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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 45 (1999), S. 230-237 
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A population of 48 European brown hares, caught south of the township of Heimerzheim (North Rhine-Westphalia), was investigated regarding its genetic diversity and structure. Analyses were performed on 4 microsatellite DNA loci as well as on the mitochondrial control region. The sampling area is divided into two regions (region A and B) by a motorway (Autobahn 61). In region A 22 hares were caught, whereas 26 hares came from region B. Regarding the distribution of haplotypes both groups are genetically structured and differ significantly from each other (ΦST=0,428, p≤0.0001). There is only a very low maternal gene flow (Nm=0,7). In terms of the microsatellite allele distribution, no differences were detectable between the two groups (GST=0,004). While mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally only, microsatellite DNA is inherited maternally and paternally in equal parts. Since female hares can be excluded from the gene flow due to the distribution of haplotypes, only males are responsible for the microsatellite allele exchange between the two subpopulations. The reason for these findings may on the one hand be a highly philopatric behaviour of females. On the other hand, a higher degree of dispersal or a larger home range size of males could also explain our results.
    Abstract: Résumé 48 lièvres capturés au sud du village d'Heimerzheim (Nord Rhénanie-Westphalie) ont été analysés quant à leur diversité et à leur structure génétiques. Ont été analysés 4 loci de micro-satellites d'ADN ainsi que la zone de contrôle de l'ADN mitochondrial. La région de capture est subdivisée par une autoroute en deux aires, 22 lièvres étant issus de la première (région A) et 26 de la seconde (région B). En ce qui concerne leur répartition en haplotypes, les deux groupes se révèlent génétiquement très structurés et se laissent différencier de façon significative (ΦST=0,428, p≤0,0001). Il n'existe qu'un flux génique maternel très faible (Nm=0,7). En ce qui concerne la répartition allélique des microsatellites, des différences entre les groupes étudiés ne peuvent être constatées (GST=0,004). Tandis que la transmission de l'ADN mitochondrial procède exclusivement des femelles, les deux sexes sont également impliqués dans la transmission des loci des micro-satellites. Etant donné que les femelles, en raison de la répartition des haplotypes, sont largement exclues du flux génique, les mâles sont clairement responsables de l'échange allélique des micro-satellites entre les deux sous-populations. La cause peut en être, d'une part, une plus grande philopatrie des hases et, d'autre part, une plus grande dispersion ou une aire de dispersion plus étendue des bouquins.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Population von 48 Feldhasen, deren Fanggebiet südlich der Ortschaft Heimerzheim (Nordrhein-Westfalen) lag, wurde hinsichtlich ihrer genetischen Diversität und Struktur untersucht. Zur Analyse wurden 4 Mikrosatelliten-DNA Loci sowie der Kontroll-Bereich der mitochondrialen DNA herangezogen. Das Fanggebiet wird durch eine Autobahn in zwei Areale unterteilt, wobei 22 Hasen aus Region A und 26 Hasen aus Region B stammen. Hinsichtlich ihrer Haplotypen-Verteilung sind beide Gruppen genetisch stark strukturiert und lassen sich signifikant voneinander unterscheiden (ΦST=0,428, p≤0,0001). Es besteht nur ein sehr niedriger maternaler Genfluß (Nm=0,7). Bezüglich ihrer Mikrosatelliten-Allel-Verteilung sind keine Unterschiede zwischen den beiden untersuchten Gruppen feststellbar (GST=0,004). Während die Vererbung der mitochondrialen DNA ausschließlich über die Weibchen erfolgt, sind an der Vererbung der Mikrosatelliten-Loci beide Geschlechter gleichermaßen beteiligt. Da die Weibchen wegen der Haplotypenverteilung vom Genfluß weitgehend auszuschließen sind, sind offensichtlich nur die Männchen für den Mikrosatelliten-Allelaustausch zwischen beiden Subpopulationen verantwortlich. Ursache dafür könnte einerseits eine größere Philopatrie der Häsinnen sein, andererseits kommen aber auch eine möglicherweise höhere Dispersion oder ein größeres Streifgebiet der Männchen in Frage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1998), S. 257-264 
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words Roe deer ; Salivary proteins ; Tannin-binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In ruminants, different functions have been ascribed to the different salivary glands according to the feeding type. In this context, possible adaptations of salivary functions were investigated regarding the secretion of various proteins by different types of salivary glands. To yield uncontaminated parotid saliva in large quantities, a non-surgical method has been developed. Parotid gland secretions were collected via endoscopic placement of guide wires into each parotid duct, which were subsequently used for placement of collection catheters. Salivary flow was stimulated by intra-glandular administration of the parasympathomimetic compound pilocarpine-hydrochloride into the parotid gland. Mixed saliva (excluding parotid saliva) was collected into sterile tubes by normal outflow during the sampling of parotid saliva. The total flow volume, flow rate and the content of proteins as well as of several ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, inorganic phosphate) of both types of saliva were measured in sheep, fallow deer and roe deer. Roe deer secreted the highest amount of total salivary proteins relative to body mass [mg/kg body mass] and the highest relative volume [ml/10 min/kg body mass], both in parotid and mixed saliva, of all ruminant species examined. Additionally, the protein profile and the tannin-binding properties of parotid and mixed saliva in roe deer were investigated. Parotid saliva bound almost twice as much tannin as mixed saliva, underlining the importance of yielding uncontaminated parotid saliva for tannin-binding studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-06-28
    Description: Although significantly more money is spent on the conservation of tigers than on any other threatened species, today only 3200 to 3600 tigers roam the forests of Asia, occupying only 7% of their historical range. Despite the global significance of and interest in tiger conservation, global approaches to plan tiger recovery are partly impeded by the lack of a consensus on the number of tiger subspecies or management units, because a comprehensive analysis of tiger variation is lacking. We analyzed variation among all nine putative tiger subspecies, using extensive data sets of several traits [morphological (craniodental and pelage), ecological, molecular]. Our analyses revealed little variation and large overlaps in each trait among putative subspecies, and molecular data showed extremely low diversity because of a severe Late Pleistocene population decline. Our results support recognition of only two subspecies: the Sunda tiger, Panthera tigris sondaica, and the continental tiger, Panthera tigris tigris , which consists of two (northern and southern) management units. Conservation management programs, such as captive breeding, reintroduction initiatives, or trans-boundary projects, rely on a durable, consistent characterization of subspecies as taxonomic units, defined by robust multiple lines of scientific evidence rather than single traits or ad hoc descriptions of one or few specimens. Our multiple-trait data set supports a fundamental rethinking of the conventional tiger taxonomy paradigm, which will have profound implications for the management of in situ and ex situ tiger populations and boost conservation efforts by facilitating a pragmatic approach to tiger conservation management worldwide.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-10-21
    Description: Background. The bay cat Catopuma badia is endemic to Borneo, whereas its sister species the Asian golden cat Catopuma temminckii is distributed from the Himalayas and southern China through Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. Based on morphological data, up to five subspecies of the Asian golden cat have been recognized, but a taxonomic assessment, including molecular data and morphological characters, is still lacking. Results. We combined molecular data (whole mitochondrial genomes), morphological data (pelage) and species distribution projections (up to the Late Pleistocene) to infer how environmental changes may have influenced the distribution of these sister species over the past 120 000 years. The molecular analysis was based on sequenced mitogenomes of 3 bay cats and 40 Asian golden cats derived mainly from archival samples. Our molecular data suggested a time of split between the two species approximately 3.16 Ma and revealed very low nucleotide diversity within the Asian golden cat population, which supports recent expansion of the population. Discussion. The low nucleotide diversity suggested a population bottleneck in the Asian golden cat, possibly caused by the eruption of the Toba volcano in Northern Sumatra (approx. 74 kya), followed by a continuous population expansion in the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene. Species distribution projections, the reconstruction of the demographic history, a genetic isolation-by-distance pattern and a gradual variation of pelage pattern support the hypothesis of a post-Toba population expansion of the Asian golden cat from south China/Indochina to Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. Our findings reject the current classification of five subspecies for the Asian golden cat, but instead support either a monotypic species or one comprising two subspecies: (i) the Sunda golden cat, distributed south of the Isthmus of Kra: C. t. temminckii and (ii) Indochinese, Indian, Himalayan and Chinese golden cats, occurring north of the Isthmus: C. t. moormensis .
    Keywords: molecular biology, genetics, evolution
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Biological responses to climate change have been widely documented across taxa and regions, but it remains unclear whether species are maintaining a good match between phenotype and environment, i.e. whether observed trait changes are adaptive. Here we reviewed 10,090 abstracts and extracted data from 71 studies reported in 58 relevant publications, to assess quantitatively whether phenotypic trait changes associated with climate change are adaptive in animals. A meta-analysis focussing on birds, the taxon best represented in our dataset, suggests that global warming has not systematically affected morphological traits, but has advanced phenological traits. We demonstrate that these advances are adaptive for some species, but imperfect as evidenced by the observed consistent selection for earlier timing. Application of a theoretical model indicates that the evolutionary load imposed by incomplete adaptive responses to ongoing climate change may already be threatening the persistence of species.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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