ALBERT

Description: Schlumberger’s modular dynamics tester (MDT) tool was used to test 10 Miocene sands in the Tubular Bells deep water oil field, offshore Gulf of Mexico, United States. Nine sands from true vertical depths of 19,999–26,464 ft (6096–8066 m) were sampled from a single well and another deeper sand (29,075 ft [8,862 m]) from a second well. Using ion and strontium, oxygen, and hydrogen isotopic analysis, the nine MDT water samples were demonstrated to be mostly formation water. The sample in the second well from 29,075 ft (8862 m) is filtrate, based on its oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition (–4.10 and –26.3, standard mean ocean water [SMOW]). Insufficient water was recovered for ionic analysis, which made the isotopic analysis even more important to help document the origin of the water in what appears to be a hydrocarbon-charged interval. Using a combination of chemical and isotopic analyses, it is concluded that only two of the sands are possibly in fluid communication or separated by baffles. The other sands are each in separate fluid compartments. The salinity (total dissolved solids) of the formation waters decreases with depth and distance from the salt and ranges from approximately 39,000 to more than 288,000 mg/L. The formation waters have oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions ranging from +3.19 to +4.52 and –16.1 to –19.4, respectively (SMOW). Bromide–chloride systematics indicate that the formation waters are mixtures of normal seawater and seawater that was evaporated to and probably beyond halite saturation. The evaporite water is sourced from the deeper Jurassic section (Louann Salt) and likely came up along the salt–sediment interface along faults and fractures associated with emplacement of the salt stock and canopy. The formation waters were subsequently enriched in chloride and sodium to varying degrees by dissolution of the diapiric salt. Strontium isotopes are compatible with mixing of highly concentrated (evaporative) Jurassic seawater with relatively low 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and much less concentrated (almost seawater salinity) pore water with more radiogenic strontium, the latter derived from silicate reactions during burial diagenesis. Short-chain organic acids are present in high concentrations (〉1000 mg/L) along with the organophilic ions boron and iodide. The concentrations of boron, iodide, and organic acids do not correlate with salinity. Boron and iodide show a strong positive relationship with each other and a less strong, but positive, relationship with organic acid concentrations. Boron and iodide are nearly twice as concentrated in waters of oil-bearing sands than in water-bearing sands and appear to be indicators of hydrocarbon proximity. One water-bearing sand has concentrations of boron and iodide as high as those seen in oil-bearing sands, possibly suggesting an updip oil accumulation.