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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cumulus dynamics: Local compensating subsidence and its implications for cumulus parameterization (1975)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 851-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations of air flow in and around convective clouds are summarized and discussed in light of the requirements for parameterization of midlatitude convection. Both theory and observation indicate that a substantial portion of the compensating subsidence occurs as dry downdrafts in the immediate vicinity of convective clouds, which suggests that an additional physical mechanism is necessary in linking convection to the large scale. A conceptual three-dimensional model of midlatitude organized convection along with its implications for parameterization, particularly in mesoscale modeling, is presented. The effects of moist downdrafts are also considered and some differences between midlatitude and tropical convection are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01592963
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration-dependent modulations of potassium and calcium currents of rat osteoblastic cells by arachidonic acid (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 138 (1994), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: K+ current ; Ca2+ current ; Arachidonic acid ; Osteoblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We show that the voltage-gated K+ and Ca2+ currents of rat osteoblastic cells are strongly modulated by arachidonic acid (AA), and that these modulations are very sensitive to the AA concentration. At 2 or 3 μm, AA reduces the amplitude and accelerates the inactivation of the K+ current activated by depolarization; at higher concentrations (≥5 μm), AA still blocks this K+ current, but also induces a very large noninactivating K+ current. At 2 or 3 μm, AA enhances the T-type Ca2+ current, close to its threshold of activation, whereas at 10 μm, it blocks that current. AA (1–10 μm) also blocks the dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type Ca2+ current. Thus, the effect of AA on Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels can change qualitatively with the AA concentration: at 2 or 3 μm, AA will favor Ca2+ entry through T channels, both by lowering the voltage-gated K+ conductance and by increasing the T current, whereas at 10 μm, AA will prevent Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, both by inducing a K+ conductance and by blocking Ca2+ channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232644
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation by hyperpolarization and atypical osmosensitivity of a Cl− current in rat osteoblastic cells (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 140 (1994), S. 173-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Cl− current ; Hyperpolarization-activated ; Osmosensitivity ; Mechanosensitivity ; Osteoblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract During whole-cell recording of rat osteoblastic cells with high-Cl− internal solutions, 10 sec hyperpolarizing jumps from 0 mV induce a slow inward current relaxation, which is shown to be carried by hyperpolarization-activated Cl− channels. This relaxation increases and becomes faster with stronger hyperpolarizations. It is insensitive to Cs+ ions but is blocked in a voltage-dependent manner by 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) 1 mm and is reduced by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) 0.1 mm. Cd2+ ions are potent blockers of this current, blocking completely above 300 μm. The amplitude of the Cl− current activated by a given hyperpolarization increases during the first 10–20 min of whole-cell recording. This evolution and the fact that some recently cloned Cl− channels have been reported to be activated both by hyperpolarization and by external hyposmolarity led us to investigate the effects of external osmolarity. Reducing the external osmolarity induces a large Cl− current. However, this hyposmolarity-induced Cl− current and the hyperpolarization-activated Cl− current are shown to be distinct; 1,9-dideoxy forskolin selectively blocks the hyposmolarity-activated current. We show that the hyperpolarization-activated Cl− current is osmosensitive, but in an unusual way: it is reduced by external hyposmolarity and is increased by external hyperosmolarity. Furthermore, these modulations are more pronounced for small hyperpolarizations. The osmosensitivity of the hyperpolarization-activated Cl− current suggests a mechanosensitivity (activation by positive external pressure) that is likely to be physiologically important to bone cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233706
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potassium currents and effects of vitamin D-3 metabolites and cyclic GMP in rat osteoblastic cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1148 (1993), S. 239-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: Osteoblast ; Potassium ion current ; Vitamin D-3 ; cyclic GMP
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(93)90135-M
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual modulation of the L-type calcium current of rat osteoblastic cells by parathyroid hormone: Opposite effects of protein kinase C and cyclic nucleotides
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cellular Signalling 6 (1994), S. 645-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0898-6568
    Keywords: PKC ; Parathyroid hormone ; cAMP ; cGMP ; calcium current ; osteoblast ; vitamin D"3
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0898-6568(94)90047-7
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton polarizability of hydrogen-bonded chains: An ab initio SCF calculation with a model related to the conducting system in bacteriorhodopsin
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 107 (1984), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0009-2614(84)85357-9
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton transfer in acetonitrile: homo- and heteroassociation ^+ N-bases and trimethyl-N-oxide
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Electrochimica Acta 29 (1984), S. 391-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0013-4686
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0013-4686(84)87080-2
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thrust tectonics along the north-western continental margin of Sabah/Borneo (1989)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 78 (1989), S. 705-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Widely accepted plate tectonic models suggest that an inactive subduction zone lies along the north-west continental margin of Sabah. In contrast, interpretation of reflection seismic data acquired by BGR shows an autochthonous continental terrane comprising an Oligocene to Early Miocene carbonate platform being progressively overthrust by an allochthonous rock complex. Progressive compression resulted in the development of four structural zones: Imbricated thrust sheets (Zone III); two thrust sheet systems one on top of the other (Zone IV); a complex zone with multiphase deformation (Zone V); and piercement ridges (Zone VI).
    Abstract: Résumé Les modèles géodynamiques que l'on admet habituellement comportent une zone de subduction inactive le long de la marge continentale nord-occidentale de Sabah. Toutefois, des mesures de sismique-réflexion exécutées par le BGR font apparaître qu'à cet endroit, une croûte continentale autochtone, comportant une plateforme carbonatée oligocène à éomiocène, est chevauchée progressivement par un complexe allochtone. La compression, qui s'est manifestée progressivement depuis le Miocène inférieur, a engendré quatre zones structurales: un ensemble d'écailles tectoniques (zone III); deux systèmes de lames tectoniques charriés l'un sur l'autre (zone IV); une zone complexe à déformation multiphasée (zone V); des structures d'extrusion tectonique (zone VI).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach herkömmlichen plattentektonischen Vorstellungen soll eine inaktive Subduktionszone am nordwestlichen Kontinentalrand von Sabah liegen. Reflexionsseismische Meßdaten der BGR zeigen jedoch, daß hier autochthone kontinentale Kruste mit einer oligozänen-frühmiozänen Karbonatplattform progressiv von einem allochthonen Gesteinsverband überschoben wird. Fortschreitender Zusammenschub seit dem frühen Miozän führte zur Anlage von vier Deformationszonen: Tekonische Schuppen (Zone III); zwei übereinander geschobene Verschuppungssysteme (Zone IV); Gürtel mit mehrphasiger Deformation (Zone V) und Durchspießungsstrukturen (Zone VI).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01829317
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical study of the development of frontal motions (1971)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 20 (1971), S. 301-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung frontaler Störungen wird vom Standpunkt eines nichtlinearen Anfangswertproblems aus betrachtet. Die Front wird in einem Zweischichtenmodell behandelt, in dem ein Kaltluftkeil im Norden durch eine homogene Flüssigkeitsschicht mit Dichte ϱ2 und eine darüberliegende Warmluftschicht durch eine andere homogene Flüssigkeit mit Dichte (〈ϱ1) dargestellt wird. Die Warm-und Kaltluftschichten besitzen eine endliche Dicke. Das Integrationsgebiet wird in Nord-Süd-Richtung von festen Grenzflächen begrenzt. Innerhalb dieses Gebietes erreicht die Höhe der Kaltluftschicht an einem gewissen Punkt den Wert Null. Dieser Punkt deutet den Schnitt der Frontalfläche mit dem Erdboden an. Dieser Schnittpunkt stellt eine frei bewegliche Grenze zwischen den beiden Luftmassen dar. Die von Westen nach Osten verlaufende Luftmassengrenze verändert sich periodisch. Eine sinusförmige Störung wird der Frontalfläche überlagert. Das Anwachsen dieser Störung wird numerisch für zwei verschiedene Anfangsbedingungen verfolgt. Für jeden Satz von Anfangsbedingungen werden verschiedene Wellenlängen und Anfangswerte der Scherung betrachtet. Die Lage der Frontalfläche wird bei jedem Zeitschritt der Integration durch einfache Extrapolation der Höhe der Kaltluftschicht vom Norden her bestimmt.
    Notes: Summary Development of frontal disturbances is considered from a nonlinear initial value point of view. The frontal model is a two layer model with a wedge of cold air to the north represented by a homogeneous fluid layer of density ϱϱ, and an overlying warm air layer represented by another homogeneous fluid of density ϱ2 (〈ϱ1). The warm and cold air layers have finite depths and the region of integration is bounded in the north-south direction by rigid boundaries. Inside this region, the depth of cold air goes to zero at some point, depicting the intersection of the frontal surface with the ground. The point of intersection essentially represents a free boundary. The west-east boundaries are periodic. A sinusoidal disturbance is imposed on the frontal surface and the growth of this disturbance is calculated numerically for two different initial conditions. For each set of initial conditions, various wave lengths and initial shears are considered. The frontal surface at each time step is determined by a simple linear extrapolation of the cold air height fields from the north.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02248625
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the convective “trigger function” in numerical forecasts of mesoscale convective systems (1992)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 49 (1992), S. 93-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Three-dimensional numerical model simulations of a mesoscale convective system are performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the simulations to differences in the convective trigger function. The Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model with the Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization scheme is used as the modeling system for the study. All simulations are performed on the June 10–11, 1985 squall line from the OK PRE-STORM field experiment. Individual simulations differ only in their specification of the trigger function within the Kain-Fritsch scheme. Comparison of results from 12 hour simulations indicates that the position, timing, and intensity of convective activity and mesoscale features vary substantially as a function of the trigger function formulation. The results suggest that the convective trigger function is an integral part of the overall convective parameterization problem, and that great care must be exercised is designing realistic trigger function formulations, especially as model resolutions approach the scale of individual convective clouds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025402
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