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  • 1
    ISSN: 1477-7835
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper a desertification risk index (DRI) based on the integration of climatic data and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), obtained from National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration advance very high-resolution radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) images, is discussed at the light of the aridity index and some eco-physiological parameters. The good correlation between DRI, the aridity index and the eco-physiological parameters suggests that DRI could be useful to measure the desertification risk. One advantage of DRI is that, with the help of a geographic information system (GIS), DRI maps can be easily obtained in short time and at relatively low costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford, West Yorkshire : Emerald
    Management of environmental quality 16 (2005), S. 309-326 
    ISSN: 1477-7835
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - To investigate whether the desertification risk index (DRI) which was originally developed for the coastal area of Turkey in a previous work, could be used as an effective desertification indicator in other Mediterranean areas such as the Lebanon. Design/methodology/approach - The calculation of the DRI is based on the use of climatic factors and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). As a result, climatic data were obtained and spatial interpolation techniques were applied to derive temperature and precipitation maps within a GIS environment while the NDVI was derived from satellite imagery. Spatial models were employed in order to produce the DRI map of Lebanon. Geographical analysis and standard statistical techniques were employed to investigate the relationships between: desertification risk and two topographic factors, namely, elevation and distance from the sea and desertification risk and the type of land cover. The accuracy of the index was assessed by comparison with recently published official maps and documents. Findings - The paper demonstrates the efficiency of a desertification index to identify areas at risk. The DRI map proved to be accurate when compared to the map of desertification prone areas recently produced by the Lebanese Ministry of Agriculture. The areas with the highest degree of desertification risk are located in the North-Eastern part of the country, in the area of the Bekaa Valley. This is in agreement with the reports of the United Nations Convention for combating desertification. A strong correlation was found between desertification risk and distance from the sea (the larger the distance the higher the risk) while shrubland appears to be the land cover type with the highest risk of desertification. Originality/value - This research work demonstrates how satellite imagery and modern spatial analysis techniques could provide an essential alternative to traditional methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 35 (1991), S. 76-87 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Climatic variables ; Cluster analysis ; Discriminant analysis ; Vegetation types ; Phytoclimatic classes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relationship is examined between vegetation and climate using climatic variables collected from 644 meteorological stations located throughout China. Multivariate methods are applied directly to the raw climatic data in order to define ‘climatic clusters’ and to examine the relationship between the clusters and vegetation types. This approach is based on the concept of multidimensional climatic space defined by the combination of climatic variables. Phytoclimatic classes are defined on the basis of the distribution of vegetation types in climatic clusters and a new phytoclimatic classification of China is proposed. Patterns of climatic changes between neighbouring phytoclimatic classes are described. Two indexes of the influence of climate on vegetation are proposed based on discriminant analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 39 (1979), S. 171-184 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Classification ; Europe ; Hierarchy ; Numerical method ; Ordination ; Ranking ; Salt marsh ; Syntaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit der hierarchischen Klassifikation europäischer Pflanzengesellschaften auf Salzböden mit Hilfe numerischer Methoden. Dabei konnte eine numerische Syntaxonomie durch automatische Klassifikationsmethoden, die ihrerseits auf synoptische Tabellen von Salzböden-Vegetation gestützt sind, erzielt werden. Die Angaben wurden durch eine Auswahl von Arten reduziert, indem jenen Arten mehr Bedeutung beigemessen wurde, deren Häufigkeit zu Klasse V nach Raunkiaer gehört. Die Methoden, die sowohl das monothetisch trennende als auch das polythetisch zusammenfassende Verfahren einschließen, ergeben bei niederem hierarchischen niveau sehr ähnliche Resultate. Der Großteil der Clusters, die sich bei der ersten Stufe oberhalb der Assoziation definieren lassen, stimmt mit gut beschriebenen Verbänden in der bereits bestchenden pflanzensoziologischen Literatur überein. Auf höherem hierarchischen Niveau zeigen die Methoden verschiedene Ergebnisse. Die hierarchische Struktur wurde nach der Übereinstimmung zwischen Arten und clusters synoptischer Tabellen durch die Konzentrations-analyse und den Ratio: mutuelle Information/Equivocation geschätzt. Als wirkungsvollste Struktur erwiesen sich dabei Methoden, die sich auf Angaben über Vorhandensein bzw. Nichtvorhandensein von Arten stützen. Das sich daraus ergebende numerische syntaxonomische Schema umfaßt 14 Tabellengruppen mit Ordnungsund 4 Gruppen mit Klassen-Niveau. Aus dem Schema ergeben sich Ähnlickeitswerte innerhalb des Verbands-, Ordnungs-, und Klassen-Niveaus, die den in der Literatur bestehenden ziemlich vergleichbar sind. Enge verwandt-schaftliche Beziehungen zwischen dem syntaxonomischen Schema und ökologischen sowie chorologischen Faktoren lassen sich feststellen. Die Notwendigkeit, syntaxonomische Entscheidungen aufgrund logischer Modelle zu treffen, scheint naheliegend.
    Notes: Summary This work is devoted to a hierarchical classification of European salt marsh vegetation based on numerical methods. A numerical syntaxonomy has been obtained by automatic methods of classification applied to synoptic tables of salt marsh communities. The data have been reduced by a process of species selection based on a weighting procedure which gives high weights to species with high frequency density in Raunkiaer class V. The methods, including both monothetic divisive and polythetic agglomerative procedures, give very similar results at low hierarchical levels. The greater part of clusters defined at the first level above the association, correspond to well-described alliances in phytosociological literature. The methods give different results at higher hierarchical levels. The hierarchical structure has been evaluated in terms of correspondence between species and clusters of synoptic tables by Concentration Analysis and by the ratio: mutual information/equivocation information. The most efficient structure has been provided by methods based on presence-absence data. The resulting numerical syntaxonomical scheme encompasses 14 groups of tables at the order level and 4 groups at the class level. The scheme suggests similarity values within alliance, order and class level which are quite comparable with those already reported in literature. A strong relationship between the syntaxonomical scheme and ecological and chorological factors is emphasized. The need to use logical models on which to base syntaxonomical decisions is stressed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Environmental fuzzy sets ; Gradient ; Probabilistie similarity index ; Stratocoenon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vegetation and environment have been analyzed along an altitudinal gradient in Harena Forest, Bale Mountains National Park, southeastern Ethiopia. Vegetation data include numbers of each tree and shrub species and cover-abundance values of each herbaceous species. Environmental data comprise edaphic factors, altitude and topography. The two vegetation layers data were analysed separately. Probabilistic similarity coefficients were computed between the relevés, and these values were used in subsequent computations for classification and ordination. Two sets of stratocoena, comprising 6 types each, derived on the basis of separate analyses of tree-shrub and herb layers of the forest were recognised. A combination of the two sets of stratocoena produced a total of 11 vegetation types. Environmental fuzzy set analysis was applied to determine the strength of the relationship of the relevés to the environmental factors. Autocorrelation analysis was applied to the eigenvectors of probabilistic similarity matrices and environmental data. Altitude appears to be more important thant the other environmental factors in controlling the zonation of the forest. Other important environmental influences on the vegetation include pH, organic matter content and texture of the soil. It is suggested that the whole forest be included in the National Park to create suitable conditions for adequate protection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 60 (1985), S. 113-118 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Dispersion profile ; Gradient ; Prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method is proposed to analyse the dispersion profiles of species in classes of environmental variables, based on the decomposition of the expected frequencies in contingency tables with many interacting species. The method has been applied to data of dominant or very frequent graminoid species in grasslands of the Natisone Valley (Friuli, Italy). It allowed to make predictions by removing the random component of variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 147 (2000), S. 219-225 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Anthropogenic influence ; Ordination ; Recovery ; Stratocoena
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vegetation data of the Rift Valley have been revisited using fuzzy set theory to give quantitative measures of the links between species and vegetation states. Vegetation is considered as a global indicator of both land use and natural conditions. Human activities in the area have influenced the physiognomy of vegetation so much that an apparently uniform state has developed over most of the Rift Valley floor. Fuzzy set theory has made it possible to interpret the pattern of variation in vegetation on the basis of some reference states corresponding to protected and cultivated sites. The concept of stratocoena is applied to analyse the anthropogenic influences on the tree-shrub and herb layers in order to investigate how they respond to human interference individually.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 40 (1979), S. 55-59 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Classification ; Gradient ; Intersection ; Seriation ; Table rearrangement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intersection analysis is described as a method for structuring phytosociological tables. It is based on the analysis of intersections of sets of releves defined in the sample on the basis of single species. The nearest neighbour criterion for such sets is proposed for seriation of the relevés. The method is illustrated based on an example using data from the beech woods of the Apennines (Italy).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 42 (1980), S. 35-41 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Coenocline ; Linearity ; Ordination ; Seriation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The evaluation of ordination methods through simulated coenoclines is discussed. The inconsistency of some arguments against the use of linear ordinations is stressed. The regression between the product moment correlation coefficient and the relative overlapping area of the bellshaped curves of the species of coenoclines may be fitted to a linear function. An example of a seriation of relevés along a straight line based on a linear method is given using field data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 42 (1980), S. 113-115 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Classification ; Dondrogram ; Hierachy ; Information ; Phytosociology ; Syntaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A method for defining syntaxa in sysystematics in an objective way is described. The method is based on measures of divergence of contingency tables obtained for the frequency distributions of species in given clusters, defined at different hierarchical levels of the dendrogram. The divergence is measured as an information function. The method is useful to compare different classifications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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