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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid neon sources for plasmas and x-ray lasers (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 471-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A thin layer of frozen neon is condensed onto a cryogenically cooled substrate for use in generating a neon plasma for x-ray laser research. The freezing process and quasiequilibrium state of the layer are discussed. Spectral purity of a neon plasma formed by laser irradiation has been demonstrated. Control of the layer thinness is possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138526
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic measurements of target preheating on OMEGA (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 1246-1251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The preheating of laser-heated microballoon targets has been measured by time-resolved x-ray and extreme ultraviolet (euv) spectroscopy on the 30 kJ, 60-beam (maxima), 351 nm, laser-fusion system at the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics. Thin coatings of aluminum overcoated with magnesium served as indicators. Both the sequence of the x-ray line emission and the intensity of euv radiation were used to determine a preheating peaking at ∼10 nsec prior to onset of the main laser pulse, with a power density (approximately-less-than)1% of the main pulse. The measurements are supported by numerical modeling. Further information is provided by absorption spectra from the aluminum coating, backlighted by continuum from the heated surface. The exact source of the preheating energy remains unknown at present, but most likely arrives from early laser leakage through the system. The present target diagnostic is particularly useful when all beams cannot be monitored directly at all laser wavelengths. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873935
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray damage to optical components using a laser-plasma source (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 5432-5436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray damage to optical surfaces consisting of melting, fracturing, cracking, and cratering is produced, and then analyzed using interference contrast microscopy and stylus profilometery. The test samples are irradiated by 0.5–1.6 keV x rays at fluence levels up to 5.5 cal/cm2. The x rays originate from L-shell transitions in copper ions, produced when 1.25-μm-thick targets are irradiated at 1.3 kJ energy by a 1.054 μm wavelength laser. The x-ray emission is found to be nearly isotropic over 2π sr, while the plasma mass-flow distribution is peaked along the laser axis. Hence, contamination of the test sample by target debris or plasma is greatly reduced by placing the samples off axis from the laser beam, in addition to the use of beryllium shields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354250
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radially resolved spectral observations of polyacetal capillary discharge plasmas (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2847-2852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temporal evolution of the radial profile of lithium-like oxygen (OVI or O5+) 3d-4f, 52.0 nm emission from 80 ns rise time, 6–16 kA peak current, pulsed capillary discharges in 1 mm diam, 1 cm long polyacetal capillaries, has been studied. Evidence was seen for a central "flattening'' in this emission. Extreme-ultraviolet, time-integrated, pinhole transmission grating spectra were taken of discharges at 16 and 23 kA peak currents in 0.5 mm diam, 1 cm long capillaries. Spectra obtained at the higher peak current (23 kA) showed evidence of helium-like (CV or C4+) and/or hydrogen-like carbon (CV or C5+) resonance line emission (4.0 and 3.4 nm wavelength) filling the capillary diameter. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871183
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray spectroscopic diagnostics of a copper plasma produced by a laser line focused onto a thin foil (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2052-2054 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 500-J, 2–6-ns, Nd laser was focused to a 100-μm-wide line on a thin (375–1500 A(ring)) copper film of 4–23 mm length, supported by a 1500-A(ring) thick Formvar substrate. Space-resolved 8–16-A(ring) wavelength x-ray spectroscopy and pinhole photography were utilized. The main spectral features include intense neon-like Cu xx lines, and somewhat less intense Cu xix and xxi lines. Two types of axial structure are observed, one characterized by a finely ((approximately-less-than)100 μm) corrugated structure, and the other by a mm scale irregular nonuniformity. The former could well be due to breakups caused by a filamentation instability. The latter appears to be associated with a mismatch between the laser pulse rise time and a characteristic (thickness-dependent) foil heating time, which makes it very sensitive to both laser-beam and copper-coating nonuniformities. The electron temperature in the Cu xx plasma, as estimated from intensity ratios of the 2p-nd (n≥4) transition lines, increases with copper thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138787
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extending x-ray streak camera operation to vacuum ultraviolet wavelengths : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 713-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A major limitation in the use of x-ray streak cameras at longer wavelengths in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region is the strong absorption of the radiation in the conductive thin films that are used for transmission photocathode substrates. Reflection photocathodes require off-axis illumination and hence do not couple easily to instruments such as flat-field spectrographs. We are investigating the use and optimization of an open-geometry photocathode structure consisting of a fine-mesh wire screen coated with the photoemissive material. Photons impinge directly onto this coated screen. Photoelectrons emitted from the side surfaces of the wires are accelerated into the streak tube by the applied field penetrating into the plane of the wire screen. Coatings of CsI and CuI are under study. Laser-produced plasmas, as well as discharge sources, are being used for the testing and optimization. A flat-field grazing-incidence spectrograph and a 1 m, normal-incidence spectrograph are used to cover the spectral region from 3 to 200 nm. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146267
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray damage in optical coatings : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 795-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Thin film coatings are susceptible to high intensity x-ray damage. The PHAROS III laser was utilized to generate a point source of x-ray emission used to determine the damage threshold of AR-coated space optics. Thin filters coupled with magnets were used to shield the specimens from thermal radiation and plasma debris. Grids supporting the thin filters could be patterned into the coatings. The surface morphology of damaged specimens has been examined with SEM and AFM microscopes to determine the nature of the damage in multilayer AR coatings. Microscopic techniques were used to measure the depths of coating damage and edge sharpness in the patterned region. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146224
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved measurements of x-ray damage to optical coatings (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 1184-1191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin film optical coatings are susceptible to damage by high intensity x rays. Time-resolved measurements of this damage are required to better understand the mechanism, so that more rugged coatings can be developed. In the present experiment, dark-field shadowgraphy was used to temporally map the x-ray damage across the surface of certain anti-reflecting (AR) coatings. Two beams from the NRL PHAROS III high power Nd:glass laser system were utilized to generate a point source of plasma x rays, which in turn was used to irradiate and damage the optical coatings. Thin, opaque filters, coupled with permanent magnets and pinholes, were used to shield the optical samples from ultraviolet and charged-particle damage, respectively. The absolute, time-integrated x-ray fluence was measured with a crystal spectrograph, and also was temporally resolved with an x-ray diode. The surface morphology of the damaged optical samples was examined after each shot visually, and later with a profilometer as well as with both scanning electron- and atomic-force microscopes. A measured threshold fluence for damage of 0.049±30% cal/cm2 agrees very well with a radiation-damage code prediction of 0.046 cal/cm2. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363861
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-RAY LASER RESEARCH: GUIDELINES AND PROGRESS AT THE NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 267 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb41593.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory-produced radiation related to the solar flare emission (1972)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 13 (1972), S. 747-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A review is given of continuing efforts to generate laboratory spectra at photon energies above 1 keV from highly ionized atoms. Emphasis is placed on the most easily-interpreted highest ion stages such as the hydrogenic, helium-like and lithium-like species. The close similarities to solar flare observations of certain signatures, such as the line and continuum X-ray spectra and microwave emission as well as their sequence of occurrence, are pointed out and scaling factors are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213510
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