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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of helium gas in a deuterium environment (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The detection of helium in a deuterium gas environment (both mass 4) is an important task in the field of nuclear fusion physics. To fulfill this purpose a detector has been developed which is based on spectroscopic measurement techniques. For the excitation of the helium and deuterium atoms different electron sources have been tested. Most sources had to be rejected because they either produce a disturbingly high background light level or cannot be operated reproducibly after venting or are mechanically not stable enough. The best line emitting light source has been found to be a Penning gauge. The light is collected in an optical fiber bundle, transferred away from the tokamak experiment to an area more easily accessible, split by interference filters into Dα light and the light of a strong He i line, and detected by photomultipliers. Unfortunately broad spectral lines from the deuterium molecule superimpose the strongest He i lines and have nearly the same intensity as the helium lines at a He concentration of about 5%. Therefore, some effort is necessary to deduce the partial pressures of helium and deuterium. A method is described which yields the calibration factors for the observed nonlinear pressure response of the spectral lines. The lower limit for the determination of the helium concentration presently amounts to about 1%–2%; the time resolution of the system is of the order of a few milliseconds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142957
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of modern optical fiber technology to the study of plasmas of closed divertors and pump limiters in reactor-relevant conditions : Eighth topical conference on high—temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2943-2945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Modern optical fibers, through control of the purity of the materials and the tolerances of the core and clad diameters, provide very good light transmission in the visible and near-ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. This makes it possible to use them in place of traditional optical systems without large losses in light intensity at the detectors. In addition, the same control of the quality of the fiber materials, coupled with novel jacket materials, makes it possible to use the fibers inside vacuum chambers and at elevated temperatures. A fiber-optic bundle recently installed in the TEXTOR tokamak is an example of the use of modern fiber technology. The bundle was made of 80 100-μm fibers held together with a polyimide organic material that has good outgassing specifications up to 400 °C. This fiber bundle has been used for recent measurements of the recycling in the throat region of one of the blades of the Advanced Limiter Test-II (ALT-II) belt pump limiter. Another system presently under design and testing employs individual fibers that are gold plated. These fibers are fed through holes in a vacuum blank flange and silver soldered to the flange. This system is designed to transmit the light from the strike point inside the closed divertor of the DIII-D tokamak out to a spectrometer. There, the spectral profile of the Hα line is analyzed to determine the energy distribution of the recycling particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141784
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese funktioneller Carbonsäure-Silylester (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 552 (1987), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Functional Carboxylic Acid SilylesterDi-tert-butylsilandiol reacts with organic acid chlorides to chlorosilanoles R2Si(OH)Cl 1 (R = t-Bu). The phosphoric acid silylester 2 is obtained from 1 and POCl3. Lithiated halogenosilanoles react with carboxylic acid chlorides to give silylesters (3-7). Lithium (trimethyl-acetoxy)silanolate 8 is obtained in the reaction of the lithiated diol with the chloride of trimethylacetic acid. The analogous reaction with benzoyl chloride lead to the formation of the bis(benzoic acid) silylester 9. The condensation product 10 is obtained in the reaktion of the lithiated aminosilanol (t-Bu)2Si(NH2)OLi with trimethylacetic acid chlorid and condensation of the formed ester with aminosilanol.
    Notes: Di-tert- butylsilandiol reagiert mit organischen Säurechloriden zum Chlorsilanol R2Si(OH)Cl 1 (R = t-Bu). Der Phosphorsäure-Silylester 2 entsteht aus 1 und POCl3. Lithiierte Halogensilanole reagieren mit Carbonsäurechloriden zu Silylestern (3-7). In der Reaktion des lithiierten Diols mit Trimethylessigsäurechlorid wird das Lithium(trimethylatoxy)silanolat 8 erhalten. Die analoge Reaktion mit Benzoylchlorid führt zur Bildung des Bis(benzoesäure)silylesters 9. Das Kondensationsprodukt 10 entsteht in der Reaktion des lithiierten Aminosilanols (t-Bu)2Si(NH2)OLi mit Trimethylessigsäurechlorid unter Kondensation des gebildeten Esters mit Aminosilanol.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19875520922
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorsilyl- und Fluorboryl-substituierte Cyclotetrasilazane Synthese und Kristallstrukturen (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 584 (1990), S. 87-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Fluorosilyl and Fluoroboryl Substituted Cyclotetrasilazanes. Synthesis and Crystal StructuresMono- and dilithiated octamethylcyclotetrasilazanes (1, 6) react with fluorosilanes and F2BN(SiMe3)2, respectively, under retention of the cyclotetrasilazane structure yielding the mono- and disubstituted compounds 2-5 and 7-13. In the reaction of the dilithium compound 6 with a fluorsilane in equivalent amounts, the bicyclic compounds 14 and 15 are obtained. Crystallographic investigations of the compounds 2, 3, 8, and 9 indicate that the monosilylated eight-membered ring has a cradle conformation while the disilylated ring has a chair conformation. The X-ray structure of the bicyclic system 14 indicates that the nitrogen atoms of the Si3N-units have a pyramidal environment.
    Notes: Mono- und dilithiiertes Octamethylcyclotetrasilazan (1, 6) reagieren mit Fluorsilanen bzw. F2BN(SiMe3)2 unter Erhalt des Cyclotetrasilazangerüstes zu den mono- und disubstituierten Verbindungen 2-5 und 7-13. Bei der Umsetzung des Dilithiumsalzes (6) mit einem Fluorsilan im Molverhältnis von 1:1 werden die Bicyclen 14 und 15 erhalten. Kristallographische Untersuchungen von 2, 3, 8 und 9 zeigen, daß der monosilylierte Achtring in einer Wannen-, der disilylierte Achtring in einer Sesselkonformation vorliegt. In der Kristallstruktur des Bicyclus 14 zeigen die Stickstoffatome der Si3N-Einheiten eine pyramidale Umgebung.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19905840107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithium-bis(silyl)amide und Tris(silyl)amine Synthese und KristallstrukturenProfessor Ulrich Wannagat zum 70. Geburtstage gewidmet. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 836-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Lithium-bis(silyl)amides ; LiF-adducts ; dimeric iminosilanes ; lithium-(chlorosilyl)silylamides ; tris(fluorosilyl)amines ; Si—N-rotational barrier ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Lithium Bis(silyl)amides and Tris(silyl)amines Synthesis and Crystal StructuresLithiated di-tert-butylfluorosilylamine reacts with difluorosilanes by substitution (1, 2). The siloxy-(3, 4) and tert-butyloxy-(5)-silylamines are formed in reaction of 1 and 2 with LiOR (R = SiMe3, CMe3). The lithium derivatives of 3 and 4 are dimers forming an (LiFSiN)2-eight-membered ring (6, 7a). Using 12 crown-4 the amide and the coordinated lithium are forming free ions (7 c). The lithium derivative of 5 (8) crystallizes as a dimeric LiF-adduct of an iminosilane, forming a LiF-four-membered ring. In thf 7 reacts with Me3SiCl by a fluorine/chlorine exchange and 9 is obtained. In 9 lithium is coordinated with nitrogen, oxygen and two thf molecules, forming an (SiNOLi)-four-membered ring. 6 and 7 react with fluorosilanes to give tris(silyl)amines 10-12.
    Notes: Lithiiertes Di-tert-butylfluorsilylamin reagiert mit Difluorsilanen unter Substitution (1, 2). Die Siloxy-(3, 4) und tert-Butyloxy-(5)-silylamine werden bei der Reaktion von 1 und 2 mit LiOR (R = SiMe3, CMe3) gebildet. Die Lithiumderivate von 3 und 4 kristallisieren als Dimere über einen (LiFSiN)2-achtgliedrigen Ring (6, 7a). Durch Zugabe von 12 Krone-4 entstehen das Amid und koordiniertes Lithium als freie Ionen (7 c). Das Lithiumderivat von 5 (8) kristallisiert als dimeres LiF-Addukt eines Iminosilans über einen LiF-Vierring. 7 reagiert in THF mit ClSiMe3 unter Fluor-Chlor-Austausch zum lithiierten Aminochlorsilan 9. In 9 ist Lithium mit Stickstoff, Sauerstoff und 2 THF-Molekülen koordiniert. Es entsteht ein (SiNOLi)-Vierring. Mit Fluorsilanen reagieren 6 und 7 zu den Tris(silyl)aminen 10-12.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19936190505
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bis(Cyclodisilazan-1-yl)dimethylsilane Synthese und Reaktionen (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 612 (1992), S. 130-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Bis(cyclodisilazane-1-y1)dimethylsilanes ; preparation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bis(cyclodisilazane-1-yl) dimethylsilanes  -  Synthesis and ReactionsThe monolithium derivate of trisilazan-1-yl-cyclodisilazane 1 reacts with F3SiN (SiMe3)2 with substitution. The silyl-bridged cyclodisilazanes 3-6 are formed in the reaction of the dilithium derivate of 1 with fluoro- and chlorosilanes. Using lithiumamide and lithiummethanolate a controlled exchange of one fluoro atom of 4 occurs (7,8). 9 and 10 are formed by hydrolysis of 4. The aminofunctional compounds 11 und 12 are obtained in the reaction of 5 and 6 with NH3. The dispirocyclus 13 is formed in the reaction of 8 with tert.-butyllithium. The reaction of dilithiated 1 with 4 gives the spirocyclus 14. The crystal structure of 14 is discussed.
    Notes: Das Monolithiumderivat des Trisilazan-1-yl-cyclodisilazans 1 reagiert mit F3SiN(SiMe3)2 unter Substitution. Die silylgekoppelten Cyclodisilazane 3-6 werden bei der Reaktion des Dilithiumderivates von 1 mit Fluor-und Chlorsilanen gebildet. Mit Lithiumamid und Lithiummethanolat ist der gezielte Austausch eines Fluorsubstituenten von 4 möglich (7,8). 9 und 10 entstehen bei der Hydrolyse von 4. Die aminofunktionellen Verbindungen 11 und 12 werden in der Reaktion von 5 und 6 mit Ammoniak erhalten. Die Reaktion von 8 mit tert.-Butyllithium liefert den Dispirocyclus 13. Bei der Reaktion von dilithiiertem 1 mit 4 entsteht der Spirocyclus 14, dessen Kristallstruktur besprochen wird.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926120122
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  • 7
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    Measurement of helium gas in a deuterium environment (1992)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 8
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    Helium exhaust and transport studies with the ALT-II pump limiter in the TEXTOR tokamak (1990)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-05
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 9
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    A compact and low-weight sputtering unit for in situ investigations of thin film growth at synchrotron radiation beamlines (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-14
    Description: In this work, we report on a highly variable, compact, and light high-vacuum sputter deposition unit designed for in situ experiments using synchrotron radiation facilities. The chamber can be mounted at various synchrotron beamlines for scattering experiments in grazing incidence geometry. The sample position and the large exit window allow to perform x-ray experiments up to large q values. The sputtering unit is easy to mount on existing experimental setups and can be remote-controlled. In this paper, we describe in detail the design and the performance of the new sputtering chamber and present the installation of the apparatus at different 3rd generation light sources. Furthermore, we describe the different measurement options and present some selected results. The unit has been successfully commissioned and is now available for users at PETRA III at DESY.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    Density drift in TEXTOR with a graphite pumped limiter (1987)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-3115
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-4820
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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