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1

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Detrital pathways in a coral reef lagoon (1992)

Hansen, J. A. ; Klumpp, D. W. ; Alongi, D. M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Marine biology 113 (1992), S. 363-372

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Coral reef lagoons have generally been regarded as sinks for organic matter exported from more productive reef front and reef flat zones. The object of this study was to examine the importance of detritus as a carbon source for benthic communities in the lagoon at Davies Reef, central Great Barrier Reef. We report the results of seasonal measurements, taken in 1986, of bacterial numbers and production, protozoan numbers, community primary production and respiration in the sediments of Davies Reef lagoon. Deposition rates of organic matter in the lagoon were also measured. Deposition rates (±1 SE) of carbon ranged from 9.2 (±1.5) to 140.7 (±10.3) mg Cm-2d-1. Deposition rates were highest in winter and spring, lowest in summer. Rates of bacterial production ranged from 4.7 (±0.2) pmol thymidine incorporated g-1 dry wt (DW) h-1 in winter to 23.5 (±1.0) pmol thymidine incorporated g-1 DW h-1 in spring. The number of ciliates ranged from 65 (±10) to 356 (±50) cm-3 through the year and the number of large (≥20 μm) flagellates from 38 (±7) to 108 (±16) cm-3. There were no clear relationships between the sediment organic content, detrital input or temperature and the rates of bacterial processes, community metabolism or the standing stocks of microbes in the lagoon. The relative significance of detritus and in situ primary production as sources of carbon in the lagoon varied with season. In summer and autumn, detritus was less important than primary production as a source of carbon (4 to 27% of total carbon input). In winter and spring, detritus input became more significant in supply of carbon to the sediments (32 to 67% of the total carbon input). The lagoon does not simply act as a sink for carbon exported from the reef flat. We calculate that only 5% of the net reef flat primary production reached lagoon sediments in summer, but nearly 40% in winter.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349160

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2

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Population structure and foraging biology of the predaceous chilean asteroid Meyenaster gelatinosus and the escape biology of its prey (1977)

Dayton, P. K. ; Rosenthal, R. J. ; Mahen, L. C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Marine biology 39 (1977), S. 361-370

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Observations of the feeding biology of Meyenaster gelatinosus (Meyen) were made between Horcón and the southern Golfo de Penas, Chile. Of 811 sea stars examined, 436 were feeding on individuals representing 30 prey species. M. gelatinosus preys upon almost all the echinoderms and molluscs in its habitat, yet most of the prey species have extremely effective running escape behaviour in which they eventually release their attachment to the substratum, usually assuring that they will be swept to safety. Many of the molluscs exaggerate this by dorsoventral flattening of their mantles, so that they glide even farther. The echinoid Loxechinus albus has a very effective pedicillariae defense. Even at a distance, prey species usually discern foraging M. gelatinosus from non-foraging individuals, and on several occasions were observed touching M. gelatinosus which were eating conspecifics. Comparisons of the sizes of individual M. gelatinosus and their L. albus prey items showed no correlation; none of the prey species except possibly Concholepas choncholepas and M. gelatinosus itself has a refuge in size from attacking M. gelatinosus. The density of M. gelatinosus in 3 of 4 widely separated study areas where such data were collected was 0.04/m2. The mean radius of M. gelatinosus ranged from 150 to 210 mm in five study areas.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391939

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3

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Detrital pathways in a coral reef lagoon (1990)

Riddle, M. J. ; Alongi, D. M. ; Dayton, P. K. ; [et al.]

Springer

Marine biology 104 (1990), S. 109-118

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Coral reef lagoons are generally regarded as zones of net heterotrophy reliant on organic detritus generated in more productive parts of the reef system, such as the seaward reef flat. The abundance and biomass of sediment infauna were measured seasonally for one year (1986) within the lagoon of Davies Reef, central Great Barrier Reef, to test the hypothesis that macrofaunal biomass and production of coral reef lagoons would decrease with distance from the reef flat and would change seasonally. In general, there were no simple relationships between infaunal standing stock or production and distance from the reef flat or season. Bioturbation by callianassid shrimps negatively affected the abundance of smaller infauna, suggesting a community limited by biogenic disturbance rather than by supply of organic material. Polychaetes and crustaceans were dominant amongst the smaller infauna (0.5 to 2mm) while larger animals (〉 2 mm) were mostly polychaetes and molluscs. Mean biomass of infauna at both sites and all seasons was 3 181 mg C m−2. The smaller animals (0.5 to 2 mm) contributed about 40% of total macrofaunal respiration and production although they represented only 15% of the total macrofaunal biomass. The biomass of macrofauna was about equal to that of the bacteria and meiofauna, while respiration represented 10 to 20% of total community respiration. Consumption by macrofauna accounts for only 3 to 11% of total organic inputs to sediment, with a further 14 to 17% being lost by macrofaunal respiration.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313164

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4

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Man-made structures on marine sediments: Effects on adjacent benthic communities (1982)

Davis, N. ; VanBlaricom, G. R. ; Dayton, P. K.

Springer

Marine biology 70 (1982), S. 295-303

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract This study (1975–1977) examines the effect of man-made structures on natural sand bottom communities in shallow water in San Diego County, southern California, USA. While there were shallow scour effects to 15 m around some artificial reefs, the reefs had no measurable effect on sand ripple patterns, grain size, organic carbon or infauna beyond the scoured areas. Foraging by reef-associated fishes produced profound alterations in the epifauna populations of the sea pen Stylatula elongata. The sea pen densities were 4 to 10 m-2 before the reefs were established, but within 5 mo were eliminated from distances greater than 200 m around the reefs. On the other hand, densities of the tube-building polychaetes Diopatra spp. seemed to be enhanced in the immediate vicinity of the artificial reef. Oil platforms and bridge pilings seem to have much more profound effects on the nearby sand communities than do the relatively small artificial reefs. In addition to the elimination of sea pens, Diopatra spp. densities increased from 〈1.0 m-2 in control areas to as many as 73 m-2 in the vicinity of oil platforms. Grain size and infauna were strongly affected by the oil platform.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396848

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5

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Ecology of Kelp Communities (1985)

Dayton, P K

Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 16 (1985), S. 215-245

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ISSN: 0066-4162

Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff

Topics: Biology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.16.110185.001243

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6

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Regional and local variability in recovery of shallow coral communities: Moorea, French Polynesia and central Great Barrier Reef (1991)

Done, T. J. ; Dayton, P. K. ; Dayton, A. E. ; [et al.]

Springer

Coral reefs 9 (1991), S. 183-192

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ISSN: 1432-0975

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Coral communities at Moorea, French Polynesia, and on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, were severely depleted by disturbances early in the 1980s. Corals were killed by the predatory starfish Acanthaster planci, by cyclones, and/or by depressed sea level. This study compares benthic community structure and coral population structures on three disturbed reefs (Vaipahu-Moorea; Rib and John Brewer Reefs-GBR) and one undisturbed reef (Davies Reef-GBR) in 1987–89. Moorea barrier reefs had been invaded by tall macrophytes Turbinaria ornata and Sargassum sp., whereas the damaged GBR reefs were colonised by a diverse mixture of short macrophytes, turfs and coralline algae. The disturbed areas had broadly similar patterns of living and dead standing coral, and similar progress in recolonisation, which suggests their structure may converge towards that of undisturbed Davies Reef. Corals occupying denuded areas at Vaipahu, Rib and John Brewer were small (median diameter 5 cm in each case) and sparse (means 4–8 m-2) compared to longer established corals at Davies Reef (median diameter 9 cm; mean 18 m-2). At Moorea, damselfish and sea urchins interacted with corals in ways not observed in the GBR reefs. Territories of the damselfish Stegastes nigricans covered much of Moorea's shallow reef top. They had significantly higher diversity and density of post-disturbance corals than areas outside of territories, suggesting that the damselfish exerts some influences on coral community dynamics. Sea urchins on Moorea (Diadema setosum Echinometra mathaei, Echinotrix calamaris) were causing widespread destruction of dead standing coral skeletons. Overall, it appears that the future direction and speed of change in the communities will be explicable more in terms of local than regional processes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290420

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7

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Current patterns in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica and their relationship to local biotic communities (1988)

Barry, J. P. ; Dayton, P. K.

Springer

Polar biology 8 (1988), S. 367-376

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ISSN: 1432-2056

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Current speed and direction measurements collected during summer (January–February) and sping (November–December) of 1984 indicated that currents in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica were dominated by oscillatory flow associated with diurnal tidal components (O1, K1, P1). Net flow was southward in the eastern Sound, mixed in the central Sound, and northward in the western Sound. Short term observations (〈5 days) from nearshore stations indicated a similar but more sluggish pattern of tidal and mean flow. Hydrographic data collected during the same period indicated a similar pattern of cold water with low chlorophyll a content flowing northward from under the Ross Ice Shelf in the western Sound and denser, slightly warmer water with higher chlorophyll a content flowing southward in the eastern Sound. Previous studies have shown that productivity is higher in the eastern Sound than in the west, apparently due to the circulation pattern. The western Sound consists of waters from beneath the Ross Ice Shelf which have a lower phytoplankton standing stock than eastern Sound waters which enter from the north. More sluggish current speeds in the western Sound result in even lower particle fluxes past benthic consumers. Finally, more persistent ice cover in the west further inhibits in situ primary productivity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442028

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