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  • 1
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    Fructose decreases physical activity and increases body fat without affecting hippocampal neurogenesis and learning relative to an isocaloric glucose diet (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-21
    Description: Recent evidence suggests that fructose consumption is associated with weight gain, fat deposition and impaired cognitive function. However it is unclear whether the detrimental effects are caused by fructose itself or by the concurrent increase in overall energy intake. In the present study we examine the impact of a fructose diet relative to an isocaloric glucose diet in the absence of overfeeding, using a mouse model that mimics fructose intake in the top percentile of the USA population (18% energy). Following 77 days of supplementation, changes in body weight (BW), body fat, physical activity, cognitive performance and adult hippocampal neurogenesis were assessed. Despite the fact that no differences in calorie intake were observed between groups, the fructose animals displayed significantly increased BW, liver mass and fat mass in comparison to the glucose group. This was further accompanied by a significant reduction in physical activity in the fructose animals. Conversely, no differences were detected in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive/motor performance as measured by object recognition, fear conditioning and rotorod tasks. The present study suggests that fructose per se, in the absence of excess energy intake, increases fat deposition and BW potentially by reducing physical activity, without impacting hippocampal neurogenesis or cognitive function. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep09589
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Fructose decreases physical activity and increases body fat without affecting hippocampal neurogenesis and learning relative to an isocaloric glucose diet (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulationsalgorithmen zur Dämpfung von Leistungspendelungen mittels Wirk- und Blindleistungssteuerung (1994)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 77 (1994), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents The damping of power system oscillations could be improved by coordinated active and reactive power control. For this purpose an active power storage is connected to the network. The direction and the magnitude of the power flow is controlled through converters. An optimal control strategy is presented, which uses the state vaiables of the system. These quantities are not available at the SMES bus. For that reason it is necessary to find electrical signals, that could be used for a good damping of power oscillations. In this paper locally measurable quantities and their applicability for SMES control are discussed.
    Notes: Übersicht Die Verbesserung des Dämpfungsverhaltens von Energieversorgungssystemen kann durch die gemeinsame Steuerung der Wirk- und der Blindleistung erreicht werden. Hierzu wird als Stellglied ein Wirkleistungsspeicher benötigt, der über Stromrichterschaltungen an das Netz gekoppelt ist. Zur Ansteuerung wird eine optimale Steuerstrategie entwickelt, welche die Zustandsvariablen des Systems nutzt. Da letztere meßtechnisch nicht alle erfaßbar sind, müssen lokale elektrische Signale gefunden werden, mit denen eine möglichst gute Pendeldämpfung durchführbar ist. Diese sind in ihrer Wirkung zu vergleichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01577391
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical factors influencing refraction of the echolocative sound beam in delphinid cetaceans (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 52 (1979), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The delphinid melon has been postulated to function as a “sound lens” in which lipids refract and collimate the ultrasonic beam used for echolocation. To identify the major physical factors influencing sound-beam refraction, lipid samples from the 4 regions of the Tursiops truncatus melon were examined for variation of sound velocity with temperature. These results were then combined with available sound velocity data for Tursiops sp. melon tissue, Globicephala melaena melon lipids, G. melaena melon tissue, and seawater to model the total melon/seawater system encountered by the projected sound beam in both delphinids. Our analysis suggests that much of the refractive collimation occurs at the tissue/seawater interface rather than in the main body of the delphinid melon. Abrupt changes in the temperature and sound velocity at or near this convex interface (the forehead) cause this refraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398142
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical and electrical properties of thin monoolein lipid bilayers (1985)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 85 (1985), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: lipid bilayer ; monoolein ; lipophilic ion ; ion carrier ; thickness ; dielectric constant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Monoolein lipid bilayers were formed using a monolayer transfer technique and from dispersions of monoolein in squalene, triolein, 1-chlorodecane and 1-bromodecane. Measurements of optical reflectance and electrical capacitance were used to determine the thickness and dielectric constant of the bilayers. The thickness of the hydrocarbon region of the five bilayer systems ranged from 2.5 to 3.0 nm. Two of the bilayer systems (made from 1-chlorodecane and 1-bromodecane solvents) had a high dielectric constant (2.8 to 2.9) whereas the other bilayer systems had dielectric constants close to that of pure hydrocarbons (2.2). The charge-pulse technique was used to study the transport kinetics of three lipophilic ions and two ion carrier complexes in the bilayers. For the low dielectric constant bilayers, the transport of the lipophilic ions tetraphenylborate, tetraphenylarsonium and dipicrylamine was governed mainly by the thickness of the hydrocarbon region of the bilayer whereas the transport of the ion-carrier complexes proline valinomycin-K+ and valinomycin-Rb+ was nearly independent of thickness. This is consistent with previous studies on thicker monoolein bilayers. The transport of lipophilic anions across bilayers with a high dielectric constant was 20 to 50 times greater than expected on the basis of thickness alone. This agrees qualitatively with predictions based on Born charging energy calculations. High dielectric constant bilayers were three times more permeable to the proline valinomycin-K+ complex than were low dielectric constant bilayers but were just as permeable as low dielectric constant bilayers to the valinomycin-Rb+ complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871270
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton transport through membranes induced by weak acids: A study of two substituted benzimidazoles (1979)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 46 (1979), S. 359-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary We report here a kinetic study of the mechanism by which the weak acid TTFB (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole) transports protons across phospholipid bilayer membranes. A previous kinetic study of the homologous dichloro compound, DTFB, revealed that the rate limiting step for proton translocation was the back diffusion of the neutral, HA, form of the weak acid; we conclude here that this is also the rate limiting step for proton translocation with TTFB. At high concentrations of either DTFB or TTFB the charged permeant species is an HA 2 − complex. The kinetic analysis and independent measurements reveal that the permeability of the membrane to HA and adsorption coefficients of A− and HA are an order of magnitude higher for TTFB than for DTFB. When either DTFB or TTFB was present in a solution where the pH was less than the pK of the weak acid, an unusual relaxation in the current was noted on application of a voltage step. The amplitude of the relaxation decreased as the voltage was increased. This relaxation is possibly due to a reorientation of the benzimidazole molecules at the membrane-solution interface. We also report experiments performed with DTFB on mitochondria. It was possible to reconcile these results with the bilayer data and, therefore, with the chemiosmotic hypothesis by postulating that the dielectric constant of the mitochondrial membrane is greater than that of a bilayer formed with decane as a solvent. To demonstrate the effect of dielectric constant on permeability, we replaced decane by 1-chlorodecane. This increased the capacitance of the artificial bilayer by a factor of two and the permeability of the bilayer to the A− form of DTFB by two orders of magnitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868755
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actions of Volatile Anesthetics and Alcohols on Cholinergic Receptor Channels (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 625 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33896.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of bilayer thickness and tension on gramicidin single-channel lifetime
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 735 (1983), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: Channel lifetime ; Gramicidin ; Lipid bilayer ; Membrane thickness
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(83)90264-X
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative explanation of the effects of some alcohols on gramicidin single-channel lifetime
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 814 (1985), S. 401-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: Alcohol ; Channel lifetime ; Cholesterol ; Gramicidin ; Lipid bilayer ; Membrane thickness ; Surface tension
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(85)90462-6
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thickness of monoolein lipid bilayers as determined from reflectance measurements
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 645 (1981), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: Bilayer thickness ; Monoolein ; Reflectance
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(81)90208-X
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