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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental factors during seed development of narrow-leaved bird's-foot-trefoil (Lotus tenuis) influences subsequent dormancy and germination (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Narrow-leaved bird's-foot-trefoil (Lotus tenuis) is a perennial forage legume adapted to waterlogged and heavy and infertile soils and can replace alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in areas with these soils in Argentina. Its seeds are hard and water-impermeable but the effects of environmental factors on seed dormancy and germination are not known. The objective was to evaluate the hypothesis that water availability during seed development and maturation affects the degree of hardseededness in L. tenuis by changing seed coat properties, conditioning water uptake through the seed coat; and subsequently affecting dormancy, germination and speed of germination. Seeds were harvested in December/January and in February in both 1993/1994 and 1994/1995 from a permanent pasture of L. tenuis growing in a Hapludol soil in San Miguel del Monte province of Buenos Aires. Environmental conditions of each anthesis-harvest period were determined. Seeds of each harvest were subjected to chilling, washing and mechanical scarification. After 12 months seeds from each harvest were observed in a scanning electron microscope. The water deficit of the soil and relative humidity were greater in the second than the first anthesis-harvest period in both seasons. In 1993/1994 the control treatment in December had a higher germination rate than the February control seeds (0·40 vs. 0·20) and a faster germination rate. Mechanical scarification and chilling significantly enhanced the germination rate (0·95) and its speed in seeds of both harvests. Low temperatures significantly enhanced germination rate, starting after 60 d for the seeds harvested in December, and 90 d for the seeds harvested in February. In 1994/1995 the results were similar but both the January and February control treatments had higher germination rates (0·60 vs. 0·40) than in the previous year. Seeds harvested in February were more dormant in both years. These differences could be explained by the conditions in February anthesis-harvest period in both years that could have hastened the natural dehydration process of seed, changing integument structure and enhancing its impermeability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00385.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herbage yield, tiller number and root system activity after defoliation of prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of defoliation upon root and shoot systems of prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl) were examined in both field and pot studies. The varieties used were 78–32 (HY), a high-yielding variety; 79–42 (LY), a low-yielding variety; and the commercial variety Grasslands Matua. In the field, the presence of roots in early and late spring was estimated by measuring uptake of [32P]phosphate by roots; herbage yields and tiller numbers were recorded. In a pot study, root and shoot dry-matter (DM) yields were analysed. In the field, roots were detected to a depth of 1·2 m. After defoliation to a height of 0·1 m, root presence decreased more than 50% at depths of 0·6 m for LY and 1·0 m for Matua in early spring and at several depths for each variety in late spring. After a second defoliation, the apparent growth rate of shoots decreased by 35% in relation to the first regrowth period. In pots, shoot DM and root DM of control plants (undefoliated) had the following allometric relationship of the form: In (shoot DM) = 0·61 + 1·14 ln (root DM) (r2= 0·81). After defoliation, compared with undefoliated controls, the relative growth rate of shoots and total herbage yields were higher, but root and stubble DM were lower in all three varieties. Pooled root DM means were 10·3 and 6·8 g plant−1 and pooled stubble DM means were 12·7 and 7·6 g plant−1 for control and defoliated plants respectively. HY produced heavier tillers than LY, pooled means being 0·94 and 0·53 g DM tiller−1 (field study) and 3·44 and 2·05 g DM tiller−1 (pot study) for HY and LY respectively. HY had 5–6 green leaves per tiller, whereas LY had 3–4. Developed green leaves were heavier in HY (58 g m−2) than in LY (48 g m−2). It is suggested that differences in both leaf parameters may be related to higher herbage yields for HY than LY.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.1997.00053.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping antixenosis genes on chromosome 6A of wheat to greenbug and to a new biotype of Russian wheat aphid (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 124 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Greenbug and Russian wheat aphid (RWA) are two devastating pests of wheat. The first has a long history of new biotype emergence and recently. RWA resistance has just started to break down. Thus, it is necessary to find new sources of resistance that will broaden the genetic base against these pests in wheat. Seventy-five doubled haploid recombinant (DHR) lines for chromosome 6A from the F1 of the cross between “Chinese Spring’ and the “Chinese Spring (Synthetic 6A) (Triticum dicoccoides × Aegilops tauschii)” substitution line were used as a mapping population for testing resistance to greenbug biotype C and to a new strain of RWA that appeared in Argentina in 2003. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) (br antixenosis to greenbug was significantly associated with the marker loci Xgwm1009 and Xgwm1185 located in the centromere region of chromosome 6A. Another QTL which accounted for most of the antixenosis against RWA was associated with the marker loci Xgwm1291 and Xiinni1150. both located on the long arm of chromosome 6A. This is the first report of greenbug and RWA resistance genes located on chromosome 6A. It is also the first report of antixenosis against the new strain of RWA. As most of the RWA resistance genes present in released cultivars have been located in [he D-genome, it is highly desirable to find new sources in other genomes to combine the existing resistance genes with new sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01082.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal effects in the endogenous contents of non-structural carbohydrates and proteins measured in wheat substitution lines (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In hexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), little work has been carried out to study the genetic control of the synthesis of reduced, non-reduced and total non-structural carbohydrates and soluble proteins in aerial and rooting structures. The aim of this paper was to determine the chromosomal location of genes determining carbohydrate and protein synthesis that could be used for diagnostic selection in segregating breeding populations. A set of wheat intervarietal chromosome substitution lines [‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) × synthetic wheat (Triticum diccocoides×Aegilops squarrosa) (Syn)], was used. Plants were cultivated in hydroponic solutions to the fully expanded third leaf stage. Carbohydrate and protein contents and dry matter were determined for aerial and root parts. The root dry weight did not show significant differences between the parental varieties and the substitution lines, except for 5A, 2B and 6B, which had significantly lower dry weights. The aerial dry weight was significantly higher for Syn and the 2A substitution line. The ratio aerial dry weight/root dry weight was significantly higher in Syn, 1A, 2A and 4B. The protein content of the plant showed highly significant differences between both parental lines but 6A and 1D of the substitution lines showed highly significant differences, with contents as high as that for Syn. Syn produced significantly lower total aerial carbohydrates. The substitution lines 2A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 2B, 3D, 5D and 6D showed highly significant total carbohydrate content increases in the aerial parts compared with both parental lines. The non-reduced carbohydrate contents showed a pattern similar to that of the total carbohydrates. Syn had a lower reduced carbohydrate content than CS. Only the 5A, 2B, and 1D substitution lines had a highly significantly different content of reduced carbohydrates than CS. In roots, Syn produced the lowest values for every type of sugar. The highest significant values for total carbohydrates were found in substitution lines 2B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 1D and 6D. The non-reduced carbohydrate levels were significantly higher than CS in 2B, 5B, 6B and 6D substitution lines. Only the substitution lines 3B and 1D showed a significantly higher reduced carbohydrate content in roots compared with CS. The photoassimilate partitioning in Syn, 1 A, 2A and 4B favoured the aerial parts but, in contrast, higher partitioning to the roots was found in the 7B, 1D and 3D substitution lines. Both groups appear to carry interesting patterns worth incorporating in wheat cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00692.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping quantitative trait loci in wheat for resistance against greenbug and Russian wheat aphid (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Breeding for genetic resistance against greenbug and Russian wheat aphid (RWA) is the most effective way of controlling these widespread pests in wheat. Earlier work had shown that chromosome 7D of a synthetic hexaploid wheat, ‘Synthetic’ (T. dicoccoides × Ae. squarrosa) (AABB × DD) gave resistance when transferred into the genetic background of an aphid-susceptible cultivar, ‘Chinese Spring’, as the recipient. To map the genes involved, a set of 103 doubled haploid recombinant substitution lines was obtained from crossing the 7D substitution line with the recipient, and used to determine the number and chromosomal location of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling antixenosis and antibiosis types of resistance. Antixenosis to RWA was significantly associated with marker loci Xpsr687 on 7DS, and Xgwm437 on 7DL. Antibiosis to greenbug was associated with marker loci Xpsr490, Rc3 (on 7DS), Xgwm44, Xgwm111, Xgwm437, Xgwm121 and D67 (on 7DL). Similarly, antibiosis to RWA was linked to loci Xpsr490, Rc3, Xgwm44, Xgwm437 and Xgwm121. At least two QTL in repulsion phase, one close to the centromere either on the 7DS or 7DL arms, and a second distal on 7DL could explain antibiosis to RWA and, partially, this mechanism against greenbug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.00995.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of night temperature and photoperiod on growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation inLotus tenuis (1989)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 5 (1989), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Lotus tenuis a été inoculé avecRhizobium spp. et mis à croître aux trois températures nocturnes, de 17, 21, et 27°C et à deux photo-périodes pour chaque température: des jours courts (SD) de 8 heures de lumière et des jours longs (LD) de 16 heures de lumière. La température nocturne exerce un effet davantage marqué sur la répartition de la matière sèche que sur l'accumulation totale de la matière sèche. La surface foliaire augmente dans le cas des LD bien que l'on trouve moins d'azote par unité de surface foliaire. Dans le cas des SD, de plus grands nombres de feuilles pourraient être liés à un effet de longueur de jours sous dominance apicale, c'est-à-dire en banchement, résultant donc dans la croissance d'une plus grande couronne. La nodulation et la fixation d'azote sont plus grandes dans le cas des SD bien que l'activité spécifique des nodules soit la même, indépendamment des conditions environnementales de croissance. On peut en conclure que le meileur moment de plantation pourLotus tenuis serait l'automne lorsque les jours raccourcissent et que la température est plus basse.
    Notes: Summary Lotus tenuis was inoculated withRhizobium spp. and grown at three different night temperatures (17, 21 and 27°C) and at two different photoperiods for each temperature: short days (SD) of 8-h light and long days (LD) of 16-h light. Night temperature exerted a stronger effect on dry-matter partitioning than of total dry-matter accumulation. Leaf area increased under LD though less N per leaf area was found. A greater number of leaves under SD might be linked to a day-length effect upon apical dominance and hence on branching, thus resulting in a greater crown growth. Nodulation and nitrogen fixation was greater under SD though specific nodule activity was the same regardless of the environmental conditions of growth. It can be concluded that the best planting time forLotus tenuis would be in the autumn when the days are shortening and the temperature is lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01741839
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of soil solarization to improve growth of eucalyptus forest nursery seedlings in Argentina (2000)
    Springer
    New forests 20 (2000), S. 235-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: damping-off ; inoculum potential ; native ectomycorrhizae population ; soil nitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Damping-off and root rot are major diseases affectingseedlings of Eucalyptus species in forestnurseries in temperate regions in Argentina. The mostcommon fungi associated with these diseases andaffecting the vigor of the root system are Fusarium and Pythium species. Two forestnursery experiments were conducted in the province ofBuenos Aires, Argentina, to determine the effect ofsoil solarization on growth of Eucalyptusviminalis seedlings and relate this effect to thepresence of pathogenic and native ectomycorrhizaepopulations in roots and nutrient availability insoil. Changes in populations of soilborne pathogenswere determined by a bioassay that relates theirpotential to induce disease. Changes in nativeectomycorrhizae were assesed by measuring colonizationlevels in roots. Nutrient availability was determinedby the amount of nitrates released by solarization.Solar heating decreased pathogenic and ectomycorrhizalinoculum potential and increased soil nitrates.Seedling growth in solarized seedbeds may be relatedto a low initial pathogenic population and/or toincreases in nitrate availability. Solarization mayinduce soil suppressiveness against re-establishmentof major seedling pathogens in treated soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006779308611
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