# ALBERT

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• 1
Unknown
In:  Other Sources
Publication Date: 2011-08-12
Description: Neutrino-pair bremsstrahlung for hot degenerate electron gas during Coulomb scattering on imbedded nuclei in stellar regimes including lattice structure effects
Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
Format: text
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• 2
Unknown
In:  Geophysical Research Letters ; Year: 2009 ; Volume: 36 ; Issue: 5
Publication Date: 2018-05-02
Description: We investigate the effect of extended faulting processes and heterogeneous wave propagation on the early warning system capability to predict the peak ground velocity (PGV) from moderate to large earthquakes occurring in the southern Apennines (Italy). Simulated time histories at the early warning network have been used to retrieve early estimates of source parameters and to predict the PGV, following an evolutionary, probabilistic approach. The system performance is measured through the Effective Lead-Time (ELT), i.e., the time interval between the arrival of the first S-wave and the time at which the probability to observe the true PGV value within one standard deviation becomes stationary, and the Probability of Prediction Error (PPE), which provides a measure of PGV prediction error. The regional maps of ELT and PPE show a significant variability around the fault up to large distances, thus indicating that the system's capability to accurately predict the observed peak ground motion strongly depends on distance and azimuth from the fault.
Keywords: ddc:550
Language: English
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• 3
Unknown
In:  Geophysical Research Letters ; Year: 2009 ; Volume: 36 ; Issue: 5
Publication Date: 2018-05-02
Description: We investigate the effect of extended faulting processes and heterogeneous wave propagation on the early warning system capability to predict the peak ground velocity (PGV) from moderate to large earthquakes occurring in the southern Apennines (Italy). Simulated time histories at the early warning network have been used to retrieve early estimates of source parameters and to predict the PGV, following an evolutionary, probabilistic approach. The system performance is measured through the Effective Lead-Time (ELT), i.e., the time interval between the arrival of the first S-wave and the time at which the probability to observe the true PGV value within one standard deviation becomes stationary, and the Probability of Prediction Error (PPE), which provides a measure of PGV prediction error. The regional maps of ELT and PPE show a significant variability around the fault up to large distances, thus indicating that the system's capability to accurately predict the observed peak ground motion strongly depends on distance and azimuth from the fault.
Language: English
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• 4
Unknown
In:  Journal of Applied Geophysics ; Year: 2018 ; Volume: 156 ; Pages: 16-30
Publication Date: 2018-11-08
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• 5
Unknown
Seismological Society of America (SSA)
Publication Date: 2015-10-02
Description: Ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) play a crucial role for estimating the seismic hazard in any region using either a deterministic or a probabilistic approach. Indeed, they represent a reliable and fast tool to predict strong ground motion, given source and propagation parameters. In this article, we estimated GMPEs for the South Korea peninsula. GMPEs were computed for peak ground displacement, peak ground velocity, peak ground acceleration, and spectral accelerations (damping at 5%) at 13 different periods from 0.055 to 5 s. We analyzed data from 222 earthquakes recorded at 132 three-component stations of the South Korea Seismic Network, from 2007 to 2012, with local magnitude ranging between 2.0 and 4.9 and epicentral distances varying from 1.4 to ~600 km. A nonlinear mixed effects technique is used to infer the GMPE coefficients. This technique includes both fixed and random effects and accounts for both inter- and intraevent dependencies in the data. Station-specific corrective coefficients were estimated by a statistical approach and were included in the final ground-motion prediction model. Finally, predictions for peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration are compared with observations recorded for an M L  5.1 earthquake that occurred in 2014, the data for which were not included in the modeling. Online Material: Figures showing final ground-motion prediction equation models versus observations, and intra- and interevent residuals.
Print ISSN: 0037-1106
Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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• 6
Unknown
Oxford University Press
Publication Date: 2015-09-06
Description: The use of simulated accelerograms may improve the evaluation of the seismic hazard when an accurate modelling of both source and propagation is performed. In this paper, we performed broad-band simulations of the 2009, M 6.3 L'Aquila earthquake, coupling a k –2 kinematic model for the seismic source with empirical Green's functions (EGFs) as propagators. We extracted 10 EGFs candidates from a database of aftershocks satisfying quality criteria based on signal-to-noise ratio, fault proximity, small magnitude, similar focal mechanism and stress drop. For comparison with real observations, we also derived a low-frequency kinematic model, based on inversion of ground displacement as integrated from strong motion data. Kinematic properties of the inverted model (rupture velocity, position of the rupture nucleation, low-frequency slip and roughness degree of slip heterogeneity) were used as constraints in the k –2 model, to test the use of a single specific EGF against the use of the whole set of EGFs. Comparison to real observations based on spectral and peak ground acceleration shows that the use of all available EGFs improves the fit of simulations to real data. Moreover the epistemic variability related to the selection of a specific EGF is significantly larger (two to three times) than recent observations of between event variability, that is the variability associated with the randomness of the rupture process. We finally performed ‘blind’ simulations releasing all the information on source kinematics and only considering the fault geometry and the magnitude of the target event as known features. We computed peak ground acceleration, acceleration Fourier and response spectra. Simulations follow the same trend with distance as real observations. In most cases these latter fall within one sigma from predictions. Predictions with source parameters constrained at low frequency do not perform better than ‘blind’ simulations, showing that extrapolation of the low-frequency description of the rupture front as inferred by the kinematic inversion may introduce some bias in the final simulations.
Keywords: Seismology
Print ISSN: 0956-540X
Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
Topics: Geosciences
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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• 7
Unknown
Oxford University Press
Publication Date: 2019
Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Summary〈/div〉We develop a probabilistic framework based on the conjunction of states of information between data and model, to jointly retrieve earthquake source parameters and anelastic attenuation factor from inversion of displacement amplitude spectra. The evaluation of the joint probability density functions (PDFs) enables us to take into account between-parameter correlations in the final estimates of the parameters and related uncertainties. Following this approach, we first search for the maximum of the a-posteriori PDF through the basin hopping technique that couples a global exploration built on a Markov chain with a local deterministic maximization. Then we compute statistical indicators (mean, variance and correlation coefficients) on source parameters and anelastic attenuation through integration of the PDF in the vicinity of the maximum likelihood solution. Definition of quality criteria based on the signal to noise ratio and similarity of the marginal PDFs with a Gaussian function enable us to define the frequency domain for the inversion and to get rid of unconstrained solutions.We perform synthetic tests to assess theoretical correlations as a function of the signal to noise ratio and to define the minimum bandwidth around the corner frequency for consistent parameter resolution.As an application, we finally estimate the source parameters for the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence. We found that the classical scaling between the seismic moment and the corner frequency holds, with an average stress drop of $\Delta \sigma = 2.1 \pm 0.3\,\,MPa$. However, the main events in the sequence exhibit a stress drop larger than the average value. Finally, the small seismic efficiency indicates a stress overshoot, possibly due to dynamic effects or large frictional efficiency.〈/span〉
Print ISSN: 2051-1965
Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
Topics: Geosciences
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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• 8
Publication Date: 2019
Description: 〈p〉Burned skeletal remains are abundant in archaeological and paleontological sites, the result of fire or of ancient funerary practices. In the burning process, the bone matrix suffers structural and dimensional changes that interfere with the reliability of available osteometric methods. Recent studies showed that these macroscopic changes are accompanied by microscopic variations are reflected in vibrational spectra. An innovative integrated approach to the study of archaeological combusted skeletal remains is reported here, where the application of complementary vibrational spectroscopic techniques—INS (inelastic neutron scattering), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), and micro-Raman—enables access to the complete vibrational profile and constitutes the first application of neutron spectroscopy to ancient bones. Comparison with data from modern human bones that were subjected to controlled burning allowed identification of specific heating conditions. This pioneering study provides archaeologists and anthropologists with relevant information on past civilizations, including regarding funerary, burial, and cooking practices and environmental settings.〈/p〉
Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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• 9
Unknown
Oxford University Press
Publication Date: 2019
Description: 〈span〉〈div〉SUMMARY〈/div〉We develop a probabilistic framework based on the conjunction of states of information between data and model, to jointly retrieve earthquake source parameters and anelastic attenuation factor from inversion of displacement amplitude spectra. The evaluation of the joint probability density functions (PDFs) enables us to take into account between-parameter correlations in the final estimates of the parameters and related uncertainties. Following this approach, we first search for the maximum of the 〈span〉a posteriori〈/span〉 PDF through the basin hopping technique that couples a global exploration built on a Markov chain with a local deterministic maximization. Then we compute statistical indicators (mean, variance and correlation coefficients) on source parameters and anelastic attenuation through integration of the PDF in the vicinity of the maximum likelihood solution. Definition of quality criteria based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and similarity of the marginal PDFs with a Gaussian function enable us to define the frequency domain for the inversion and to get rid of unconstrained solutions.We perform synthetic tests to assess theoretical correlations as a function of the SNR and to define the minimum bandwidth around the corner frequency for consistent parameter resolution.As an application, we finally estimate the source parameters for the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence. We found that the classical scaling between the seismic moment and the corner frequency holds, with an average stress drop of $\Delta \sigma = 2.1 \pm 0.3\,\,{\rm {MPa}}$. However, the main events in the sequence exhibit a stress drop larger than the average value. Finally, the small seismic efficiency indicates a stress overshoot, possibly due to dynamic effects or large frictional efficiency.〈/span〉
Print ISSN: 2051-1965
Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
Topics: Geosciences
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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• 10
Unknown
Seismological Society of America (SSA)
Publication Date: 2012-12-01
Description: We present a nonlinear technique for the purpose of estimating the distribution of the final slip and the rupture velocity on the fault plane from the inversion of strong-motion records. In this work, the ground-motion simulation is obtained by evaluating the representation integral in the frequency domain, through a finite-element approach, based on a Delaunay’s triangulation of the fault plane. The slip distribution is parameterized by a linear combination of 2D overlapping Gaussian functions. This choice allows us to relate the maximum frequency in the data to the smallest resolvable wavelength on the fault plane, insuring a smooth representation for the slip function. We investigate the capability of such a representation to describe complex slip maps, and we relate the width of the Gaussian function and the overlapping to the minimum wavelength of the slip function. The inverse problem is solved by a two-step procedure aimed at separating the computation of the rupture velocity from the evaluation of the slip distribution. While a global exploration is maintained for the rupture velocity, for each explored value of this quantity, the slip solution is computed as the best solution approaching the observations in the sense of the L2 norm. The nonlinear step is performed through the neighborhood algorithm (NA), while the linear one uses the nonnegative least-squares (NNLS) method. The technique has been applied to retrieve the rupture history of the 2008 Iwate–Miyagi, Japan, earthquake. The slip distribution is characterized by a large slip patch extending from the hypocenter to the southern shallow part of the fault plane, with a maximum amplitude of 6 m. In addition, a relatively smaller asperity is located in the north shallow part of the fault. We found that the rupture lasted about 12 s with an average rupture velocity of about 2.0 km/s. Online Material: Figures showing synthetic inversion test results.
Print ISSN: 0037-1106
Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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