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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) Lines Show Different Abilities to Form Masked Mycotoxins under Greenhouse Conditions (2013)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-24
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-6651
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Unknown
    Dissolved and particulate carbohydrates and inorganic ions in Antarctic surface seawater samples (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-28
    Description: Antarctic sea surface microlayer (SML) and bulk water samples were collected during the PI-ICE campaign from January until March 2019 at the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. SML samples were collected using the glass plate technique, corresponding bulk (subsurface) samples were collected by submerging a plastic bottle below the sea surface. Following chemical parameters were determined: dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), total chlorophyll-a, main inorganic ions (chloride, sulfate, sodium, etc.), dissolved free carbohydrates (DFCHO), dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHO) and particulate combined carbohydrates (PCCHO). DCCHO and DFCHO were measured from filtered (0.2 µm) seawater after a desalination using electro-dialysis and high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). PCCHO were measured from filters (0.2 µm polycarbonate membrane). DFCHO, DCCHO and PCCHO were determined as the sum of individual monosaccharides (e.g. arabinose, glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, muramic acid, galacturonic acid, etc.). More details about the analytical procedures can be found in the manuscript. These data were collected in order to improve the understanding of the sea-air transfer of carbohydrates in this pristine environment. A corresponding data set for size-resolved aerosol particles can be found under following doi number (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.927565).
    Keywords: AC3; Ammonium; Antarctic Peninsula; Arabinose; Arctic Amplification; Bromide; Calcium; carbohydrates; Carbohydrates, dissolved, neutral free; Carbohydrates, dissolved combined; Carbohydrates, particulate hydrolyzable; Carbon, organic, dissolved; Carbon, organic, particulate; chloride; Chloride; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a, epimer; Chlorophyll a, total; Chlorophyll a allomers; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; dissolved; DOC; Event label; Fluoride; Formic acid; Fructose; Fucose; Galactosamine; Galactose; Galacturonic acid; Glucosamine; Glucose; Glucuronic acid; Hespérides; LATITUDE; Livingston Island; LONGITUDE; Magnesium; Mannose; Monosaccharides; Muramic acid; Nitrate; Nitrite; Oxalate; particulate; Phosphate; PI-ICE; PI-ICE_WS1; PI-ICE_WS13; PI-ICE_WS14; PI-ICE_WS15; PI-ICE_WS16; PI-ICE_WS17; PI-ICE_WS18; PI-ICE_WS19; PI-ICE_WS2; PI-ICE_WS20; PI-ICE_WS21; PI-ICE_WS3; PI-ICE_WS4; PI-ICE_WS5; PI-ICE_WS6; PI-ICE_WS7; PI-ICE_WS8; PI-ICE campaign; POC; Potassium; Rhamnose; Sample code/label; SML; sodium; Sodium; sugars; Sulfate; surface microlayer; Total chlorophyll; Water sample; WS; Xylose
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2011 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Urwesen - Studentisches Medienprojekt zur Internationalen REKLIM Konferenz in Kooperation mit der DEKRA-Hochschule Berlin, Links zum Dokumentarfilm in unterschiedlichen Auflösungen (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Helmholtz-Verbund Regionale Klimaänderungen (REKLIM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-06
    Description: Ein Stück Schlamm. Grau, leblos, kalt. Feine Linien ziehen sich hindurch und ein Faden verläuft in einer Zickzack-Linie über die Oberfläche. Es ist eine Sedimentprobe aus dem Pazifischen Ozean, die Stück für Stück ihre Geheimnisse preisgibt. Dr. Lars Max analysiert Sedimentkerne am Alfred-Wegener-Institut und erzählt von der Geschichte unserer Erde und unseres Klimas. Was können wir aus der „grauen“ Vergangenheit lernen?
    Keywords: ANT-XXIX/4; File format; File name; File size; GC; Gravity corer; Helmholtz-Verbund Regionale Klimaänderungen = Helmholtz Climate Initiative (Regional Climate Change); Polarstern; PS81; PS81/265-1; REKLIM; South Atlantic Ocean; Uniform resource locator/link to movie
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Phytoplankton pigment concentrations and phytoplankton groups measured on water samples collected from various expeditions in the Atlantic Ocean from 71°S to 84°N (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: This data set composes a large amount of quality controlled in situ measurements of major pigments based on HPLC collected from various expeditions across the Atlantic Ocean spanning from 71°S to 84°N, including 11 expeditions with RV Polarstern from the North Atlantic to the Arctic Fram Strait: PS74, PSS76, PS78, PS80, PS85, PS93.2 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894872), PS99.1 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.905502), PS99.2 ( https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894874), PS106 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899284), PS107 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894860), PS121 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.941011), four expeditions (two with RV Polarstern and two Atlantic Meridional Transect expeditions with RRS James Clark Ross and RRS Discovery) in the trans-Atlantic Ocean: PS113 ( https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.911061), PS120, AMT28 and AMT29, and one expedition with RV Polarstern in the Southern Ocean: PS103 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898941). Chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a) of six phytoplankton functions groups (PFTs) derived from these pigments have been also included. This published data set has contributed to validate satellite PFT products available on the EU funded Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS, https://marine.copernicus.eu/), which are derived from multi-sensor ocean colour reflectance data and sea surface temperature using an empirical orthogonal function based approach (Xi et al. 2020; 2021). Description on in situ PFT Chl-a determination from pigment data: PFT Chl-a in this data set were derived using an updated diagnostic pigment analysis (DPA) method (Soppa et al., 2014; Losa et al., 2017) with retuned coefficients by Alvarado et al (2021), that was originally developed by Vidussi et al. (2001), adapted in Uitz et al. (2006) and further refined by Hirata et al. (2011) and Brewin et al. (2015). The values of retuned DPA weighting coefficients for PFT Chl-a determination are: 1.56 for fucoxanthin, 1.53 for peridinin, 0.89 for 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 0.44 for 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 1.94 for alloxanthin, 2.63 for total chlorophyll b, and 0.99 for zeaxanthin. The coefficient retuning was based on an updated global HPLC pigment data base for the open ocean (water depth 〉200 m), which was compiled based on the previously published data sets spanning from 1988 to 2012 described in Losa et al. (2017), with updates in Xi et al. (2021) and Álvarez et al. (2022), by adding other newly available HPLC pigment data collected between 2012 and 2018 mainly from SeaBASS (https://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/), PANGAEA, British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/), and Australian Open Access to Ocean Data (AODN, https://portal.aodn.org.au/) (as of February 2020, see Table 1 attached in the 'Additional metadata' for more details on the data sources).
    Keywords: 19-Butanoyloxyfucoxanthin; 19-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin; AC3; Alloxanthin; AMT28; AMT28_10-33; AMT28_1-1; AMT28_11-36; AMT28_12-41; AMT28_13-44; AMT28_14-48; AMT28_15-50; AMT28_16-57; AMT28_17-58; AMT28_18-64; AMT28_19-66; AMT28_20-71; AMT28_21-73; AMT28_22-78; AMT28_23-80; AMT28_2-4; AMT28_24-85; AMT28_25-87; AMT28_27-93; AMT28_28-95; AMT28_29-100; AMT28_30-101; AMT28_31-105; AMT28_32-111; AMT28_33-112; AMT28_34-117; AMT28_35-120; AMT28_36-124; AMT28_37-126; AMT28_3-8; AMT28_38-133; AMT28_40-137; AMT28_4-11; AMT28_41-142; AMT28_43-147; AMT28_44-150; AMT28_45-155; AMT28_46-158; AMT28_47-164; AMT28_48-166; AMT28_49-174; AMT28_50-176; AMT28_51-181; AMT28_5-13; AMT28_52-183; AMT28_53-188; AMT28_54-190; AMT28_55-198; AMT28_56-199; AMT28_57-204; AMT28_58-206; AMT28_59-210; AMT28_59-212; AMT28_61-218; AMT28_6-17; AMT28_62-220; AMT28_63-226; AMT28_64-227; AMT28_65-232; AMT28_66-234; AMT28_7-21; AMT28_8-24; AMT28_9-28; AMT29; AMT29_AA; AMT29_AB; AMT29_AC; AMT29_AD; AMT29_AE; AMT29_AF; AMT29_AG; AMT29_AH; AMT29_AI; AMT29_AJ; AMT29_AK; AMT29_AL; AMT29_AM; AMT29_AN; AMT29_AO; AMT29_AP; AMT29_AQ; AMT29_AR; AMT29_AS; AMT29_AV; AMT29_AX; AMT29_BC; AMT29_BD; AMT29_BE; AMT29_BF; AMT29_BG; AMT29_BH; AMT29_BI; AMT29_BJ; AMT29_BK; AMT29_BL; AMT29_BM; AMT29_BN; AMT29_BO; AMT29_BP; AMT29_BQ; AMT29_BR; AMT29_BS; AMT29_BT; AMT29_BU; AMT29_BV; AMT29_BW; AMT29_BX; AMT29_BY; AMT29_BZ; AMT29_CA; AMT29_CB; AMT29_CC; AMT29_CD; AMT29_CE; AMT29_CF; AMT29_CG; AMT29_CH; AMT29_CJ; AMT29_CK; AMT29_CL; AMT29_CM; AMT29_CN; AMT29_CO; AMT29_CP; AMT29_CQ; AMT29_CR; AMT29_CS; AMT29_CT; AMT29_CTD_001; AMT29_CTD_002; AMT29_CTD_003; AMT29_CTD_004; AMT29_CTD_005; AMT29_CTD_006; AMT29_CTD_007; AMT29_CTD_008; AMT29_CTD_009; AMT29_CTD_010; AMT29_CTD_011; AMT29_CTD_013; AMT29_CTD_015; AMT29_CTD_016; AMT29_CTD_017; AMT29_CTD_018; AMT29_CTD_019; AMT29_CTD_020; AMT29_CTD_021; AMT29_CTD_022; AMT29_CTD_024; AMT29_CTD_025; AMT29_CTD_026; AMT29_CTD_027; AMT29_CTD_028; AMT29_CTD_029; AMT29_CTD_030; AMT29_CTD_031; AMT29_CTD_032; AMT29_CTD_034; AMT29_CTD_035; AMT29_CTD_036; AMT29_CTD_037; AMT29_CTD_038; AMT29_CTD_039; AMT29_CTD_041; AMT29_CTD_042; AMT29_CTD_043; AMT29_CTD_044; AMT29_CTD_045; AMT29_CTD_046; AMT29_CTD_047; AMT29_CTD_048; AMT29_CTD_049; AMT29_CTD_050; AMT29_CTD_051; AMT29_CTD_052; AMT29_CTD_053; AMT29_CTD_054; AMT29_CTD_055; AMT29_CU; AMT29_CV; AMT29_CW; AMT29_CX; AMT29_CY; AMT29_CZ; AMT29_DA; AMT29_DB; AMT29_DC; AMT29_DD; AMT29_DE; AMT29_DF; AMT29_DG; AMT29_DH; AMT29_DI; AMT29_DJ; AMT29_DK; AMT29_DL; AMT29_DM; AMT29_DN; AMT29_DO; AMT29_DP; AMT29_DQ; AMT29_DR; AMT29_DS; AMT29_DT; AMT29_DU; AMT29_DV; AMT29_DZ; AMT29_EB; AMT29_EC; AMT29_EE; AMT29_EF; AMT29_EG; AMT29_EI; AMT29_EK; AMT29_EL; AMT29_EM; AMT29_EO; AMT29_EQ; AMT29_ER; AMT29_ES; AMT29_ET; AMT29_EV; ANT-XXXII/2; ANT-XXXIII/4; Arctic Amplification; Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIV/1; ARK-XXIV/2; ARK-XXIX/2.2; ARK-XXV/1; ARK-XXV/2; ARK-XXVI/1; ARK-XXVII/1; ARK-XXVII/2; ARK-XXVIII/2; ARK-XXX/1.1; ARK-XXX/1.2; ARK-XXXI/1.1,PASCAL; ARK-XXXI/1.2; ARK-XXXI/2; AWI_BioOce; Barents Sea; Biological Oceanography @ AWI; Campaign; Canarias Sea; chlorophyll; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a, Diatoms; Chlorophyll a, Dinoflagellata; Chlorophyll a, Green algae; Chlorophyll a, Haptophyta; Chlorophyll a, Prochlorococcus; Chlorophyll a, Prokaryotes; Chlorophyll a + Divinyl chlorophyll a + Chlorophyllide a; Chlorophyll b + Divinyl chlorophyll b + Chlorophyllide b; Chlorophyllide a; CT; CTD, towed system; CTD/Rosette; CTD/Rosette with Underwater Vision Profiler; CTD001; CTD002; CTD003; CTD004; CTD005; CTD006; CTD007; CTD008; CTD009; CTD010; CTD011; CTD012; CTD013; CTD014; CTD015; CTD016; CTD017; CTD018; CTD019; CTD020; CTD021; CTD022; CTD023; CTD024; CTD025; CTD026; CTD027; CTD028; CTD029; CTD030; CTD031; CTD032; CTD033; CTD034; CTD035; CTD036; CTD037; CTD038; CTD039; CTD040; CTD041; CTD042; CTD043; CTD044; CTD045; CTD046; CTD047; CTD048; CTD049; CTD050; CTD051; CTD052; CTD053; CTD054; CTD055; CTD056; CTD057; CTD058; CTD059; CTD060; CTD061; CTD062; CTD063; CTD-Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; CTD-ADCP; CTD-RO; CTD-RO_UVP; CTD-twoyo; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Diagnostic Pigment Analysis (DPA); Discovery (2013); Divinyl chlorophyll a; DPA; DY110; EG_I; EG_II; EG_III; EG_IV; Event label; Exploitation of Sentinel-5-P for Ocean Colour Products; FRAM; FRontiers in Arctic marine Monitoring; Fucoxanthin; Global Long-term Observations of Phytoplankton Functional Types from Space; GLOPHYTS; Hand net; HG_I; HG_II; HG_III; HG_IV; HG_IX; HG_V; HG_VI; HG_VIII; HGIV; High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC); HN; HPLC; ICE; Ice station; James Clark Ross; JR18001; Kb0; LATITUDE; Lazarev Sea; LONGITUDE; N3; N4; N5; North Greenland Sea; North Sea; Norwegian Sea; ORDINAL NUMBER; Peridinin; phytoplankton functional types; pigments; Polarstern; PORTWIMS; Project Portugal Twinning for Innovation and Excellence in Marine Science and Earth Observation; PS103; PS103_0_Underway-3; PS103_1-1; PS103_11-1; PS103_15-1; PS103_22-5; PS103_23-5; PS103_2-4; PS103_27-2; PS103_29-3; PS103_3-1; PS103_31-2; PS103_34-6; PS103_39-3; PS103_40-3; PS103_4-1; PS103_43-4; PS103_45-3; PS103_48-1; PS103_5-2; PS103_59-2; PS103_6-6; PS103_67-1; PS103_8-3; PS103_9-1; PS106_18-2; PS106_21-2; PS106_27-6; PS106_28-2; PS106_31-2; PS106_32-2; PS106_45-1; PS106_50-1; PS106_ZODIAK_170527; PS106_ZODIAK_170529; PS106_ZODIAK_170531; PS106_ZODIAK_170601; PS106_ZODIAK_170607; PS106_ZODIAK_170608; PS106_ZODIAK_170617; PS106_ZODIAK_170618; PS106_ZODIAK_170619; PS106_ZODIAK_170624; PS106_ZODIAK_170625; PS106_ZODIAK_170626; PS106_ZODIAK_170627; PS106_ZODIAK_170629; PS106_ZODIAK_170630; PS106_ZODIAK_170701; PS106_ZODIAK_170702; PS106_ZODIAK_170703; PS106_ZODIAK_170705; PS106_ZODIAK_170706; PS106_ZODIAK_170708; PS106_ZODIAK_170709; PS106_ZODIAK_170710; PS106_ZODIAK_170711; PS106_ZODIAK_170713; PS106_ZODIAK_170714; PS106_ZODIAK_170715; PS106/1; PS106/2; PS107; PS107_0_underway-9; PS107_10-4; PS107_12-3; PS107_14-1; PS107_16-3; PS107_18-3; PS107_19-1; PS107_20-8; PS107_21-1; PS107_22-6; PS107_24-1; PS107_28-1; PS107_29-1; PS107_33-6; PS107_34-5; PS107_36-1; PS107_37-1; PS107_40-2; PS107_40-3; PS107_40-4; PS107_40-5; PS107_40-6; PS107_48-1; PS107_6-8; PS107_7-1; PS107_8-1; PS113; PS113_0_underway-5; PS113_11-2; PS113_1-2; PS113_13-2; PS113_14-2; PS113_15-1; PS113_17-2; PS113_18-2; PS113_20-1; PS113_21-1; PS113_22-2; PS113_23-2; PS113_25-1; PS113_26-2; PS113_27-1; PS113_28-1; PS113_29-2; PS113_30-2; PS113_31-1; PS113_3-2; PS113_33-1; PS113_5-2; PS113_6-2; PS113_7-2; PS113_9-2; PS120; PS120_0_underway-10; PS120_11-3; PS120_15-3; PS120_19-3; PS120_20-1; PS120_21-3; PS120_24-3; PS120_3-1; PS120_5-3; PS120_8-3; PS121; PS121_0_Underway-65; PS121_1-2; PS121_12-2; PS121_15-1; PS121_16-5; PS121_24-2; PS121_25-2; PS121_27-2; PS121_28-4; PS121_29-1; PS121_32-2; PS121_33-2; PS121_34-1; PS121_35-3; PS121_36-1; PS121_38-1; PS121_39-1; PS121_40-3; PS121_43-7; PS121_44-3; PS121_45-1; PS121_52-2; PS121_52-6; PS121_5-3; PS121_7-3; PS74; PS74/104-1; PS74/107-1; PS74/108-1; PS74/112-1; PS74/119-1; PS74/120-1; PS74/127-1; PS74/128-1; PS74/132-1; PS74/133-1; PS74/134-1; PS74/1-track; PS74/2-track; PS76; PS76/001-1; PS76/002-1; PS76/005-1; PS76/007-2; PS76/009-1; PS76/017-1; PS76/020-1; PS76/025-1; PS76/026-1; PS76/030-1; PS76/034-3; PS76/039-1; PS76/041-1; PS76/044-1; PS76/049-1; PS76/051-1; PS76/057-1; PS76/058-1; PS76/062-1; PS76/064-1; PS76/068-1; PS76/072-1; PS76/080-1; PS76/082-1; PS76/094-1; PS76/098-1; PS76/102-1; PS76/109-3; PS76/110-1; PS76/111-1; PS76/120-2; PS76/121-1; PS76/122-1; PS76/124-3; PS76/129-1; PS76/132-1; PS76/134-1; PS76/135-1; PS76/136-1; PS76/138-1; PS76/139-1; PS76/157-1; PS76/159-2; PS76/166-1; PS76/167-1; PS76/170-2; PS76/173-1; PS76/174-1; PS76/175-1; PS76/176-1; PS76/178-1; PS76/179-3; PS76/181-1; PS76/182-1; PS76/184-1; PS76/185-1; PS76/194-1; PS76/200-1; PS76/201-1; PS76/203-1; PS76/204-1; PS76/208-5; PS76/210-2; PS76/211-1; PS76/216-1; PS76/220-1; PS76/223-1; PS76/224-1; PS76/227-3; PS76/229-1; PS76/231-1; PS76/233-1; PS76/235-
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 37522 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of liposome-cell interactions in vitro: Rate constants of binding and endocytosis with suspension and adherent J774 cells and human monocytes (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 32 (1993), S. 889-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00054a021
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ETHYLENE-BUTENE-2 ALTERNATING CRYSTALLINE COPOLYMERS (1961)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 83 (1961), S. 3343-3344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01476a045
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of proline by the tiger prawnPenaeus esculentus (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 110 (1991), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and fate of14C-proline were investigated in immature tiger prawns,Penaeus esculentus Haswell, collected in Moreton Bay, Cleveland, Australia, by trawling during 1986/1987. Initially the prawns were fed14C-proline in food pellets to follow the pathway of proline absorption and distribution in the body.14C-proline was also injected directly into the prawn to provide sufficient tracer to follow the incorporation of14C into other amino acids and into proteins. A comparison was made of the metabolism of injected14C-proline over 48 h in prawns that had been fed and those that had been starved for 10 d. Free amino acids (FAA) in the muscle and protein-bound amino acids were analysed separately. Labelled proline was completely absorbed and distributed within the body 3 h after ingestion, about 80% being in the tissues, mostly in muscle. There was no significant difference between the total CO2 output in fed and starved prawns, but the latter metabolised about twice the amount of labelled proline over 48 h. At this time, in abdominal muscle of fed prawns, about 95% of the total muscle label was in the FAA; of the label in the FAA, 78% was proline and 18% glutamic acid, with the remainder in hydroxyproline, aspartic acid, glutamine, alanine and Kreb's cycle intermediates. In the starved prawns, proline was 58%, glutamic acid 24%, with correspondingly higher amounts in the other compounds. In the muscle protein, the distribution of label was similar in fed and starved prawns, with 72 to 74% as proline. The experiments showed that proline is not very labile in the tiger prawn and its rate of synthesis is slow. It does not appear to be an important source of energy as in some insects and cephalopods, but during starvation is only slowly oxidised for energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313095
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fate of some 14C-labelled dietary lipids in the tiger prawn Penaeus esculentus (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 115 (1993), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Penaeus esculentus Haswell were collected from Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, by trawling during 1987–1988. After standardisation for nutritional state and moult stage (C to D0), prawns were fed one of three 14C labelled lipids: a non-essential fatty acid (FA: palmitic acid, 16:0); an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA: eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3); and the essential sterol, cholesterol. The diet was not deficient in any of these lipids. Experiments were run for 24 and 72 h, the rate of production and radioactivity of CO2 was determined, and at the end of each experiment lipid classes of the neutral (NL) and polar lipid (PL) fractions of the digestive gland, abdominal muscle and integument were separated and the 14C counted. Approximately 34% of the 14C16:0 and 14C20:5n-3 was oxidised to CO2 at similar rates up to 72 h, both reacing a peak at 12 h; cholesterol was not oxidised to CO2. The distribution in the tissues of 14C from all three labels was similar: digestive gland 〉 muscle 〉 remainder 〉 blood 〉 gills 〉 proventriculus 〉 hindgut. This was not due to mass of the tissue or its lipid content. Most of the label from the FA was in PL (digestive gland 〉 50%, muscle and integument 〉 80%). In the NL, most of the label was in free FA; in the PL classes, 14C was predominant in phosphatidylcholine (PC), especially in the muscle and integument. The data indicate that the digestive gland is a major site of lipid synthesis, as well as assimilation and storage. The distribution of the 14C20:5n-3 label differed appreciably from that of 14C16:0 only in the PL fraction, where it was more evenly distributed. It was concluded that, when in excess, the fate of this essential PUFA is similar to that of non-essential FA. Labelled cholesterol was distributed readily through the tissues, but appeared to be mostly retained as such.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349384
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  • 9
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    Electronic Resource
    Lipid-class composition of organs and tissues of the tiger prawnPanaeus esculentus during the moulting cycle and during starvation (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 108 (1991), S. 235-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Neutral lipid and phospholipid fractions and their component lipid classes in the digestive gland, abdominal muscle, epidermis and cuticle ofPenaeus esculentus Haswell were analysed and compared during the moulting cycle and during starvation. The prawns were collected from Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, by trawling during 1985–1987, and were fed on a standard, semi-purified diet. The digestive gland appears to be a major site of lipid synthesis, storage and mobilisation in preparation for moulting. Neutral lipid, 59 to 80% of which was triacylglycerol, was the larger fraction. It accumulated during early premoult, mainly due to the increase in triacylglycerol. The digestive gland contained only 18% of the total body lipid, or 8% of body lipid as triacylglycerol. Thus, the reserve lipid available for energy production is very small. Digestive gland triacylglycerol was markedly depleted after 4 d starvation and was almost completely absent after 8 d. In the other tissues, the major fraction was phospholipid, of which over 50% was phosphatidylcholine and up to 20% phoshatidylethanolamine; cholesterol was the major class in the neutral lipid fraction and appeared to be very stable. Most of this lipid was probably a component of cellular membranes. The lipid composition of muscle changed very little during the moulting cycle: total lipid levels in the epidermis were high in late premoult and early postmoult, when new cuticle is being secreted, but the proportions of the component lipids were closely similar. Cuticle lipid, together with other major components, was resorbed from the old cuticle prior to ecdysis, but the cuticle phospholipids appeared to be labile at all moult stages. The total of all lipids in fedP. esculentus was about 3.6% dry weight, of which about 70% was phospholipid. Earlier research had shown that when digestive gland lipid is exhausted after a short period of starvation, muscle is metabolised for energy. The present research showed that in the remaining muscle only about 13% of lipid was lost after 21 d starvation, mostly as phosphatidylcholine. This is in keeping with the need to maintain this tissue in a functional state. In contrast, epidermal lipid levels were markedly reduced after only 4 d starvation and the proportions of phospholipids changed significantly. This sensitivity of the cuticle lipids to starvation may be the cause of delayed moulting, which is characteristic of poor nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01344338
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  • 10
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    Electronic Resource
    Carotenoids versus retinoids (Vitamin A) as essential growth factors in penaeid prawns (Penaeus semisulcatus) (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 124 (1995), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan adult gravid females, eggs and non-feeding early larvae, including Protozoea I, were used to test the hypothesis that retinoid (Vitamin A) is not required in early decapod crustacean development. In the adult gravid females, retinoids were detected only in the eyes (1.56±0.23 μg g-1 wet mass), whereas there were up to 97 μg g-1 wet mass total carotenoid in digestive gland and epidermis. This was mostly esterified, except in the ovaries, where free astaxanthin predominated (30 μg g-1). No retinoids could be detected in the eggs, the naupliar stages or Protozoea I, but free astaxanthin was metabolised exponentially, falling from 19 μg g-1 in the eggs to 4 μg g-1 in Protozoea I. This suggests that retinoid is not essential in early development and that carotenoid could be taking its place. Also, including retinoids in artificial diets appears to be unnecessary, provided adequate carotenoid is supplied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347124
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