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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Explosive volcanic activity is recorded in the Upper Jurassic of the Paris Basin and the Subalpine Basin of France by the identification of five bentonite horizons. These layers occur in Lower Oxfordian (cordatum ammonite zone) to Middle Oxfordian (plicatilis zone) clays and silty clays deposited in outer platform environments. In the Paris Basin, a thick bentonite (10–15 cm), identified in boreholes and in outcrop, is dominated by dioctahedral smectite (95%) with trace amounts of kaolinite, illite and chlorite. In contrast, five bentonites identified in the Subalpine Basin, where burial diagenesis and fluid circulation were more important, are composed of a mixture of kaolinite and regular or random illite/smectite mixed-layer clays in variable proportions, indicating a K-bentonite. In the Subalpine Basin, a 2–15 cm thick bentonite underlain by a layer affected by sulphate–carbonate mineralization can be correlated over 2000 km2. Euhedral zircon, apatite and biotite crystals have been identified in all the bentonites. The geochemical composition of the bentonites in both basins is characterized by high concentrations of Hf, Nb, Pb, Ta, Th, Ti, U, Y, Zr and low concentrations of Cr, Cs and Rb. Biostratigraphical and geochemical data suggest that the thick bentonite in the Paris Basin correlates with the thickest bentonite in the Subalpine Basin, located 400 km to the south. These horizons indicate that significant explosive volcanic events occurred during the Middle Oxfordian and provide potential long-distance isochronous marker beds. Immobile element discrimination diagrams and rare-earth element characteristics indicate that the original ash compositions of the thickest bentonites correspond to a trachyandesitic source from a within-plate alkaline series that was probably related to North Atlantic rifting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Clay mineral assemblages determined by X-ray diffraction, in the Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous hemipelagic/pelagic sediments and in the Upper Cretaceous flysch sequences of the Lombardian Basin (Southern Alps) record tectonic and possibly climatic changes in the source areas and to a lesser extent, alterations during burial diagenesis. In the hemipelagic/pelagic sediments exposed in the Breggia valley in southern Switzerland, the clay fraction is dominated by illite and smectite and seems not to be altered much by burial diagenesis. The varied clay mineral assemblages of the Liassic sediments result from intense erosion of emergent source areas exposed during early rifting phases. A distinction between smectite-rich limestones and illite-rich marls in these syn-rift to early post-rift sediments could reflect short-term climatic fluctuations or, alternatively, a preferential replacement of smectite by illite during incipient burial diagenesis in the marls. The predominantly smectitic composition of the clay fraction in the upper Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sediments documents gentle erosion of smectite-rich soils developing under a warm and seasonally humid climate on a relatively stable distant source area. In the Aptian, an increase in illite in the clay fraction of the hemipelagic Scaglia Lombarda Group points to an increased detrital influx from emergent source areas. This influx is related to the onset of orogenic movements along the Austroalpine/South Pennine active margin, resulting in Middle Cretaceous flysch sedimentation in the Austroalpine realm. Increasing influx from emergent continental crust is reflected by the high amounts of illite and chlorite in the Upper Cretaceous flysch sequences of the eastern Brianza area. However, the high amounts of chlorite in limestone turbidites in the lower part of the flysch sequence (Pontida Formation, Turonian) suggest transformation of smectite to chlorite under conditions of burial diagenesis. In the younger flysch deposits (Bergamo Flysch, Upper Santonian-Campanian) detrital clay minerals are preserved. The occurrence of kaolinite and smectite beside illite and minor chlorite suggests intense weathering and less relief during deposition of the Bergamo Flysch.
    Abstract: Résumé Les minéraux argileux des formations jurassiques et crétacées du Bassin Lombard (Alpes méridionales) sont étudiés par diffraction des rayons X. Les variations des cortèges argileux des sédiments pélagiques et des flyschs du Crétacé supérieur résultent de modifications tectoniques, climatiques et dans une moindre mesure d'évolutions diagénétiques liées à l'enfouissement. L'illite et la smectite dominent très largement les assemblages minéralogiques dans les sédiments pélagiques et hémipélagiques étudiés dans les gorges de la Breggia (Tessin, Suisse méridionale). L'influence de la diagenèse d'enfouissement paraît modérée et les assemblages argileux très diversifiés des formations liasiques reflètent une érosion active des zones continentales au début du rifting. Dans les formations syn-rift alternantes calcaire-marne, la fraction argileuse des marnes est systématiquement enrichie en illite par rapport à celle des calcaires. Ces relations entre minéralogie des argiles et lithologie résultent soit de fluctuations climatiques, soit d'une illitisation préférentielle des smectites dans les intervalles marneux. A partir du Jurassique moyen et supérieur et jusqu'au Barrémien inclus, la fraction argileuse des sédiments est très smectitique. Elle reflète l'érosion superficielle de sols riches en smectites développés sous climat chaud à humidité saisonnière contrastée sur des domaines continentaux aplanis et probablement très éloignés. A l'Aptien, les apports illitiques importants traduisent, le long de la marge active Austroalpine/Sud Pennique, le début de mouvements orogéniques responsables du dépôt des flyschs dans le domaine Austro-alpin. Dans les faciès flysch du Crétacé supérieur de la Brianza orientale, les apports d'illites et de chlorites s'accordent avec l'augmentation de l'érosion sur les domaines continentaux. Cependant, l'influence d'une diagenèse d'enfouissement est attestée en particulier par les très fortes proportions de chlorites présentes dans les turbidites calcaires (Pontida formation, Turonien). Dans les dépôts de flysch plus récents (Bergamo flysch, Santonien-Campanien), les minéraux argileux détritiques sont mieux préservés. La présence systématique de kaolinite et de smectite suggère le développement d'une altération continentale importante sur des reliefs moins marqués par rapport aux périodes plus anciennes du Crétacé supérieur.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Röntgendiffraktometrisch bestimmte Tonmineral-Assoziationen in den jurassisch-unterkretazischen hemipelagischen und pelagischen Sedimenten sowie in den Oberkreide-Flyschen des Lombardischen Beckens der Südalpen erlauben wichtige Rückschlüsse über tektonische und eventuell klimatische Änderungen in den Liefergebieten sowie, in etwas geringerem Maße, über Veränderungen während der Uberlagerungs-Diagenese. Die vorwiegend illitisch-smektitische Tonfraktion der hemipelagisch/pelagischen Sedimente der Breggia-Schlucht (Tessin, Süd-Schweiz) scheint wenig verändert durch die Überlagerungs-Diagenese. Die stark variable Zusammensetzung der Tonfraktion der liassischen Sedimente deutet auf eine intensive Erosion der während des frühen Riftings herausgehobenen Liefergebiete. Eine Differenzierung zwischen Smektit-reichen Kalken und Illitreichen Mergeln in den syn- und frühen post-rift-Sedimenten des Lias deutet auf kurzfristige klimatische Fluktuationen (Milankovitch-Zyklen) oder auf einen Ersatz von Smektit durch Illit während der beginnenden Überlagerungs-Diagenese in den Mergeln. Die hauptsächlich smektitische Zusammensetzung der Tonfraktion in den mittel-jurassischen bis unter-kretazischen Sedimenten weist auf eine weniger intensive Erosion Smektit-reicher Böden in relativ stabilen, weit entfernten Liefergebieten mit einem warmen und saisonal humiden Klima. Eine deutliche Zunahme der Sedimentationsraten und des Illits in der Tonfraktion der hemipelagischen Scaglia Lombarda belegt einen zunehmenden detritischen Einfluß vom Aptian an. Dieser detritische Einfluß läßt sich mit dem Einsetzen orogener Heraushebung längs des aktiven Kontinentalrandes an der Süd-Penninikum/Ostalpin-Grenze in Verbindung bringen, da er mit Flysch-Ablagerungen in Süd-Penninikum und Ostalpin zeitlich zusammenfällt. Eine zunehmend detritische Schüttung aus kontinentalen kristallinen Liefergebieten läßt sich in den Illit- und Chlorit-reichen Tonmineral-Assoziationen der Oberkreide-Flysche der östlichen Brianza (Provinz Como, Nord-Italien) erkennen. Die hohen Chlorit-Konzentrationen in Kalk-Turbiditen im unteren Teil der Flysch-Abfolge (Pontida-Formation, Turonian) lassen hingegen eher eine diagenetische Umwandlung von Smektit in Chlorit vermuten. In den jüngeren Flysch-Ablagerungen (Bergamo-Flysch, Oberes Santonian bis Campanian) läßt sich die ursprüngliche detritische Tonmineral-Vergesellschaftung noch erkennen. In dieser Formation deutet das Vorkommen von Kaolinit und Smektit neben Illit und wenig Chlorit auf eine intensive Verwitterung und ein kleineres Relief im Hinterland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-06-22
    Description: These contain bulk-rock carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, CaCO3 content, magnetic susceptibility values and clay mineral assemblages from the Valanginian part of the Vergol-Morénas composite section, SE France. Two sequences have been analysed in this study. The lower sequence (Sequence 1 or S1) was analysed at the transition between the Pertransiens and the Campylotoxus zones. The sequence is located in the Vergol section. The upper sequence (Sequence 2 or S2) is located within the Verrucosum Zone and is located in the Morénas section. The data were measured from January 2018 to November 2019 at the Université de Rennes 1 and the Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté.
    Keywords: CaCO3 content; clay minerals; Cretaceous; magnetic susceptibility; Stable isotopes; Vocontian Basin
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-06-22
    Keywords: ARM, Susceptibility, per unit mass; CaCO3 content; Calcimeter (Bernard); Calcium carbonate; Chlorite; clay minerals; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Cretaceous; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Illite; Kaolinite; Kappabridge, AGICO KLY-3; Lithology/composition/facies; magnetic susceptibility; Mass spectrometer VG Optima; Mixed layer illite/smectite; Sample ID; Stable isotopes; Vergol_S1; Vocontian Basin; Vocontian Basin, SE France; X-ray diffraction (Bruker D4 Endeavor); δ13C, carbonate; δ18O, carbonate
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 475 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-06-22
    Keywords: ARM, Susceptibility, per unit mass; CaCO3 content; Calcimeter (Bernard); Calcium carbonate; Chlorite; clay minerals; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Cretaceous; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Illite; Kaolinite; Kappabridge, AGICO KLY-3; Lithology/composition/facies; magnetic susceptibility; Mass spectrometer VG Optima; Mixed layer illite/smectite; Morénas_S2; Sample ID; Stable isotopes; Vocontian Basin; Vocontian Basin, SE France; X-ray diffraction (Bruker D4 Endeavor); δ13C, carbonate; δ18O, carbonate
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 440 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-02-05
    Description: The magnetic susceptibly (MS) measurements were conducted with Agico KLY-3 at the University of Rennes, a total of 3249 samples were measured. The massic MS is reported in m³/kg To precisely locate the black levels in the CPG-2, a second subsample was performed, 290 samples were selected to be analyzed on carbonate content CaCO3, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and carbon isotope on organic matter (δ¹³Corg).
    Keywords: Aptian-Albian; Col_de_Pré_Guittard_1; Col_de_Pré_Guittard_2; CPG1; CPG2; Cyclostratigraphy; Date/Time of event; Event label; HEIGHT above ground; Kappabridge, AGICO KLY-3; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; magnetic susceptibility; Magnetic susceptibility; OAE 1b; OUTCROP; Outcrop sample; Vocontian Basin; Vocontian Basin, SE France
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3279 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-02-05
    Description: The organic matter characterization was performed using the Hawk (Wildcat Technology) anhydrous pyrolysis carbon analysis system at the Lithospheric Organic Carbon (LOC) lab, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Denmark. A total of 113 samples were measured and calibrated using IFP 160000 standard. Precision and accuracy of measurements were better than 5 %.
    Keywords: Aptian-Albian; Carbon, organic, total; Col_de_Pré_Guittard_2; CPG2; Cyclostratigraphy; HAWK Pyrolysis; HEIGHT above ground; Hydrogen index, mass HC, per unit mass total organic carbon; magnetic susceptibility; OAE 1b; OUTCROP; Outcrop sample; Oxygen index, mass CO2, per unit mass total organic carbon; Rock-Eval analysis; Vocontian Basin; Vocontian Basin, SE France
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 336 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-02-05
    Description: The calcium carbonate content and δ¹³Corg were measured at Biogeosciences laboratory, Université de Bourgogne/Franche-Comté in Dijon, France. The δ¹³Corg was measured on carbonate-free residues. Sample powders were reacted with HCl (2 N) at room temperature for 24 h to remove carbonate phases. Residues were rinsed with deionized distilled water until neutral, centrifuged (4500 rpm for 15 min), and dried at 50 °C overnight. Aliquots of dried decarbonated samples (~ 7–50 mg) were then weighed in tin capsules. The δ¹³Corg measurements were performed on a Vario MICRO cube elemental analyzer (Elementar, Hanau, Germany) coupled in continuous flow mode to an IsoPrime stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Isoprime, Manchester, UK). USGS40 L-Glutamic acid (C = 40.8 wt%; δ¹³CVPDB = -26.39 ± 0.04 ‰) and IAEA-600 Caffeine (δ¹³CVPDB = -27.77 ± 0.04 ‰). The carbon isotopic composition is expressed in delta notation and reported in per mil (‰) relative to the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB) standard; external reproducibility based on duplicate analyses of samples is better than ± 0.2 ‰ (1σ).
    Keywords: Aptian-Albian; Calcium carbonate; Col_de_Pré_Guittard_2; CPG2; Cyclostratigraphy; Elemental analyzer (EA), Elementar, Vario MICRO cube; coupled with Isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), GV Instruments, IsoPrime; HEIGHT above ground; magnetic susceptibility; OAE 1b; OUTCROP; Outcrop sample; Vocontian Basin; Vocontian Basin, SE France; δ13C
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 560 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-03-01
    Description: The tropical, warm, and equable climate of the Jurassic world is regularly challenged by geoscientists, especially since oxygen isotopes ({delta}18O) of fossil hardparts have been used to reconstruct the paleotemperature history of seawater. By applying the innovative "SiZer" (significant zero crossings of the derivatives) statistical approach to a newly compiled {delta}18O database for the Jurassic, we demonstrate the occurrence of major and multiscale {delta}18O changes mainly related to climate disturbances. For the first time, two long-term anomalies in {delta}18O are identified during the Toarcian and the Late Jurassic, in conjunction with intensive volcanism in large igneous provinces. These results support a strong influence of repeated volcanic pulses on the modulation of pCO2, temperatures, and polar ice cap volumes over protracted periods. At shorter time scales, 13 relatively rapid (0.5-1 m.y.) and significant warming and cooling events are identified, the causes of which include transient fluctuations in greenhouse gas concentrations related to still-debated mechanisms.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
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