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  • 1
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    Genome Assembly Improvement and Mapping Convergently Evolved Skeletal Traits in Sticklebacks with Genotyping-by-Sequencing (2015)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-16
    Description: Marine populations of the threespine stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) have repeatedly colonized and rapidly adapted to freshwater habitats, providing a powerful system to map the genetic architecture of evolved traits. Here, we developed and applied a binned genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method to build dense genome-wide linkage maps of sticklebacks using two large marine by freshwater F2 crosses of more than 350 fish each. The resulting linkage maps significantly improve the genome assembly by anchoring 78 new scaffolds to chromosomes, reorienting 40 scaffolds, and rearranging scaffolds in 4 locations. In the revised genome assembly, 94.6% of the assembly was anchored to a chromosome. To assess linkage map quality, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling lateral plate number, which mapped as expected to a 200-kb genomic region containing Ectodysplasin , as well as a chromosome 7 QTL overlapping a previously identified modifier QTL. Finally, we mapped eight QTL controlling convergently evolved reductions in gill raker length in the two crosses, which revealed that this classic adaptive trait has a surprisingly modular and nonparallel genetic basis.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 2
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    Current evidence allows multiple models for the peopling of the Americas (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-09
    Description: Some recent academic and popular literature implies that the problem of the colonization of the Americas has been largely resolved in favor of one specific model: a Pacific coastal migration, dependent on high marine productivity, from the Bering Strait to South America, thousands of years before Clovis, the earliest widespread cultural manifestation south of the glacial ice. Speculations on maritime adaptations and typological links (stemmed points) across thousands of kilometers have also been advanced. A review of the current genetic, archeological, and paleoecological evidence indicates that ancestral Native American population expansion occurred after 16,000 years ago, consistent with the archeological record, particularly with the earliest securely dated sites after ~15,000 years ago. These data are largely consistent with either an inland (ice-free corridor) or Pacific coastal routes (or both), but neither can be rejected at present. Systematic archeological and paleoecological investigations, informed by geomorphology, are required to test each hypothesis.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Stimulation of RNA and protein synthesis by intracellular insulin (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-22
    Description: Like insulin-sensitive somatic cells, stage IV oocytes from Xenopus laevis increase their synthesis of RNA, protein, and glycogen in response to extracellular insulin. Synthesis of RNA and protein are also increased when oocytes are maintained under paraffin oil and insulin is microinjected into the cytoplasm. The effects of external and intracellular insulin are additive, suggesting separate mechanisms of action. Experiments with nuclei isolated under oil show that RNA synthesis can be stimulated by applying insulin to the nucleus directly. Thus, the nucleus appears to be one intracellular site of hormone action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 22;240(4851):506-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2451860" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Glycogen/biosynthesis ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Microinjections ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA/*biosynthesis ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Endotoxin-induced structural transformations in liquid crystalline droplets (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: The ordering of liquid crystals (LCs) is known to be influenced by surfaces and contaminants. Here, we report that picogram per milliliter concentrations of endotoxin in water trigger ordering transitions in micrometer-size LC droplets. The ordering transitions, which occur at surface concentrations of endotoxin that are less than 10(-5) Langmuir, are not due to adsorbate-induced changes in the interfacial energy of the LC. The sensitivity of the LC to endotoxin was measured to change by six orders of magnitude with the geometry of the LC (droplet versus slab), supporting the hypothesis that interactions of endotoxin with topological defects in the LC mediate the response of the droplets. The LC ordering transitions depend strongly on glycophospholipid structure and provide new designs for responsive soft matter.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3448959/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3448959/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, I-Hsin -- Miller, Daniel S -- Bertics, Paul J -- Murphy, Christopher J -- de Pablo, Juan J -- Abbott, Nicholas L -- CA105730/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA108467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA108467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI092004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 10;332(6035):1297-300. doi: 10.1126/science.1195639. Epub 2011 May 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1607, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallization ; Endotoxins/*chemistry ; Escherichia coli ; Lipid A/chemistry ; Liquid Crystals/*chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Surface Properties ; Water/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Ingestion of crude oil: sublethal effects in herring gull chicks (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-20
    Description: A single small oral dose of Kuwait or South Louisiana crude oil caused cessation of growth, osmoregulatory impairment, and hypertrophy of hepatic, adrenal, and nasal gland tissue in herring gull chicks living in a simulated marine environment. These findings suggest that ingesting crude oil causes multiple sublethal effects that might impair a bird's ability to survive at sea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, D S -- Peakall, D B -- Kinter, W B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 20;199(4326):315-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/145655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Animals ; Birds/*physiology ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Growth/*drug effects ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology ; Petroleum/*toxicity ; Salt Gland/enzymology ; Seawater ; Sodium/blood ; Water-Electrolyte Balance/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Morphology Features Extracted Computationally From Images (2013)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-11
    Description: Seeds are studied to understand dispersal and establishment of the next generation, as units of agricultural yield, and for other important reasons. Thus, elucidating the genetic architecture of seed size and shape traits will benefit basic and applied plant biology research. This study sought quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the size and shape of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds by computational analysis of seed phenotypes in recombinant inbred lines derived from the small-seeded Landsberg erecta x large-seeded Cape Verde Islands accessions. On the order of 10 3 seeds from each recombinant inbred line were automatically measured with flatbed photo scanners and custom image analysis software. The eight significant QTL affecting seed area explained 63% of the variation, and overlapped with five of the six major-axis (length) QTL and three of the five minor-axis (width) QTL, which accounted for 57% and 38% of the variation in those traits, respectively. Because the Arabidopsis seed is exalbuminous, lacking an endosperm at maturity, the results are relatable to embryo length and width. The Cvi allele generally had a positive effect of 2.6–4.0%. Analysis of variance showed heritability of the three traits ranged between 60% and 73%. Repeating the experiment with 2.2 million seeds from a separate harvest of the RIL population and approximately 0.5 million seeds from 92 near-isogenic lines confirmed the aforementioned results. Structured for download are files containing phenotype measurements, all sets of seed images, and the seed trait measuring tool.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ackee Toxin : a Riboflavin Antimetabolite? (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 186 (1960), S. 561-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. l By feeding each of the components of the meal separately in diets adequate in all nutrients, all were found to be innocuous, and the losses in weight on the complete meal were only prevented by supplementation with B vitamins, or more particularly with riboflavin (see Fig. 1). However, it ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/186561b0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Correlation Between Sulphur Content and Net Dietary-Protein Value (1958)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 182 (1958), S. 1786-1787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WITH the work of Willcock and Hopkins1 and Osborne2 the concept was established that the nutritive value of proteins could be interpreted in terms of amino-acid composition, or, in the light of more recent work3, in terms of their content of essential amino-acids, and might therefore be estimated ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1821786a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Ingestion of Milk on Concentrations of Blood Alcohol (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 1051-1051 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In view of the current interest in the relationship between the consumption of alcohol and road accidents, we thought it worth while to use the same technique to measure the effect of milk on the levels of alcohol in the blood. We chose milk both because it is so generally available and because it ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2121051a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic Differences between Starch and Sucrose (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 209 (1966), S. 81-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our suggestion that dietary sugar is a cause of ischaemic heart disease has sometimes been criticized on the grounds of implausibility (for example, Kinsell6). Sugar, we are told, is rapidly hydrolysed and rapidly absorbed as glucose and fructose, and the fructose is rapidly converted into glucose; ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/209081a0
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