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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Several sites with anomalous emissions of carbon dioxide were investigated in the region south of Mt. Etna volcano in order to assess the types of emission (focused and/or diffuse), their surface extension and the total output of CO2. Most of the studied emissions are located on the southwest boundary of Mt. Etna, near the town of Paternò. They consist of three mud volcanoes (known as Salinelle), one spring with bubbling gas (Acqua Grassa) and one area of diffuse degassing (Peschería). Another site (Naftía Lake) with remarkable gas emissions (bubbling gas into a lake as well as adjacent areas of diffuse soil degassing) is located further southwest of Mt. Etna in an area of extinct Quaternary volcanism on the northwest margin of Hyblean Mts. In all of these areas the origin of the highest CO2 emissions is clearly magmatic, and degassing to the atmosphere occurs mostly through tectonic structures, probably at a regional scale. The magmatic source that feeds anomalous degassing in the above areas is likely to be the same that feeds volcanic activity at Mt. Etna. Focused degassing was measured at each emission vent using devices that measure the air speed, whereas diffuse soil degassing was measured using the accumulation chamber method. In total, 712 measurements were carried out (146 in focused degassing vents, 566 on diffuse degassing areas). Single CO2 output values ranged from 1.8 10−5 to 1.68 kg s−1. In the case of diffuse degassing areas, statistical analyses allowed to discriminate between biogenic CO2 and CO2 deriving from a magmatichydrothermal source. Only the efflux values from the latter source were considered in the output estimates. The total estimated output thus obtained was about 2.61 kg s−1, relevant to a total surface of about 146,500 m2 (which includes only the magmatic CO2 emissions). This value is comparable with that of most non-volcanic emissions from geothermal and/or faulted areas of centralsouthern Italy, as well with the CO2 output from some of the volcanic areas of Italy.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia; Dipartimento per la Protezione Civile.
    Description: Published
    Description: 46–63
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; mud volcanoes ; soil CO2 effluxes ; magmatic degassing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The EQ3/6 software package, version 7.2 was successfully used to model scrubbing of magmatic gas by pure water at 0.1 MPa, in the liquid and liquid-plus-gas regions. Some post-calculations were necessary to account for gas separation effects. In these post-calculations, redox potential was considered to be fixed by precipitation of crystalline a-sulfur, a ubiquitous and precocious process. As geochemical modeling is constrained by conservation of enthalpy upon water-gas mixing, the enthalpies of the gas species of interest were reviewed, adopting as reference state the liquid phase at the triple point. Our results confirm that significant emissions of highly acidic gas species (SO2(g), HCl(g), and HF(g)) are prevented by scrubbing, until dry conditions are established, at least locally. Nevertheless important outgassing of HCl(g) can take place from acid, HCl-rich brines. Moreover, these findings support the rule of thumb which is generally used to distinguish SO2-, HCl-, and HF-bearing magmatic gases from SO2-, HCl-, and HF-free hydrothermal gases.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: magmatic gas ; magma degassing ; hydrothermalsystem ; crater lake ; meteoric water ; scrubbing ; reaction path modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 1092009 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Chromosomes ; crustacea ; Idotea baltica ; isopod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two mediterranean populations ofIdotea baltica basteri from Messina and Naples showed a set of chromosomes composed by 58 all-biarmed chromosomes. The heterochromatin was located in the pericentromeric region of the chromosomes, and its composition appeared heterogeneous. In fact, not all the homologs showed heterochromatin resistant to digestion with three restriction enzymes (Alu I, Hae III and Sau 3A). Moreover, the two populations showed polymorphism in a band of G+C-rich telomeric heterochromatin, which was present only in the population from Messina. It is hypothesized that chromosomal polymorphism might reflect the geographical isolation of the two populations. It is also suggested that a process of diversification is taking place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 2 (1965), S. 197-205 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Frage wird aufgeworfen, inwiefern man aus der Statistik der Impulsfolgen bei Spontanaktivität einzelner Neurone auf die Funktionscharakteristik des Neurons selbst und auf die Art seiner Einschaltung in das Nervennetz schließen kann. Die Untersuchung der Verteilung der Intervalle verschiedener Dauer zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Aktionspotentialen von Purkinjezellen des Froschkleinhirns ergibt, in Übereinstimmung mit den von anderen Autoren bei anderen Neuronentypen erhobenen Befunden, zwei Arten von Histogrammen: einerseits unimodale, vorwiegend bei Neuronen mit höherer Impulsfrequenz, andererseits bi- und trimodale, vorwiegend bei niedriger Impulsfrequenz. Die Form der unimodalen Verteilungen läßt, unter Annahme einer Gaußschen Verteilung der Erregungsniveaus im Eingang des Neurons, die sich aus der Summation einer großen Anzahl voneinander unabhängiger afferenter Erregungen ergibt, auf einen nichtlinearen Zusammenhang zwischen Erregungsniveaus und Dauer der Intervalle schließen; die unsymmetrische Verteilung der Intervalle wäre demnach als eine Verzerrung der statistisch gegebenen symmetrischen Verteilung der Erregungsniveaus zu verstehen. Diese Erklärung hat den Vorteil, kontinuierlich zu den bei niedriger Impulsfrequenz beobachteten unregelmäßigen Verteilungen überzuleiten, die sich einfach aus dem Zusammenbruch der statistischen Regelmäßigkeit im Falle von einer geringen Anzahl aktiver Fasern im Eingang ergeben. Die Untersuchung von Korrelationen innerhalb der Impulsfolgen mit Hilfe einer Verzögerungs- und Koinzidenzschaltung ergibt scharfe Maxima der Impulswahrscheinlichkeit als Funktion des zeitlichen Abstands von vorhergehenden Impulsen. Da diese Autokorrelogramme bei verschiedenen Neuronen derselben Art (Purkinjezellen des Froschkleinhirns) verschiedene Verläufe zeigen, wird zu ihrer Erklärung weniger eine Eigenschaft des Einzelneurons (Schwellenänderung nach em Aktionspotential) herangezogen, als die Rückwirkung des eurons auf sich selbst auf dem Umweg über andere Neurone es Nervennetzes. Die Korrelation zwischen Impulsreihen in erschiedenen Neuronen desselben Nervennetzes, die auf Grund ieser Annahme zu erwarten ist, wird in einigen Beispielen uch gefunden, wovon eines im Anhang gezeigt wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: simvastatin ; plasma lipids ; plasma glucose ; glucose turnover ; diabetes mellitus ; non-insulin dependend diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve elderly non-insulin dependent diabetic patients took part in a double-blind, cross-over, randomized study comparing simvastatin 30 mg/day and placebo. Each treatment period lasted 3 weeks and was separated by a 3 week wash-out period. At the end of each treatment period all subjects underwent in randomized order an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g) and an euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic (50 mU/kg·h) glucose clamp. Simvastatin compared to placebo significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol (7.9 vs 5.3 mmol·l−1), LDL-cholesterol (7.2 vs 4.3 mmol·l−1), triglycerides (2.9 vs 2.1 mmol·l−1), free fatty acids (1106 vs 818 mmol−1) and glucose (7.4 vs 6.6 mmol·l−1) levels. After simvastatin, and in the last 60 min of the glucose clamp, there was an improvement in the action of insulin as demonstrated by stronger inhibition of hepatic glucose output (2.7 vs 5.2 μmol·kg−1·min−1) and stimulation both of the glucose disappearance rate (26.3 vs 19.5 μmol·kg−1·min−1) and glucose metabolic clearance rate (4.3 vs 3.6 ml·kg−1·min−1). The changes in glucose turnover parameters were significantly correlated with basal plasma free fatty acids and were independent of plasma glucoregulatory hormones. In conclusion, simvastatin seems to exert beneficial effects both on lipid and glucose metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Insulin action ; Hypertension ; whole body glucose disposal ; skeletal muscle blood flow ; membrane microviscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fourteen hypertensive (174.3/98.3 mmHg) non-diabetic patients were given a euglyceamic glucose clamp along with infusion of 0.9% NaCl and the prostacyclin (PGI2) analogue Iloporst (0.7 ng · kg · min−1). Substrate oxidation was also determined by indirect calorimetry. Over the last 60 min of the clamp, Iloprost vs saline improved whole body glucose disposal (WBGD) (35 vs 28.3 μmol · kg−1 LBM) and non-oxidative glucose metabolism (24.7 vs 18.1 μmol · kg−1 LBM · min−1). Iloprost delivery was associated with a significant decrease in membrane microviscosity (0.253 vs 0.205), but did not affect arterial blood pressure and heart rate. In nine patients, skeletal muscle blood flow (SMBF) and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) were also studied. At the end of the study, despite a similar SMBF (37 vs 38 ml · min−1 · kg−1), GU (0.55 vs 0.46 mmol · 1−1) was significantly increased by Iloprost infusion. Percentage decrease in membrane microviscosity was correlated with percentage increase in WBGD (r=0.65) and non-oxidative glucose metabolism (r=0.68). In conclusion, low-dose Iloprost infusion improves insulin action and non-oxidative glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A series of Ni51.4Mn28.3Ga20.3 films sputter-deposited on Si(100) wafer (with 500 nmthick buffer layer of SiNx) and annealed at 800 oC for 1h. are investigated with respect to theirtransformation behavior and magnetic properties. The film thickness, d, varies from 0.1 to 5.0 μm.Resistivity measurements reveal martensitic transformation above room temperature for all the filmsexcept for 0.1μm-thick film which is transforming at much lower temperature. The magneticcharacteristics of martensitic films such as susceptibility and anisotropy field extracted from the inplaneand out-of-plane magnetization curves show film thickness dependence likewise Curietemperature obtained from the resistivity curves. The surface topography and micromagneticstructure are studied by scanning probe microscopy. A stripe magnetic domain pattern featuring alarge out-of-plane magnetization component is found in the films. The domain width, δ, depends onthe film thickness, d, as δ ~ d
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1851-1856 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Magnetization curves ; Meissner effect ; penetration depth ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The field-cooled d.c. susceptibility of granular superconductors is studied by means of simple Josephson-junction array models. It is shown that a paramagnetic behaviour after field cooling for these systems, for certain ranges of the applied field, is a natural consequence of their topological structure and of the presence of weak superconducting coupling between grains. In this way, the recently detected positive field-cooled d.c. susceptibility is interpreted by means of a traditional Josephson-junction network approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 2095-2102 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Proximity effects, tunneling phenomena, and Josephson effects ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The current status of the electronic applications of high-T c Josephson junctions is briefly reviewed. Recent results obtained by the authors on devices employing step-edge junctions are reported. In particular the design of a microwave oscillator based on a parallel array of junctions is discussed and preliminary experimental results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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