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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 28 (2000), S. 453-462 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Tidal volume and vital capacity expirograms ; Inert gas mixing ; Parallel and series inhomogeneities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The single path model of airway gas transport was incorporated into each of the seven parallel regions model of Cruz (Cruz, J. C. Respir. Physiol. 86:1–14, 1991). Thus, the effect of time on the predicted gas fractions in and out of the lung could be evaluated. Two experimental maneuvers were simulated: (1) fast inhalation of an argon–oxygen mixture from a functional residual capacity and fast exhalation to residual volume, including inspiratory breath holdings of 5–20 s, and (2) the standard single-breath nitrogen washout test. Expired argon and nitrogen are predicted within a ±3% error of the experimental data with no breath holding. Breath holding predictions were at variance with experimental results because the solution of the diffusion-convection equation produced even mixing in the alveoli at the end of inspiration. The minimum square of the difference between the experimental data (standard single-breath nitrogen washout test) and those provided by the model was 0.0016. This model is capable of generating a nitrogen expirogram with four phases when a vital capacity of oxygen is inhaled. However, the model failed to produce a sharp distinction between phase 3 and phase 4. Thus, we conclude that uneven emptying of parallel regions generates any expirogram (a fast or slow expiratory maneuver). The alveolar gas stratification that is created during inspiration disappears at the end of the inspiratory maneuver. As a result, breath holding maneuvers cannot be predicted in the anatomical model used. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC00: 8719Uv, 8710+e
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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