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  • 1
    Call number: MOP B 18848
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 88 S.
    Series Statement: IMOU-Report 87,2
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Phytoseiulus persimilis ; Tetranychus urticae ; biological control ; selection ; adaptation ; life-history traits ; food quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis is frequently reported to perform poorly on greenhouse tomatoes. As the predators are mass-reared on another host plant (bean), we supposed that they are poorly adapted to tomato, a plant densely packed with poisonous and sticky glandular hairs. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the control capacity of a stain of P. persimilis directly obtained from a mass rearing with the same strain after four generations on tomato. Both strains were released in a tomato crop in two identical compartments of a greenhouse and the population dynamics of prey (a tomato strain of Tetranychus urticae) and predator were recorded at weekly time intervals. It was found that the strain previously exposed to a tomato environment performed better than the unexposed strain: (1) its population increased faster; (2) the prey population declined faster; and (3) the damage to new-grown tomato leaved was considerably lower. To investigate the caused of the difference in performance between the exposed and unexposed strains, oviposition and survival rates were assessed on a diet of two spotted spider mites on tomato leaf sections. In addition, the unexposed strian was tested on a diet of two-spotted spider mites on bean leaf sections. The difference in oviposition rates of both predator strains was small compare to the overall mean. however, the oviposition rate of the first generaton of predators since transfer from hean to tomato dropped to less than half of the original value. Moreover, mortality in the first generation increased from 14% to 89%, whereas it decreased to 0% after four generations. Future research should clarify whether these changes in life history are due to selection or tho physiological adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: associative learning ; sensitisation ; innate response ; herbivore-induced plant volatiles ; Phytoseiulus persimilis ; olfactometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When the chemical cues co-occurring with prey vary in time and space, foraging predators profit from an ability to repeatedly associate chemical cues with the presence of their prey. We demonstrate the ability of a predatory arthropod (the plant-inhabiting mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis) to learn the association of a positive stimulus (herbivorous prey, Tetranychus urticae) or a negative stimulus (hunger) with a chemical cue (herbivore-induced plant volatiles or green leaf volatiles). It has been suggested that the rate at which the integration of information becomes manifest as a change in behaviour, differs between categories of natural enemies (parasitoids versus insect predators; specialist versus generalist predators). We argue that these differences do not necessarily reflect differential learning ability, but rather relate to the ecologically relevant time scale at which the biotic environment changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Leaf volatiles ; synomones ; pear tree ; Psylla ; Anthocoris ; induced response ; tritrophic interaction ; attraction ; GC-MS ; olfactometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Previous work showed that anthocorid predators aggregate around gauze cages containing Psylla-infested trees in a pear orchard. Because anthocorids responded to odor from Psylla-infested leaves in a laboratory test, it was hypothesized that these aggregative responses in the field were triggered by olfaction of compounds associated with Psylla injury. We present chemical analyses of volatiles from damaged and undamaged plants and studies on behavioral responses of anthocorid predators to compounds released by damaged plants. Leaf headspace volatiles from clean and Psylla-infested pear trees were collected on Tenax and identified by GC-MS after thermodesorption. Twelve volatiles were found exclusively in headspace samples from Psylla-infested leaves. Six were present in significantly higher quantities in samples from infested leaves: the monoterpene, (E,E)-α-farnesene, the phenolic, methyl salicylate, and the green leaf compounds, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexyl-acetate, and 1-penten-3-ol. These compounds are known to be produced by plants, and damage by pear psyllids seems to trigger their emission. Blend composition varied and was partly correlated with tree or leaf age and degree of Psylla infestation. To study whether compounds associated with leaf injury elicit olfactory responses in anthocorid predators, apple-extracted (E,E)-α-farnesene, synthetic methyl salicylate, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate were offered in a Y-tube olfactometer to field-collected adult Anthocoris spp. Significant positive responses were found to both the monoterpene and the phenolic, but not to the green leaf volatile. The results lend support to the hypothesis that predator attraction to herbivore-infested pear trees is mediated by herbivory-induced plant volatiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-6981
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-2442
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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