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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional Control in Solid Freeforming; Fabrication of 3D FGM (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 317-318 (Aug. 2006), p. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Three dimensional functional gradients have been prepared from fine powders by directink-jet printing using two methods for ink mixing and for coarser, free-flowing powders by acousticdeposition. Each of these methods can provide compositional accuracy of about 3 wt.%. These are2nd generation technologies for computer control of both shape and composition. The techniques aredescribed and their potential discussed in terms of resolution and compositional accuracy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/51/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.317-318.151.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combinatorial Ink-Jet Printer for Ceramics: Calibration (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article describes an ink-jet printer for the construction of combinatorial libraries and functionally graded ceramics. It can mix and print all possible compositions for high-throughput screening. The number of components is set by the number of mixing valves that deliver ceramic ink from pressurized reservoirs into a circulation chamber. Compositional control is by either complete or incremental change. Organic liquids and ceramic inks are used in a systematic three-stage calibration. The calibration protocol accounts for the effects of ink viscosity, reservoir pressure, valve-opening time, and temperature, but reveals unexpected segregation effects that occur in the ink after deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03536.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sintered Hydroxyapatite Latticework for Bone Substitute (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydroxyapatite suspensions were extruded through a range of nozzles from 100 to 330 μm diameter from a stepper-driven syringe. Regular latticework scaffolds were built by fused deposition modeling (FDM), a solid freeforming method, on a three-axis table using 330 μm diameter filament. The scaffolds were sintered at 1250°C to 97% density retaining the hydroxyapatite crystal structure. The scaffolds were introduced to cultured human osteoblast cells and, after 48 h, the surfaces were thoroughly covered with active cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03332.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct Ink-Jet Printing of Vertical Walls (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Direct jet printing can assemble ceramic powder into a three dimensional shape by firing droplets of ink through a nozzle to build a multiple layered structure. As with stereolithography and selective laser sintering, the surface texture is expected to witness the layered assembly. The ability to create vertical walls by direct ink-jet printing was explored using a test piece based on a maze. The structure and topography are discussed in terms of droplet spreading and drying.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00414.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formulation and Multilayer Jet Printing of Ceramic Inks (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the preparation of ceramic inks for forming ceramic components by multilayer printing using a continuous-ink-jet printer. The selection of appropriate binders and dispersants combined with high shear and ultrasonic mixing has enabled zirconia-containing inks to be printed successfully to produce 2.5 mm thick bars. Printing trials show that the method of dispersion of the ceramic powder in the ink is decisive for accurate ink droplet positioning. The quality of the vertical walls and the top surface of the bars are related closely to the rate of drying of each printed layer. Inks with higher ceramic volume loadings (up to 10%) were also studied and produced useful information for further investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02253.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Polymer Crystallinity on Morphology in Ceramic Injection Molding (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Many ceramic injection molding vehicles include semicrystalline polymers which characteristically adopt a spherulitic growth morphology. Usually the spherulites are rendered invisible by the opacity of the ceramic powder but in this study they are clearly visible. Polyoxymethylene (POM), has been used as the vehicle. The growth of the spherulites is shown to be dependent on cooling rate and hence on position in the molding. Furthermore, migration of low molecular weight additives by syneresis is shown to occur and to influence the crack path in the as-molded state. An unusual composite fractograph is shown in which fracture faces made after molding, after binder removal, and after sintering are contiguous. Only after molding does the crack path follow the spherulite boundaries; behavior that is also widely reported for unfilled POM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb01090.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aetiology of Defects in Large Ceramic Moldings (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This study is an attempt to identify the causes of defects that appear in large ceramic injection molded bodies after sintering. It asks the question: are such defects established at the injection molding stage or are they caused by the debinding process or by sintering? Moldings with ascending thickness were prepared using a mold cavity with replaceable tool faceplates. Control over pressure during solidification was compared by using conventional molding and a novel molding technique that uses an insulated sprue. The organic vehicle is polyoxymethylene, which can be displaced by catalytic degradation in the solid state. This is a shrinking unreacted core process with a clearly defined reaction boundary in which there is no provision for particle movement in the liquid state. This study tracks the development of defects at each stage and concludes that the defects apparent after sintering have their origin in injection molding, even though they do not mature until a later stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02046.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microengineering of Ceramics by Direct Ink-Jet Printing (1999)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A modified piezoelectric drop-on-demand ink-jet printer was used to build 3-D ceramic structures with cavities and overhangs by direct ceramic deposition. Inks in the form of zirconia and carbon suspensions were prepared with suitable viscosities and surface tensions. The multinozzle printer was used to microengineer small components in which support structures were created from the carbon ink and the carbon was removed after pyrolysis of the organic vehicle but before sintering the zirconia. The viability of this process is discussed in terms of machine limitations and ink drying problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01982.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of Dispersion and Viscosity of a Ceramic Jet Printing Ink (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Different amounts (0.5–10.0 wt%) of an oligomeric dispersant were added to a ceramic ink containing 30 vol% of zirconia in butyl acetate. The sediment packing densities of the resulting suspensions were measured. The viscosities of the suspensions were determined using a syringe that was adapted as a capillary viscometer suitable for the measurement of the low viscosities encountered (up to 400 mPas). The highest sediment-packing density coincided with the lowest viscosity and occurred when 1–2 wt% of dispersant, based on the ceramic, was added. Investigation of the supernatant of the suspensions by thermogravimetric analysis indicated that this amount corresponded to the highest level of adsorption of the dispersant on the ceramic. The sediment from this suspension yielded a high density on subsequent sintering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02855.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ink-Jet Printing of Wax-Based Alumina Suspensions (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Suspensions of fine alumina powder in a paraffin wax have been successfully formulated with viscosity values sufficiently low to allow ink-jet printing using a commercial printer. A commercial-grade paraffin wax, with stearylamine and a polyester, were used as the dispersant system. Suspensions with powder loadings up to 40 vol% were passed through the ink-jet printer head. Unfired ceramic bodies with a feature size of 〈100 μm have been successfully fabricated with waxes that had a powder loading of 30 vol%. The influence of suspension fluid properties on the ink-jet printing process has been studied, and the importance of the acoustic resonance within the ink-jet printing apparatus has been demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb01045.x
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