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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobility of heavy metals from coal fly ash (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 23 (1994), S. 264-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Fly ash ; Sequential extraction ; Heavy metals ; Voltammetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The mobility of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn from six different coal-fired power plant fly ashes that show a wide compositional range was examined using a sequential extraction procedure in order to assess their mobility when these wastes are ponded or landfilled. The extraction sequence was as follows: (1) water extractable, (2) cation exchangeable (CH3COONH4 at pH 7), (3) surface oxide-bound cations (CH3COONH4 at pH 5), (4) Fe oxide-bound cations (HONH3Cl), and (5) residual (HF, HCl, HNO3, 2∶1∶1). The heavy metal contents in the extraction solutions were determined by anodic (Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn) and cathodic (Ni and Co) stripping voltammetry. The results reveal differences in the total contents of the selected trace elements among the fly ash samples, which must be related to differences in coal composition and combustion technology. The extractable fraction under natural conditions ranges from 1.5 to 36.4 percent of the total element content. Cadmium, Co, Cu, and Zn show the highest extractable fraction (10.8–18.9 percent on average). Cadmium is the most easily water-extractable element, while Co, Cu, and Zn increase their mobility as the severity of the extraction increases. Cobalt, Ni, Pb, and Zn are mainly associated with the surface oxide-bound and Fe oxide-bound fractions. Nickel, Pb, and Sb have low mobility potentials (5.3–6.6 percent as extractable fraction), but Sb presents a relatively high water-extractable fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00766741
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental impact of mineral transformations undergone during coal combustion (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 18 (1991), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The mineral transformations undergone by high sulfur coal ash were studied. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiment was carried out to reproduce experimentally the mineral transformations produced during coal combustion in coal-fired power stations. We have verified that the anhydrite is the main crystalline phase that contains sulfur in the solid combustion waste from 500°C until its decomposition at 1060±10°C. Thus, this calcium sulfate is the main crystalline phase involved in the sulfur retention in the combustion wastes at high temperatures. Therefore, a considerable proportion of the sulfur would not be emitted into the atmosphere at temperatures lower than 1060°C. Taking as a reference the annual coal consumption of the Teruel Mining District (6 million tons), the mean sulfur content and the anhydrite content at 900°C, it was shown that the SO2 emissions could be reduced by approximately 13 percent (83,000 ton/yr) provided that the combustion temperature was 900°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704573
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zeolites in Tertiary coal from the Çayirhan mine, Beypazari, Turkey (1996)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 31 (1996), S. 529-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The study focuses on the mineralogy of the upper coal seam accumulated at the top of the Çoraklar Formation (Miocene), Beypazari, Turkey. This coal seam is laterally extensive and averages 3.0 m thick, varying from 1.0 to 4.9 m. Analcime and clinoptiolite comprise up to 80% of the mineral matter (which also includes feldspars, quartz and pyrite and traces of dolomite, clay minerals and apatite) in the coal from the Cayirhan mine. Zeolites were formed when sodium-rich solutions altered aluminosilicate epiclastic material derived from contemporaneous volcanic activity. The allocthonous organic matter accumulated as a result of detrital plant and epiclastic material from an adjacent fresh-water environment being washed into a saline lake in sufficient quantities to form peat with a high mineral matter content (29.7% mean mineral matter content in raw coal). Subsequent syngenetic alteration of the volcanic glass incorporated into the peat resulted in zeolite formation. Alteration of sodium-rich epiclastic material by sodium-rich solutions resulted in the formation of analcime, whilst alteration of calcium-rich epiclastic material by sodium-rich solutions resulted in the formation of clinoptilolite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196133
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zeolites in Tertiary coal from the Çayirhan mine, Beypazari, Turkey (1996)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 31 (1996), S. 529-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract.  The study focuses on the mineralogy of the upper coal seam accumulated at the top of the Çoraklar Formation (Miocene), Beypazari, Turkey. This coal seam is laterally extensive and averages 3.0 m thick, varying from 1.0 to 4.9 m. Analcime and clinoptiolite comprise up to 80% of the mineral matter (which also includes feldspars, quartz and pyrite and traces of dolomite, clay minerals and apatite) in the coal from the Çayirhan mine. Zeolites were formed when sodium-rich solutions altered aluminosilicate epiclastic material derived from contemporaneous volcanic activity. The allocthonous organic matter accumulated as a result of detrital plant and epiclastic material from an adjacent fresh-water environment being washed into a saline lake in sufficient quantities to form peat with a high mineral matter content (29.7% mean mineral matter content in raw coal). Subsequent syngenetic alteration of the volcanic glass incorporated into the peat resulted in zeolite formation. Alteration of sodium-rich epiclastic material by sodium-rich solutions resulted in the formation of analcime, whilst alteration of calcium-rich epiclastic material by sodium-rich solutions resulted in the formation of clinoptilolite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260050059
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategy for water analysis using ICP-MS (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 368 (2000), S. 601-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The developed strategy permits determination in three steps of sixty-seven elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Sodium, Mg, Si, S, Cl, K, and Ca are determined in a first step; ¶B, Al, P, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Hg, and Pb are determined in a second step; and Li, Be, Ti, V, Co, Ga, Ge, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Te, I, Cs, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Tl, Bi, Th, and U are analyzed in a third step. The figures of merit obtained are adequate to carry out water quality monitoring and other hydrochemical studies, such those based in the application of hydrochemical fingerprinting to water management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000552
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  • 6
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    Geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic features of the Zaro volcanic complex: insights on the magmatic processes triggering a small-scale prehistoric eruption at Ischia island (south Italy) (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: The prehistoric (〈7 ka) Zaro eruption at Ischia island (Southern Italy) produced a lava complex overlaying a pyroclastic deposit. Although being of low energy, the Zaro eruption might have caused casualties among the neolithic population that inhabited that area of Ischia, and damages to their settlements. A similar eruption at Ischia with its present-day population would turn into a disaster. Therefore, understanding the magmatic processes that triggered the Zaro eruption would be important for volcanic hazard assessment and risk mitigation, so as to improve a knowledge that can be applied to other active volcanic areas worldwide. The main Zaro lava body is trachyte and hosts abundant mafc and felsic enclaves. Here all juvenile facies have been fully characterized from petrographic, geochemical and isotopic viewpoints. The whole dataset (major and trace element contents; Sr–Nd isotopic composition) leads to rule out a genetic link by fractional crystallization among the variable facies. Thus, we suggest that the Zaro mafc enclaves could represent a deep-origin mafc magma that mingled/mixed with the main trachytic one residing in the Ischia shallow magmatic system. The intrusion of such a mafc magma into a shallow reservoir flled by partly crystallized, evolved magma could have destabilized the magmatic system presumably acting as a rapid eruption trigger. The resulting processes of convection, mixing and rejuvenation have possibly played an important role in pre- and syn-eruptive phases also in several eruptions of diferent sizes in the Neapolitan area and elsewhere in the world.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2829–2849
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Ischia island ; Zaro volcanic complex ; Mineral chemistry ; Isotope geochemistry ; Mafic enclaves
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Environmental impact of mineral transformations undergone during coal combustion (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0943-0105
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0495
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Polygonal feeder tubes filled with hydroclasts: a new volcanic lithofacies marking shoreline subaerial-submarine transition (2015)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: This paper describes for the first time a new lithofacies that formed in the passage zone during the construction of pahoehoe lava-fed deltas in the north and NE coastal areas of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean). These lava-fed deltas, which are Pliocene in age, present similar lithofacies associations to those previously described in the literature, except for two distinct features: low abundance of hyaloclastites and a new lithofacies in the passage zone. This new lithofacies, which we propose to name ‘polygonal feeder tubes filled with hydroclasts’, comprises metre-scale lava feeder tubes with decimetre-scale coherent poorly vesicular and aphanitic rinds of polygonal morphology, filled with closely packed hydroclasts generated in situ . It represents the first stage in the interaction between seawater and thick lava flows entering the sea under the influence of a tidal regime, thus marking sea level. This lithofacies should be easily recognizable in ancient successions, and thus represents a useful marker of palaeoshorelines. Supplementary material: Sample preparation and sample geochemistry are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18785 .
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 9
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    Strategy for water analysis using ICP-MS (2000)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-06
    Print ISSN: 0937-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1130
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    The fate of trace elements in a large coal-fired power plant (2001)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Print ISSN: 0943-0105
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0495
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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