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1

Monograph available for loan

Changing climates, earth systems and society (2010)

Dodson, John [Hrsg.]

Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer

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Call number: M 11.0150

Description / Table of Contents: The book covers state-of-the-art considerations on how climate change has and will deliver impacts on major globalised biophysical and societal themes that will affect the way the world functions. Human activity has resulted in changes to atmospheric chemistry and land cover, and caused serious decline in biodiversity. Modifying biogeochemical cycles leads to complex feedbacks. The future climate will have impact on food security and agriculture, water supply and quality, storm and cyclone frequency, shoreline stability, biodiversity and the future of biological resources. Earth scientists might be asked to forecast any potential abrupt or environmental surprises. A sound knowledge of the Earth System will improve the chances of achieving this, by developing climate models that will reduce the degree of uncertainty in regional climate prediction. . This volume sets out a framework of research issues that show how the Earth sciences contribute to a better understanding of climate change and suggests where future research will best contribute to the wellbeing of society.The key topics discussed are: - climate change patterns over the last four glacial cycles; - the variability in climate over the last 1000 years; - impact that past climate change has had on societies; - the role of human activities in climate forcing; - the role of models in predicting future climate and how we can assess their merit; - the future and likely future climate trajectories.The book examines how climate change has and will deliver impacts on major globalized biophysical and societal themes that will affect the way the world functions. It shows how the Earth sciences contribute to a better understanding of climate change.

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: XX, 244 S. , Ill., graph Darst. , 260 mm x 193 mm

ISBN: 9789048187157

Series Statement: International Year of Planet Earth

Classification:

Meteorology and Climatology

Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:2010

Location: Upper compact magazine

Branch Library: GFZ Library

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Pollen-based REVEALS estimates of plant cover in Europe for 36 grid-cells and the last 11700 years (2019)

Marquer, Laurent ; Gaillard, Marie-José ; Sugita, Shinya ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Marquer, Laurent; Gaillard, Marie-José; Sugita, Shinya; Poska, Anneli; Trondman, Anna-Kari; Mazier, Florence; Nielsen, Anne Birgitte; Fyfe, Ralph M; Jönsson, Anna Maria; Smith, Benjamin; Kaplan, Jed O; Alenius, Teja; Birks, H John B; Bjune, Anne Elisabeth; Christiansen, Jörg; Dodson, John; Edwards, Kevin J; Giesecke, Thomas; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Kangur, Mihkel; Koff, Tiiu; Latalowa, Malgorzata; Lechterbeck, Jutta; Olofsson, Jörgen; Seppä, Heikki (2017): Quantifying the effects of land use and climate on Holocene vegetation in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 171, 20-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.07.001

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Publication Date: 2023-11-18

Description: This dataset corresponds to the pollen-based REVEALS estimates of 25 plant taxa for Europe and associated standard errors, published in Marquer et al. (2017). This is part of the results from the Swedish project LandClim I (Gaillard et al., 2010; Trondman et al., 2015; Marquer et al., 2014, 2017). The study area includes a large part of northern and Central Europe, i.e. Ireland, Great Britain and a latitudinal transect from the Alps in the south to northernmost Norway. These REVEALS estimates are based on 151 pollen records (small/large, lakes/bogs/mires) that were selected from the European Pollen Database (Fyfe et al., 2009; Giesecke et al., 2014), the Alpine Palynological Data-Base (University of Bern, Switzerland), or were provided directly by individual data contributors. The selected pollen records are grouped into 36 1° x 1° grid-cells. Twenty-five consecutive time windows over the last 11,700 years BP are used: 0-100, 100-350, 350-700 BP for the three first time windows, and 500 calendar years each from 700 to 11,700 BP. For details about the REVEALS model, see Sugita (2007). In the excel file, the folder "Metadata" contains the explanation of abbreviations in the data folders and information about the pollen records used for the REVEALS reconstructions. All REVEALS estimates and their SEs are given in proportions of the grid cell (the total of all REVEALS estimates sum up to 1). The codes of the 25 consecutive time windows are given in the folder "Code time windows". The results of the 36 grid cells are in the folder "REVEALS 36GCs" and the related standard errors in the folder "SE_REVEALS 36GCs". Note that in the folder "Metadata", the GPS coordinates correspond to the upper left (NW) corners of each grid cell.

Keywords: AWI_Envi; Europe; Holocene; Past land cover; Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems @ AWI; Pollen; REVEALS

Type: Dataset

Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet, 392.2 kBytes

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Charcoal records of two sediment cores off SW Africa (2012)

Daniau, Anne-Laure ; Bartlein, Patrick J ; Harrison, S P ; [et al.]

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In: Supplement to: Daniau, Anne-Laure; Bartlein, Patrick J; Harrison, S P; Prentice, Iain Colin; Brewer, Simon; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Harrison-Prentice, T I; Inoue, J; Izumi, K; Marlon, Jennifer R; Mooney, Scott D; Power, Mitchell J; Stevenson, J; Tinner, Willy; Andric, M; Atanassova, J; Behling, Hermann; Black, M; Blarquez, O; Brown, K J; Carcaillet, C; Colhoun, Eric A; Colombaroli, Daniele; Davis, Basil A S; D'Costa, D; Dodson, John; Dupont, Lydie M; Eshetu, Z; Gavin, D G; Genries, A; Haberle, Simon G; Hallett, D J; Hope, Geoffrey; Horn, S P; Kassa, T G; Katamura, F; Kennedy, L M; Kershaw, A Peter; Krivonogov, S; Long, C; Magri, Donatella; Marinova, E; McKenzie, G Merna; Moreno, P I; Moss, Patrick T; Neumann, F H; Norstrom, E; Paitre, C; Rius, D; Roberts, Neil; Robinson, G S; Sasaki, N; Scott, Louis; Takahara, H; Terwilliger, V; Thevenon, Florian; Turner, R; Valsecchi, V G; Vannière, Boris; Walsh, M; Williams, N; Zhang, Yancheng (2012): Predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 26(4), https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004249

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Publication Date: 2024-01-13

Description: We analyze sedimentary charcoal records to show that the changes in fire regime over the past 21,000 yrs are predictable from changes in regional climates. Analyses of paleo- fire data show that fire increases monotonically with changes in temperature and peaks at intermediate moisture levels, and that temperature is quantitatively the most important driver of changes in biomass burning over the past 21,000 yrs. Given that a similar relationship between climate drivers and fire emerges from analyses of the interannual variability in biomass burning shown by remote-sensing observations of month-by-month burnt area between 1996 and 2008, our results signal a serious cause for concern in the face of continuing global warming.

Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; MARUM

Type: Dataset

Format: application/zip, 2 datasets

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Electronic Resource

Two fine-resolution Pliocene charcoal records and their bearing on pre-human fire frequency in south-western Australia (2005)

DODSON, JOHN R. ; ROBINSON, MICHAEL ; TARDY, CLAUDINE

Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty

Austral ecology 30 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1442-9993

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Yallalie is a probable meteor impact crater and in the Upper Pliocene contained a substantial lake. Two Mid-Pliocene finely laminated sediment records from Palaeolake Yallalie, from about 3 million years ago, provide evidence of fire and fire frequency in the sclerophyll woodland and heaths of south-western Australia in the absence of humans. Fine charcoal was observed in all samples examined, and was deposited at a rate of about 0.3–0.8 cm2 cm−2 year−1 in Palaeolake Yallalie. This evidence suggests the occurrence of annual fires occurring every year in the slightly warmer and wetter climate compared with today. The near coastal western location and the prevailing westerly winds probably carry charcoal from the near region or lake catchment scale. The data indicate that local fires occurred at a variety of time intervals between 3 and 13 years, with a typical average of 6–10 years. The results are comparable with those of Atahan et al. (2004) for the same site but from a period of about 200 000 years later in the Mid-Pliocene. Thus, the records which differ in age by some hundreds of thousands of years have all recorded fire frequencies that are longer than for the historical period and this may have important implications for the long-term survival of the integrity of the high biodiversity plant communities of the region.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01490.x

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Electronic Resource

Evolution of late pleistocene and holocene climates in the circum-south pacific land areas (1992)

Markgraf, Vera ; Dodson, John R. ; Kershaw, A. Peter ; [et al.]

Springer

Climate dynamics 6 (1992), S. 193-211

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ISSN: 1432-0894

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract Paleovegetation maps were reconstructed based on a network of pollen records from Australia, New Zealand, and southern South America for 18 000, 12000, 9000, 6000, and 3000 BP and interpreted in terms of paleoclimatic patterns. These patterns permitted us to speculate on past atmospheric circulation in the South Pacific and the underlying forcing missing line mechanisms. During full glacial times, with vastly extended Australasian land area and circum-Antarctic ice-shelves, arid and cold conditions characterized all circum-South Pacific land areas, except for a narrow band in southern South America (43° to 45°S) that might have been even wetter and moister than today. This implies that ridging at subtropical and mid-latitudes must have been greatly increased and that the storm tracks were located farther south than today. At 12000 BP when precipitation had increased in southern Australia, New Zealand, and the mid-latitudes of South America, ridging was probably still as strong as before but had shifted into the eastern Pacific, leading to weaker westerlies in the western Pacific and more southerly located westerlies in the eastern Pacific. At 9000 BP when, except for northernmost Australia, precipitation reached near modern levels, the south Pacific ridges and the westerlies must have weakened. Because of the continuing land connection between New Guinea and Australia, and reduced seasonality, the monsoon pattern had still not developed. By 6000 BP, moisture levels in Australia and New Zealand reached their maximum, indicating that the monsoon pattern had become established. Ridging in the South Pacific was probably weaker than today, and the seasonal shift of the westerlies was stronger than before. By 3000 BP essentially modern conditions had been achieved, characterized by patterns of high seasonal variability.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193532

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Electronic Resource

Calcium carbonate formation by Enteromorpha nana algae in a hypersaline volcanic crater lake (1974)

Dodson, John

Springer

Hydrobiologia 44 (1974), S. 247-255

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract On the black basaltic rock surfaces in shallow water around the margin of Lake Gnotuk, and for several meters above the present lake, there is a thick white coating of aragonite marl. The water in the lake is supersaturated with CaCO3. From close observation and experimental work, it is evident that the marl is produced by the alga Entermorpha nana which lives in the shallow lake water and grows attached to the basalt. The general mechanism of CaCO3 precipitation by aquatic plants is outlined, and in Enteromorpha nana it can be demonstrated that the closed tubular thallus absorbs HCO-3 from the outside water and secretes CO2-3 inside the tube. This secretion of CO2-3 greatly increases the ionic product of [Ca2+] [CO2-3] in the water inside the thallus and leads to the precipitation of aragonite and its accumulation at the base of the tube.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187274

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Extreme weather events recorded by daily to hourly resolution biogeochemical proxies of marine giant clam shells (2020)

Yan, Hong ; Liu, Chengcheng ; An, Zhisheng ; [et al.]

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2020; 117(13): 7038-7043. Published 2020 Mar 16. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1916784117.

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Publication Date: 2020-03-16

Description: Paleoclimate research has built a framework for Earth’s climate changes over the past 65 million years or even longer. However, our knowledge of weather-timescale extreme events (WEEs, also named paleoweather), which usually occur over several days or hours, under different climate regimes is almost blank because current paleoclimatic records rarely provide information with temporal resolution shorter than monthly scale. Here we show that giant clam shells (Tridacna spp.) from the tropical western Pacific have clear daily growth bands, and several 2-y-long (from January 29, 2012 to December 9, 2013) daily to hourly resolution biological and geochemical records, including daily growth rate, hourly elements/Ca ratios, and fluorescence intensity, were obtained. We found that the pulsed changes of these ultra-high-resolution proxy records clearly matched with the typical instrumental WEEs, for example, tropical cyclones during the summer−autumn and cold surges during the winter. When a tropical cyclone passes through or approaches the sampling site, the growth rate of Tridacna shell decreases abruptly due to the bad weather. Meanwhile, enhanced vertical mixing brings nutrient-enriched subsurface water to the surface, resulting in a high Fe/Ca ratio and strong fluorescence intensity (induced by phytoplankton bloom) in the shell. Our results demonstrate that Tridacna shell has the potential to be used as an ultra-high-resolution archive for paleoweather reconstructions. The fossil shells living in different geological times can be built as a Geological Weather Station network to lengthen the modern instrumental data and investigate the WEEs under various climate conditions.

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General