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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tax incidence in a two good model
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Public Economics 9 (1978), S. 283-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-2727
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0047-2727(78)90012-9
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Income taxation with fixed hours of work
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Public Economics 13 (1980), S. 101-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-2727
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0047-2727(80)90024-9
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the stability of drift wave spectra with respect to zonal flow excitation (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1553-1558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple criterion that allows one to determine whether or not a given wave spectrum will generate zonal flows, is derived and analyzed. In the context of a coupled drift wave–zonal turbulence, the results are pertinent to the limit of small zonal flow damping, γd→0, in which previous analyses found that the turbulence vanishes. However, the practically important issue of the drift wave amplitude threshold for zonal flow excitation was not resolved. In its formal mathematical appearance, the criterion obtained is similar to the well-known Penrose criterion that is used for stability analysis of stellar distributions and particle distributions in plasmas. By contrast, the derived criterion, being applied to wave quanta rather than to particle distribution, shows that even "normal" (wave density decaying with wave number) distributions with an intensity above the threshold should generate zonal flows. This clearly points at the ubiquity of the latter. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1330204
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modern theory of Fermi acceleration: A new challenge to plasma physics : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2401-2406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: One of the main features of astrophysical shocks is their ability to accelerate particles to extremely high energies. The leading acceleration mechanism, the diffusive shock acceleration, is reviewed. It is demonstrated that its efficiency critically depends on the injection of thermal plasma into acceleration which takes place at the subshock of the collisionless shock structure that, in turn, can be significantly smoothed by energetic particles. Furthermore, their inhomogeneous distribution provides free energy for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence regulating the subshock strength and injection rate. Moreover, the MHD turbulence confines particles to the shock front controlling their maximum energy and bootstrapping acceleration. Therefore, the study of the MHD turbulence in a compressive plasma flow near a shock is a key to the understanding of the entire process. The calculation of the injection rate became part of the collisionless shock theory. It is argued that the further progress in diffusive shock acceleration theory is impossible without a significant advance in these two areas of plasma physics. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1345507
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A geometric distance to the galaxy NGC4258 from orbital motions in a nuclear gas disk (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 400 (1999), S. 539-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The accurate measurement of extragalactic distances is a central challenge of modern astronomy, being required for any realistic description of the age, geometry and fate of the Universe. The measurement of relative extragalactic distances has become fairly routine, but estimates of absolute ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/22972
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coexisting conical bipolar and equatorial outflows from a high-mass protostar (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 396 (1998), S. 650-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The BN/KL region in the Orion molecular cloud is an archetype for the study of the formation of stars much more massive than the Sun. This region contains luminous young stars and protostars but, like most star-forming regions, is difficult to study in detail because of the obscuring effects of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/25299
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the nature of bursting in transport and turbulence in drift wave–zonal flow systems (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 5073-5076 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The predictions of the extended predator–prey model of the coupled spectral dynamics of drift wave–zonal flow turbulence are presented. The model exhibits three possible types of time-dependent solutions, depending on system parameters, which are: (1) quasiperiodic bursting of the transport and turbulence intensity levels; (2) oscillatory relaxation to a stationary state, and in the collisionless limit; (3) an intensity pulse followed by saturation of zonal flow. These solutions are consistent with the time dependent behavior recently observed in the global gyrokinetic simulations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1415424
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics of marginality and self-organized criticality as a paradigm for turbulent transport (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1858-1866 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A general paradigm, based on the concept of self-organized criticality (SOC), for turbulent transport in magnetically confined plasmas, has been recently suggested as an explanation for some of the apparent discrepancies between most theoretical models of turbulent transport and experimental observations of the transport in magnetically confined plasmas. This model describes the dynamics of the transport without relying on the underlying local fluctuation mechanisms. Computations based on a cellular automata realization of such a model have found that noise-driven SOC systems can maintain average profiles that are linearly stable (submarginal) and yet are able to sustain active transport dynamics. It is also found that the dominant scales in the transport dynamics in the absence of sheared flow are system scales rather than the underlying local fluctuation scales. The addition of sheared flow into the dynamics leads to a large reduction of the system-scale transport events and a commensurate increase in the fluctuation-scale transport events needed to maintain the constant flux. The dynamics of these models and the potential ramifications for transport studies are discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871681
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of second-order phase transitions in resistive pressure-gradient-driven turbulence (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2744-2752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The phase transition model for the transition from a low-confinement to a high-confinement regime is based on general properties of the coupling between turbulence and averaged sheared flows. To extract these generic properties several turbulence models have been investigated. In particular, the structure of the turbulent Reynolds stress tensor is crucial to the phase transition model. For a broad range in parameters of the resistive pressure-gradient-driven turbulence, we find a strong competition in the Reynolds stress tensor between the dynamo instability term and the turbulent viscosity. This result is contrary to expectations based on simplified local models. This competition allows the transition to take place only near marginal stability. The particle flux is calculated, and its reduction at the transition is caused not only by fluctuation suppression but also by the change in the relative phase of the pressure and potential fluctuations. The results obtained with this turbulence model are presented here, with special emphasis on the structure of the Reynolds stress and the existence of limit cycle solutions, which may be related to the observed phenomenon of dithering. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871239
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous pinch effect and energy exchange in tokamaks (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1916-1925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is shown that, under very generic assumptions of the nature of plasma turbulence in an inhomogeneous magnetic field, the anomalous particle and energy fluxes, in addition to usual diffusive terms, involve purely convective terms not directly associated with density or temperature gradients. The anomalous convective transport results from the conservation, on turbulent time scale, of adiabatic invariants of particle motion in the inhomogeneous magnetic field and the Liouville-theorem constraint on the microscopic dynamics, thus furnishing the mechanism of the anomalous pinch effect in tokamaks. This theory also predicts an electron-turbulence energy exchange, which can be interpreted as a turbulent enhancement of the electron-ion energy exchange. Collisions introduce important modifications to the turbulent mechanisms of the pinch effect. It is argued that the nondiffusive effects are intrinsic to tokamak transport and should be included in power-balance analyses. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871987
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