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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemistry of basaltic and gabbroic rocks from the West Mariana basin and the Mariana trench
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 39 (1978), S. 127-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(78)90149-8
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bearing of rare earth patterns of apatites from igneous and metamorphic rocks
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 31 (1976), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(76)90220-X
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tholeiitic basalts from the Tyrrhenian Sea floor
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 36 (1977), S. 285-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(77)90211-4
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subduction-related Jurassic andesites in the northern Great Caucasus (1995)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 84 (1995), S. 319-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Andesites ; Plate tectonics ; Great Caucasus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. During the Jurassic the major tectonic units of the Great Caucasus (Bechasyn, Front Range, Main Range and Southern Slope zone) were affected by intensive magmatic activity. Magmatism within the Bechasyn zone, the northernmost unit, which represents the southern part of the Variscan-consolidated Skythian platform is considered here. With the beginning of the Early Jurassic this zone was reactivated by subsidence, accompanied by the deposition of epicontinental shallow water sediments. The Lower Jurassic portion of this sedimentary pile was intruded by numerous sills which display a clear temporal and spatial evolution. The older basic rocks are lower in the profile than the younger, more acidic rocks. A set of 75 samples, representing all exposed sills and their feeder-dikes, was analyzed for major and 21 trace elements. All samples appear more or less affected by alteration under low greenschist facies conditions. However, these alterations essentially took place on local scales and did not affect the overall chemistry. According to their main element composition the rocks constitute a calc-alkaline series ranging from basaltic--andesitic to rhyolitic. Most of the samples are andesites. Chemically, these andesites closely resemble modern orogenic andesites occurring at convergent plate margins. Altogether, the field evidence and the chemical and mineralogical data obtained show the investigated rocks to be comagmatic and derived from basalt--andesitic initial melts by magmatic fractionation processes. Tholeiitic melts have to be considered as parental magmas, which according to the trace element characteristics of the basalt-andesitic rocks, were generated from an enriched peridotitic mantle source. 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios and δ18O values confirm the mantle origin of this rock series. The observed compositional evolution can be explained as a result of olivine and clinopyroxene fractionation of the tholeiitic melts followed by amphibole and plagioclase separation. 40Ar/39Ar measurements on biotite and plagioclase phenocrysts separated from these rocks vary between 190 and 180 Ma and thereby place the magmatic activity in the late Early Jurassic, in good agreement with the stratigraphic observations. Genetically, the calc-alkaline rocks are related to a subduction zone of the Andean type. Their chemical and isotopic compositions and their age setting corroborate the plate tectonic models for the evolution of the Caucasus orogenic belt during the Jurassic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260443
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subduction-related Jurassic andesites in the northern Great Caucasus (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 319-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Andesites ; Plate tectonics ; Great Caucasus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract During the Jurassic the major tectonic units of the Great Caucasus (Bechasyn, Front Range, Main Range and Southern Slope zone) were affected by intensive magmatic activity. Magmatism within the Bechasyn zone, the northernmost unit, which represents the southern part of the Variscan-consolidated Skythian platform is considered here. With the beginning of the Early Jurassic this zone was reactivated by subsidence, accompanied by the deposition of epicontinental shallow water sediments. The Lower Jurassic portion of this sedimentary pile was intruded by numerous sills which display a clear temporal and spatial evolution. The older basic rocks are lower in the profile than the younger, more acidic rocks. A set of 75 samples, representing all exposed sills and their feeder-dikes, was analyzed for major and 21 trace elements. All samples appear more or less affected by alteration under lower greenschist facies conditions. However, these alterations essentially took place on local scales and did not affect the overall chemistry. According to their main element composition the rocks constitute a calc-alkaline series ranging from basaltic—andesitic to rhyolitic. Most of the samples are andesites. Chemically, these andesites closely resemble modern orogenic andesites occurring at convergent plate margins. Altogether, the field evidence and the chemical and mineralogical data obtained show the investigated rocks to be comagmatic and derived from basalt—andesitic initial melts by magmatic fractionation processes. Tholeiitic melts have to be considered as parental magmas, which according to the trace element characteristics of the basalt-andesitic rocks, were generated from an enriched peridotitic mantle source. 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios and σ18O values confirm the mantle origin of this rock series. The observed compositional evolution can be explained as a result of olivine and clinopyroxene fractionation of the tholeitic melts followed by amphibole and plagioclase separation. 40Ar/39Ar measurements on biotite and plagioclase phenocrysts separated from these rocks vary between 190 and 180 Ma and thereby place the magmatic activity in the late Early Jurassic, in good agreement with the stratigraphic observations. Genetically, the calc-alkaline rocks are related to a subduction zone of the Andean type. Their chemical and isotopic compositions and their age setting corroborate the plate tectonic models for the evolution of the Caucasus orogenic belt during the Jurassic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260443
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxygen isotope composition of Hercynian granites and pre-Hercynian gneisses from the Schwarzwald, SW Germany (1983)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 83 (1983), S. 320-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The oxygen isotope composition of 56 Hercynian granites and 42 pre-Hercynian gneisses has been investigated. In addition some mineral δ 18O data and 5 δD values of whole rocks have been obtained. The granites from the N-Schwarzwald show, in general, relatively uniform δ 18O values between 11.5 and 13.5‰, those from the S-Schwarzwald are less uniform and lighter in 18O and range from 2.3 to 11.5‰. The gneisses from the pre-Hercynian basement exhibit more or less the same variation and range from 1.7 to 10.4‰. δ 18O values 〈6‰ only occur in the S-Schwarzwald and obviously indicate hydrothermal interactions of meteoric waters, which probably took place after the emplacement and solidification of the granites and which equally affected granites and gneisses. Due to the nearly identical 18O/16O ratios of S-Schwarzwald granites and gneisses, it is proposed that such gneisses in the pre-Hercynian basement qualify as the precursor rocks of the S-Schwarzwald, granites whereas for the N-Schwarzwald granites crustal rocks with heavier δ 18O values, unknown from the present surface, have to be postulated. This distribution is also reflected on a 87Sr/86Sr-18O/16O diagram.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371200
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper-crustal strength inferred from stress measurements to 6 km depth in the KTB borehole (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 365 (1993), S. 633-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The KTB (Kontinentales Tiefbohrprogramm der Bundesrepu-blik Deutschland) drillsite is located in an area of occasional minor seismicity where highly deformed Palaeozoic meta-morphic rocks have been intruded by Variscan (late Palaeozoic) granites. In the first phase of the drilling project ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/365633a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DSDP Hole 504B, the first reference section over 1 km through Layer 2 of the oceanic crust (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 300 (1982), S. 589-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Hole 504B provides a reference section for correlation of in situ petrological and geophysical studies with regional crustal models based on dredged samples and remote surveys; and, at least for the medium-spreading-rate Costa Rica Rift, Hole 504B confirms that the main features of the upper part ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/300589a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ electrical resistivity and bulk porosity of the oceanic crust Costa Rica Rift (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 300 (1982), S. 594-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In situ electrical resistivity was measured in DSDP Hole 504B to a depth of 1,013 m into oceanic basement. Apparent resistivities are about 10 Ω m in about 600 m of pillow lavas, sharply increasing to nearly 1,000 Ω m in the underlying dykes. Bulk porosities calculated from ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/300594a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REE characteristics of ocean floor basalts from the MAR 37 °N (Leg 37 DSDP) (1977)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 62 (1977), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract On a total of 62 basalt samples from five different sites of Leg 37 DSDP the abundances of the REE La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb and Lu have been determined by INAA. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns show a surprising variability even within one single hole. Distribution curves, so far regarded as being typical for “abyssal tholeiites” have only been found in two of the samples. Most basalts are characterised by an enrichment of the lighter RE over the heavier, the La/Sm enrichment factor varying from 2.0 to 1.0. Several samples exhibit chondritic, i.e. unfractionated patterns. These rocks show the lowest overall enrichment, A few basalts have pronounced positive Eu anomalies and in one case a negative Eu anomaly was found. The extrapolated ΣREE in all basalts is low, lying between 19 and 57.5 ppm. A grouping and correlation of basalt sequences according to their REE patterns is not possible even between two adjacent holes which were drilled only 100 m apart. The data obtained do not support the view that the source effect (RE abundances in the starting material, degree of partial melting etc.), is the dominant factor in determining the RE characteristics of the basalts investigated. It is rather concluded, that the observed RE abundances are strongly affected by fractionation processes in small, shallow-seated magma chambers and that these processes overprinted the original mantle inherited RE patterns. Possibly Ti-magnetite, which has not been taken into consideration in previous models, may be of major importance in this respect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371026
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