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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation of hot-drawn poly(butylene terephthalate) films as determined from the intrinsic polarized fluorescence (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 25 (1992), S. 6190-6194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00049a016
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonequilibrium Phase Morphology of Thin Poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) Films (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 1912-1916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00006a016
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical simulation of the surface hardening of steel (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    International journal of numerical methods for heat & fluid flow 9 (1999), S. 705-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0961-5539
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We discuss a model that is capable of describing the solid-solid phase transitions in steel. It consists of a system of ordinary differential equations for the volume fractions of the occuring phases coupled with a nonlinear energy balance equation to take care of the latent heats of the phase changes. This model is applied to simulate surface heat treatments, which play an important role in the manufacturing of steel. Two different technologies are considered: laser and induction hardening. In the latter case the model has to be extended by Maxwell's equations. Finally, we present numerical simulations of laser and induction hardening applied to the steel 42CrMo4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09615539910286042
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical simulation of induction hardening of steel (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Compel 18 (1999), S. 482-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0332-1649
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: We discuss a model that is capable of describing the process of induction hardening of steel: induction heating - heat transfer - solid-solid phase transitions in steel. It consists of a reduced system of Maxwell's equations, the heat transfer eqaution and a system of ordinary differential equations for the volume fractions of the occuring phases. The model is applied to simulate surface heat treatments, which play an important role in the manufacturing of steel. The numerical methods are implemented with tools from pdelib, a collection of modular algorithms. We present numerical simulations of surface hardening applied to the steel 42 CrMo 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321649910275161
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the microemulsion-polymerization of acrylamide by time resolved fluorescence (1998)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 40 (1998), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The polymerization of acrylamide in an inverse microemulsion has been studied by time resolved fluorescence measurements. The reaction was initiated by thermal and by photochemical decomposition of the initiator AIBN. A decrease of the fluorescence lifetime of the probe molecule pyrenetetrasulfonic acid sodium salt was observed. In case of the photochemically initiated reaction two distinct lifetimes could be separated. The corresponding pre-exponential factors showed a good correlation with the gravimetrically obtained conversion. During the thermally initiated polymerization the fluorescence decays as well as the intensity of the scattered light were measured on-line and analyzed by a mono-exponential decay law.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050242
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Latex characterization by atomic force microscopyDedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr.-Ing. E. H. Hansjörg Sinn on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 310-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ways, benefits and limitations of extracting the form and size of single latex particles or particle size distributions out of the surface topography of non-coalesced latex films obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) are discussed. The general ways to generate the desired information out of topographical information in terms of height, surface curvature and lateral extensions are shown for idealized particles and measurement conditions. The different sources of information are evaluated for practical use and the analysis of particle size distributions is demonstrated by practical examples. The information content in lateral particle dimensions is shown to be the most advantageous for practical use.Determination of latex particle size distributions by AFM is shown to be an interesting alternative to the arsenal of available methods with respect to exactness of results, time consummation and instrumentation costs.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270180504
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of emulsion polymerizations to study the local dynamics in the polymerizing particlesDedicated to Prof. W. Heitz on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 771-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An on-line time-resolved fluorescence technique is applied to study local dynamics in polymer particles during an emulsifier-free heterogeneous polymerization. The polymerization of styrene in the aqueous phase, initiated with a polymeric initiator (hydrolyzed propene-maleic acid copolymer with tert-butyl perester groups) was chosen as an illustrative system. To analyze the heterogeneous reaction pyrenyl probes were attached to the backbone of the initiator. Within the end phase of the polymerization an increase of fluorescence lifetime and intensity was observed. Fluorescence quenching experiments of the photo excited pyrene with dibenzoyl peroxide in toluene proved that the perester groups act as quencher. The calculated quenching constant points out that the quenching reaction is diffusion controlled. The also investigated bulk polymerization of styrene with dibenzoyl peroxide as initiator and pyrene as fluorophore showed that a change of the quenching probability at the gel point is responsible for a fluorescence lifetime and intensity enhancement. The emulsion polymerization showed the gel effect, too, although the macro-initiator forms a shell around the polystyrene core. At the gel point the chain mobility is reduced so that the encounter probability of pyrenyl and perester groups is limited. Despite the turbidity of the reaction mixture, fluorescence techniques allow to study the dynamics in the polymerizing particles.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass transition temperatures of styrene/4-bromostyrene copolymers (1983)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 4 (1983), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1983.030040207
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exoemission of polymers induced by deformation and fracture: High density polyethylene (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 2241-2250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The deformation-induced exoemission of high density polyethylene stressed uniaxially is a true, intrinsic polymer property, i.e., not resulting from other experimental parameters, e.g., atmospheric gases, adsorbed layers, surface charges, and other extrinsic influences. The processes which originate tribostimulated exoemission are irreversible and depend strongly on the deformation ratio. The occurrence of exoemission is correlated with molecular fracture processes. The energy distribution of the emitted negatively charged particles exhibits a narrow maximum in the range of 5 to 15 eV (8·10-19 to 24·10-19 J).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880921
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferential solvation of polystyrene by an excimer-forming fluorophore in the system polystyrene/cyclohexaneDedicated to Prof. Dr. H.-J. Cantow on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 1057-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Fluorescence spectroscopy is used to study the preferential solvation of the polymer and the mobility of the fluorophore in the highly diluted ternary system polystyrene/ethyl 1-naphthoate/cyclohexane under theta-conditions. The ratio of the excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity Iexc/Imon of the fluorophore is correlated with the concentration and the mobility of the fluorophore in the two phases, inside and outside the polymer coil; the limits of this model are discussed in detail. In the selected system preferential solvation increases the Iexc/Imon ratio whereas the reduced mobility of the fluorophore inside the coil acts in the opposite manner. The model allows to calculate the distribution coefficient K for the distribution of the fluorophore between the two phases and the ratio q of the mobilities for the fluorophore in the two phases. The values of K obtained indicate a strong preferential solvation of polystyrene by the ethyl 1-naphthoate fluorophore. The mobility ratio q depends on the molar mass of the polymer in such a way that it reflects segmental density.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1989.021900514
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