, in a single-dose three-way cross-over design: tablets of 76 mg disodium monofluoro phosphate (MFP, equivalent to 10.0 mg F− ion), enteric-coated (e.c.) tablets of 25 mg sodium fluoride (NaFor, equivalent of 11.3 mg F− ion), and an isoosmotic aqueous injection solution (4 ml) of 22.1 mg sodium fluoride (NaFiv, equivalent of 10.0 mg F− ion). There was a wash-out period of at least one week between each administration. Blood was sampled before and during a 24-hour period after administration. For F− excretion urine was sampled 48 hours before (baseline) and over the 48 hours after the adminstration. Results: The mean t1/2 values of the three formulations were 8.3, 8.7 and 8.3 h for MFP, NaFor and NaFiv respectively, and were not significant different. Mean Cmax after MFP was significantly higher than after NaFor [344 vs 142 μg⋅l−1]. Mean tmax for MFP was shorter than for NaFor [1.1 vs 4.6 h]. MFP had significantly higher bioavailability [102.8%] than NaFor [64.2%]. Conclusion: The MFP formulation showed higher bioavailability with smaller variation than the NaFor formulation. MFP is preferable, therefore, for fluoride therapy in clinical practice, and changing from NaFor to MFP will require adjustment of the dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 1 (1979), S. 345-350 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting De toepassing van fysostigmine bij de behandeling van intoxicaties ten gevolge van geneesmiddelen die anticholinergische eigenschappen hebben, wordt aan de hand van literatuurgegevens besproken. Bij verschillende van deze middelen spelen bij intoxicaties behalve verstoring van de acetylcholine-huishouding nog andere pathofysiologische mechanismen een rol. Fysostigmine heeft op deze mechanismen soms geen of zelfs een ongunstige invloed. Gebaseerd op de thans bekende gegevens wordt de plaats van fysostigmine bij de behandeling van deze intoxicaties aangegeven.
    Notes: Abstract The use of physostigmine in the treatment of intoxications caused by anticholinergic drugs is discussed on the basis of the literature. In overdose many of these drugs do not only exert an anticholinergic action, but other pathophysiological actions too. Physostigmine sometimes has none or even an adverse influence on the latter. Based on today's knowledge the place of physostigmine in the treatment of these intoxications is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 14 (1992), S. 196-200 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Drug stability ; Glass ; Infusion pumps ; Polyethylene ; Polyvinyl chloride ; Sufentanil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of sufentanil citrate (100 ml, 5μg/ml) in an admixture with sodium chloride 0.9% injection was investigated when filled in a portable pump reservoir with PVC wall, a glass container and a polyethylene container, at 32°C, 4°C and −20°C for up to 21 days. No change in colour was visually observed in any of the samples during the 21-day storage period. A slight precipitation was noticed in three out of nine portable pump reservoirs, one at each storage temperature. There was a slight rise in pH at each storage temperature in all samples. There was approximately 13% loss of sufentanil citrate in the portable pump reservoirs stored at 32°C during 2 days and 60% loss after 21 days, due to absorption of sufentanil citrate in the reservoir wall. No loss of sufentanil citrate could be detected in the portable pump reservoirs when stored at −20°C and 4°C. However, a serious inhomogeneity of the sufentanil citrate solution occurred after thawing at room temperature in the portable pump reservoirs which had been kept at −20°C. The homogeneity could be restored by shaking for approximately 10 min. There was no change in the sufentanil citrate concentrations in the glass containers and polyethylene containers stored at the three temperatures. The portable pump reservoirs stored at 32°C also showed a significant loss of vehicle due to evaporation (1.0±0.1 ml a week). This could not be detected in any of the other samples.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Absorption ; Bupivacaine ; Compatibility ; Drug stability ; Drug therapy, combination ; Epidural administration ; Glucose ; Polyvinyl chloride ; Sufentanil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of sufentanil (5 μg/ml as citrate) in admixtures with glucose 5% or bupivacaine hydrochloride (2 mg/ml) in 100 ml polyvinyl chloride portable pump reservoirs was investigated during simulated infusion by an epidural catheter at 32°C for 48 h and during storage at 4°C and 32°C for 30 days. During both experiments a small decrease (〈5%) in concentration of sufentanil and bupivacaine was observed. No loss of sufentanil or bupivacaine could be detected (in both experiments) in the portable pump reservoirs when stored at 4°C for 30 days. A significant decrease of sufentanil was observed when stored at 32°C after 30 days when diluted with glucose (9.2%) or in combination with bupivacaine (8.9%); also, the bupivacaine concentration decreased significantly (4.7%). It is concluded that sufentanil in portable pump reservoirs can be used under patient conditions at 32°C for 7 days when diluted with glucose 5% or 3 days in combination with bupivacaine hydrochloride.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Absorption ; Buffer capacity ; Epidural administration ; Polyvinyl chloride ; Stability ; Storage ; Sufentanil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sufentanil (5μg/ml as citrate) was investigated for its stability when diluted with sodium chloride 0.9%, in 100 ml polyvinyl chloride portable pump reservoirs during administration under simulated epidural conditions at 32°C for 48 h. Sufentanil was absorbed into the polyvinyl chloride, resulting in a reduction of 10.9% of the concentration after 48 h. The absorption of sufentanil (5μg/ml as citrate), alone and in combination with bupivacaine hydrochloride (2 mg/ml), was investigated when diluted with sodium chloride 0.9% in combination with a citrate buffer (pH 4.6), in the same reservoirs under similar conditions. There was no loss of sufentanil after 48 h in both experiments. The effect of the pH on the absorption of sufentanil in polyvinyl chloride was investigated at different pH values. After storage for 21 days at 32°C there was 5.1% loss of sufentanil at pH 4 and 80.6% loss at pH 6. The citrate buffer at the optimum pH (4.6) has a low, acceptable buffer capacity for epidural administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 14 (1992), S. 23-26 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Drug stability ; Infusion pumps ; Morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stability of morphine hydrochloride in an admixture with sodium chloride 0.9% injection in a portable pump reservoir was investigated. Duplicate samples containing morphine hydrochloride 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mg/ml were stored in original 100 ml plastic drug reservoirs at 32 °C for 60 days. An amount of 3 ml was removed immediately after preparation and at fixed intervals in the weeks after. All samples were tested for loss of vehicle, for appearance of precipitation and for change in colour or pH. Furthermore, they were analysed for drug concentration using high pressure liquid chromatography. No precipitation or change in colour was observed in any of the sample admixtures. There was no change in the pH values of any of the morphine hydrochloride concentrations from day 4 and later on. Only between day 1 and day 4 a slight, but not significant rise could be detected. There was no loss of morphine hydrochloride of any importance at any concentration in the samples over 60 days when corrected for loss of vehicle. Loss of vehicle (0.8±0.1 ml a week), on the other hand, gave a rise in morphine hydrochloride concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 1 (1979), S. 1035-1039 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 11 (1989), S. 56-60 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Adsorption capacity ; Charcoal, activated ; Clearance enhancement ; Paracetamol ; Poisoning ; Theophylline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A practical, ready-to-use preparation of activated charcoal (AZU mixture) for application in toxicology has been formulated. Tb establish its efficacy, the formulation was testedin vitro and in dogs. Thein vitro adsorption capacity was compared to that of freshly prepared charcoal suspension in water (CW) and to Carbomix®. Langmuir adsorption coefficients demonstrated small but clinically insignificant differences in adsorption capacity between the preparations. The laxative sodium sulfate did not reduce the adsorption capacity of charcoalin vitro. Dogs were given 60 mg of paracetamol per kg as an oral solution followed by 5 g of activated charcoal preparation. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (control 2955±353 mg·min−1·1−1) was significantly reduced following CW (921±453) and AZU (786±270). The premixed AZU charcoal formulation is efficacious, inexpensive and overcomes the problems of bed-side preparation. An isolated vascularly perfused rat small intestine can be used to describe the effect of activated charcoal on the intestinal secretion of theophylline.
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