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Origins of Oblique-slip Faulting during Caldera Subsidence (2013)

Eoghan P. Holohan, Thomas R. Walter, Martin P.J. Schöpfer, John J. Walsh, Benjamin van Wyk de Vries, Valentin R. Troll

Wiley-Blackwell

In: Journal of Geophysical Research JGR - Solid Earth

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Publication Date: 2013-01-19

Description: [1] Although conventionally described as purely dip-slip, faults at caldera volcanoes may have a strike-slip displacement component. Examples occur in the calderas of Olympus Mons (Mars), Miyakejima (Japan) and Dolomieu (La Reunion). To investigate this phenomenon, we ran numerical and analog simulations of caldera subsidence caused by magma reservoir deflation. The numerical models constrain mechanical causes of oblique-slip faulting from the three-dimensional stress field in the initial elastic phase of subsidence. The analog experiments directly characterize the development of oblique-slip faulting, especially in the later, non-elastic phases of subsidence. The combined results of both approaches can account for the orientation, mode and location of oblique-slip faulting at natural calderas. Kinematically, oblique-slip faulting originates to resolve: (1) horizontal components of displacement that are directed radially toward the caldera centre; and (2) horizontal translation arising from off-centered or ‘asymmetric’ subsidence. We informally call these two origins the “camera iris” and “sliding trapdoor” effects, respectively. Our findings emphasize the fundamentally three-dimensional nature of deformation during caldera subsidence. They hence provide an improved basis for analyzing structural, geodetic and geophysical data from calderas, as well as analogous systems, such as mines and producing hydrocarbon reservoirs.

Print ISSN: 0148-0227

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).

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Distinct Element geomechanical modelling of the formation of sinkhole cluster within large-scale karstic depressions (2019)

Djamil Al-Halbouni ; Eoghan P. Holohan ; Abbas Taheri ; [et al.]

In: Solid Earth Discussions

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Publication Date: 2019-02-01

Type: http://purl.org/escidoc/metadata/ves/publication-types/article

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Shear wave reflection seismic yields subsurface dissolution and subrosion patterns: application to the Ghor Al-Haditha sinkhole site, Dead Sea, Jordan (2018)

Ulrich Polom ; Hussam Alrshdan ; Djamil Al-Halbouni ; [et al.]

In: Solid Earth

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Publication Date: 2018-09-28

Type: http://purl.org/escidoc/metadata/ves/publication-types/article

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Geomechanical modelling of sinkhole development using distinct elements: model verification for a single void space and application to the Dead Sea area (2018)

Djamil Al-Halbouni ; Eoghan P. Holohan ; Abbas Taheri ; [et al.]

In: Solid Earth

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Publication Date: 2018-11-28

Type: http://purl.org/escidoc/metadata/ves/publication-types/article

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Sinkhole Morphologies from Photogrammetry and Distinct Element Modeling—An Example from the Dead Sea (2019)

Djamil Al-Halbouni ; Eoghan P. Holohan ; Hussam Alrshdan ; [et al.]

Springer International Publishing

In: Recent Advances in Geo-Environmental Engineering, Geomechanics and Geotechnics, and Geohazards: Proceedings of the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018 | Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation : IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development

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Publication Date: 2019-02-04

Type: http://purl.org/eprint/type/BookItem

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