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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycoparasitic relationships (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 111 (1977), S. 207-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Host-parasite relationships ; Ultrastructure ; Papillae ; Infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mode of attack and the infection structures of the necrotrophic mycoparasite, Pythium acanthicum, as well as the responses of various fungal hosts to parasitism were studied using both electron and light microscopy. Many taxonomically distinct fungal hosts were used, though Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and a basidiomycete identified as Corticium sensu lato were studied in greatest detail. Parasitism was by direct penetration of the fungal host without appressorium formation by the parasite. The host's cells responded to contact by P. acanthicum by forming papillae. The morphological features of the papillae varied with the particular host. In P. blakesleeanus they were comprised of vesicles and segments of cytoplasm entrapped in a fibrillo-granular matrix, while in R. solani and the Corticium basidiomycete they contained considerable amounts of electron-opaque and electron-translucent material. Evidence for both mechanical and enzymatic penetration of the host fungi by the parasite are presented. Details of host wall and septum penetration by the parasite are presented using time-lapse light microscopy with in vivo systems. Many of these stages of parasitism were examined ultrastructurally. Some comparisons of these mycoparasitic relationships are discussed in relation to what is known from the literature about phytoparasitic interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00549358
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cytology of the gametes and fertilization of Allomyces macrogynus (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Allomyces ; Gametes ; Fertilization ; Membrane fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gametes and the process of fertilization were examined by light and electron microscopy in the lower eukaryote Allomyces macrogynus. Differences in gamete morphology included the overall larger size and the presence of a larger nuclear apparatus, along with the association of a side-body complex and many more mitochondria in the female gamete. In this species of Allomyces, fertilization was initiated by contact and fusion of specialized regions of the gamete plasma membranes resulting in a binucleate fusion cell surrounded by plasma membrane contributed by both partners. Following plasmogamy, nuclear fusion was initiated by multiple nuclear membrane contacts between adjacent outer membranes. Following inner membrane fusion, small nucleoplasmic bridges were observed which presumably fused with one another and resulted in a single bridge which widened, forming the mature diploid nucleus. After karyogamy, fusion of the nuclear caps did not always occur and zygotes with and without fused caps were observed. Coalescence of the nucleoli completed the events of fertilization, forming a zygote with a single nuclear apparatus (sometimes with two caps) and two flagella. These observations are discussed in relation to fertilization mechanisms and compared to fertilization in other organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425108
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell wall composition and synthesis via Golgi-directed scale formation in the marine eucaryote, Schizochytrium aggregatum, with a note on Thraustochytrium sp. (1973)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 90 (1973), S. 89-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell walls of Schizochytrium aggregatum and Thraustochytrium sp. were mechanically isolated and subjected to chemical analysis. On a dry weight basis the cell walls contain 21–36% carbohydrate and 30–43% protein. The principal sugar (〉95%) of the Schizochytrium wall is l-galactose, while the Thraustochytrium cell wall contains l-galactose, d-galactose and xylose with l-galactose predominating. Ultrastructurally the cell walls of both organisms consist of a laminated structure which yields thin, flexible, nearly circular scales (0.5–1.1 μ in diameter) upon sonic disintegration. Structures presumed to be developing wall scales are found within cisternae of the Golgi apparatus in both organisms. The chemical composition and method of formation of the cell wall in these two protists is distinctly different from that found in the Saprolegniales (Oomycetes), the group with which these organisms have hitherto been aligned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414512
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acid immobilization of fungal motile cells (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 78 (1971), S. 92-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 0.2 M mixture of L-leucine and L-lysine, a pair of amino acids which Machlis (1969) had shown could attract the zoospores of Allomyces in much lower concentrations, was found to immobilize zoospores by stopping flagellar motion. While the age of the spores does not affect the response to the amino acid mixture, the time for 100% immobilization does increase with increasing numbers of spores. Viability of the spores is not altered by treatment with the mixture of L-leucine and L-lysine and subsequent germling development is highly synchronized. Several other amino acid mixtures had a similar effect upon the Allomyces' flagellum. Indeed, L-lysine by itself seems to be the most effective compound tested. Immobilization of flagella in other fungi, algae, and one protozoan was also caused by treatment with L-leucine and L-lysine. Nothing is known of the mechanism of action of this amino acid treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409091
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell wall structure of the marine fungus, Atkinsiella dubia (1969)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 68 (1969), S. 295-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell walls of the marine Oomycete, Atkinsiella dubia were prepared and an analysis of the wall constituents was made. The walls contained approximately 80% polysaccharides and 14% proteins along with small quantities of lipid and ash. The carbohydrate fraction was composed primarily of glucan along with 1.8% glucosamine and a trace of galactosamine. An analysis of the amino acid composition of the protein fraction showed the presence of 18 identified amino acids including a surprisingly high (20% of total amino acids) hydroxyproline content. The polysaccharide fractions of the wall were mostly glucans with solubility properties similar to those reported for other Oomycetes. As anticipated, the glucans of mechanically isolated walls were virtually identical to those prepared from chemically isolated walls. The minor glucan component, cellulose, was found to occur in the form of poorly crystalline cellulose I As expected, electron microscopy of wall specimens showed microfibrillar and amorphous regions. It was stressed that Atkinsiella walls, like those of other Oomycetes, contain large quantities of β-1→3 and β-1→6 linked glucan along with a smaller amount of cellulose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408856
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Severe Outbreak of Ectoparasitism Due to Epistylis sp. in Pond-Reared Orconectid Crayfish (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 24 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1993.tb00159.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of chytridiomycete and oomycete zoospores using spray-freeze fixation (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 191 (1996), S. 84-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Blastocladiella ; Chytridium ; Cryofixation ; Freeze-substitution ; Monoblepharella ; Phytophthora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of zoospores of several zoosporic fungi was examined using a modified cryofixation technique. An atomizer was used to spray a zoospore suspension into the cold propane reservoir of a conventional plunge freeze-substitution apparatus. Spray-freeze fixation and freeze-substitution of zoospores porvided better fixation of vacuolar structures, membranes and the extracellular coat than that obtained with chemical fixation. The overall shape of cryofixed spores was closer to that seen in living zoospores. Two types of vacuoles were seen in cryofixed zoospores ofMonoblepharella andChytridium. One type of vacuole contained electron-opaque material within the lumen while the other type had no visible internal material in the lumen and appeared to be part of the water expulsion vacuole complex. Coated pits and coated vesicles were observed associated with both the water expulsion vacuoles and the plasma membrane inMonoblepharella andPhytophthora, suggesting that endocytosis of the plasma membrane and expulsion vacuoles is part of membrane recycling during osmoregulatory events. An extracellular coat was seen on the outer surface of cryofixed zoospores ofMonoblepharella sp.,Chytridium confervae andPhytophthora palmivora without the use of carbohydrate-specific stains. The spray-freeze method gave good and reproducible fixation of the wall-less spores in quantities greater than those obtained in previously described zoospore cryofixation studies. The technique is potentially useful for cell suspensions in that freeze damage from excess water is limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01280828
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubule-kinetosome relationships in the motile cells of the Blastocladiales (1968)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 87 (1968), S. 526-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Motile cells of four members of the fungal order Blastocladiales have been examined with respect to distribution of intracellular microtubules. In all cases, the cellular microtubules originate from a sleeve of electron opaque material which surrounds the proximal third of the kinetosome. The microtubules run forward in the zoospores, ensheathing the nucleus and the nuclear cap before terminating at the anterior ends of the cells. Each cell contains 27 microtubules which are arranged in 9 groups of 3 tubules each. The significance of these observations with respect to centers of organization for microtubules is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325583
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  • 9
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    Microtubule-kinetosome relationships in the motile cells of the Blastocladiales (1968)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1968-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Cell wall composition and synthesis via Golgi-directed scale formation in the marine eucaryote, Schizochytrium aggregatum, with a note on Thraustochytrium sp. (1973)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-9276
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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