ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

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Comparison of bacterial and algal utilization of orthophosphate in an estuarine environment (1976)

Faust, M. A. ; Correll, D. L.

Springer

Marine biology 34 (1976), S. 151-162

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Bacterial utilization of orthophosphate in an estuarine environment has been differentiated from algal utilization by using flow-filters of 5.0, 1.2 and 0.45 μm poresize. Examination by light microscopy showed that most of the bacterial population passed through a 5.0-μm filter, whereas most algae were retained. In all experiments, bacterial and algal cell numbers and biomass were estimated. P-uptake by algae and bacteria was closely correlated with cell biomass. P-uptake by algae was high only in the summer months, whereas P-uptake by bacteria was high throughout the year. Neither algal nor bacterial P-uptake, however, was correlated with temperature or dissolved orthophosphate, total organic phosphate or total phosphate concentrations. Cell biomass of algae at a given time had a high correlation with dissolved organic phosphate levels in 2 weeks prior to sampling (r=0.830) and a low correlation in the 2 weeks following sampling (r=0.0005). Algal cell numbers had a high correlation with bacterial cell numbers (r=0.950). The biomass of algae and bacteria also had a high correlation (r=0.902). The rate of P-uptake from the water by algae and bacteria varied with season and with the species composition of the natural population.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390757

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2

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Relationship between phytoplankton cell size and the rate of orthophosphate uptake: in situ observations of an estuarine population (1978)

Friebele, E. S. ; Correll, D. L. ; Faust, M. A.

Springer

Marine biology 45 (1978), S. 39-52

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Orthophosphate uptake by a natural estuarine phytoplankton population was estimated using two methods: (1) 32P uptake experiments in which filters of different pore sizes were used to separate plankton size-fractions; (2) 33P autoradiography of phytoplankton cells. Results of the first method showed that plankton cells larger than 5 μm were responsible for 2% of the total orthophosphate uptake rate. 98% of the total uptake rate occurred in plankton composed mostly of bacteria, which passed the 5 μm screen and were retained by the 0.45 μm pore-size filter. There was no orthophosphate absorption by particulates in a biologically inhibited control containing iodoacetic acid. Orthophosphate uptake rates of individual phytoplankton species were obtained using 33P autoradiography. The sum of these individual rates was very close to the estimated rate of uptake by particulates larger than 5 μm in the 32P labelling experiment. Generally, smaller cells were found to have a faster uptake rate per μm3 biomass than larger cells. Although the nannoplankton constituted only about 21% of the total algal biomass, the rate of phosphate uptake by the nannoplankton was 75% of the total phytoplankton uptake rate. Results of the plankton autoradiography showed that the phosphate uptake rate per unit biomass is a power function of the surface: volume ratio of a cell; the relationship is expressed by the equation Y=2x10-11 X 1.7, where Y is μgP μm-3 h-1 and X is the surface: volume ratio. These results lend support to the hypothesis that smaller cells have a competitive advantage by having faster nutrient uptake rates.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388976

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3

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Autoradiographic study to detect metabolically active phytoplankton and bacteria in the Rhode river estuary (1977)

Faust, M. A. ; Correll, D. L.

Springer

Marine biology 41 (1977), S. 293-305

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The rate of utilization of inorganic carbon (C) and phosphate (P) by phytoplankton and bacteria in the Rhode River estuary has been estimated using liquid-emulsion autoradiography during four times of the year. Metabolic activity of phytoplankton was estimated by calculating silver grains above individual species. From these counts, the relative C and P uptake rates of individual species per unit of biomass and per volume of water were estimated. Examination of the autoradiograms showed that the metabolically most active, algae were smaller than 10 μm. Both C and P were paken up by these smaller species at a higher rate than their proportion of the total biomass per volume of water would indicate. Uptake of C and P per unit of cell volume varied within a species and among the various phytoplankton at the different seasons of the year. Metabolic activity of planktonic bacteria in safranin-stained autoradiograms was also estimated by counting bacteria with associated grains and cells without grains. The ratio of 33p-labeled to unlabeled bacteria was highest in November. This high metabolic activity of bacteria in November corresponded with high P uptake rates of the phytoplankton at that time. Throughout this study, only 28 to 42% of the total phytoplankton biomass was metabolically active and, 63 to 85% of the bacteria.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389096

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4

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Variability in concentration of suspensates in an estuarine environment (1984)

Pierce, J. W. ; Correll, D. L. ; Goldberg, B. ; [et al.]

Springer

Geo-marine letters 4 (1984), S. 153-155

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ISSN: 1432-1157

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Three data sets of suspensate concentrations, collected under different sampling plans, were analyzed to develop a minimal sampling period, consistent with a predetermined precision. Individual samples collected during any part of a given day were within ±50% of the daily average. In the main channel of the estuary, a monthly sampling scheme closely approximated a weekly pattern; however, seasonal sampling was unsatisfactory. Outside the main channel, weekly, monthly, and seasonal sampling patterns did not differ greatly. Variability in suspensate concentrations must be considered when calculating sediment flux in estuarine and coastal waters.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02281697

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5

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Diagnostic system for measurement of particle balance in TMX-U (1986)

Allen, S. L. ; Correll, D. L. ; Hill, D. N. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2072-2074

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ISSN: 1089-7623

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

Notes: Several diagnostics measure the particle sources and losses in the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) plasma. An absolutely calibrated high-speed (0.5 ms per frame) filtered (6561 A(ring)) video camera measures the total ionization source as a function of radius. An axial view of the plasma automatically integrates the axial variations within the depth of field of the system. Another camera, viewing the plasma radially, measures the axial source variations near the deuterium fueling source. Axial ion losses are measured by an array of Faraday cups that are equipped with grids for repelling electrons and are mounted at each end of the experiment. Unequal ion and electron (nonambipolar) radial losses are inferred from net current measurements on an array of grounded plates at each end. Any differences between the measured particle losses and sources may be attributed to ambipolar radial losses and/or azimuthal asymmetries in the particle-loss profiles. Methods of system calibration, along with details of computer data acquisition and processing of this relatively large set of data, are also presented.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138742

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6

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Nonambipolar radial particle transport in a tandem mirror (1985)

Hooper, E. B. ; Cohen, R. H. ; Correll, D. L. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Physics of Fluids 28 (1985), S. 3609-3618

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ISSN: 1089-7666

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: Nonambipolar transport has been measured in the tandem mirror TMX-U [Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 783 (1984)] by applying charge conservation to the measured electron currents to the end walls. The resulting confinement time τ⊥ is found to depend upon the central-cell potential φ approximately as τ⊥(msec) =3φ(kV)−2. The transport rate, deduced from the data, agrees to within a factor of 1–5 with resonant-transport theory applied to the measured plasma parameters. Attempts to include radial effects by modeling the plasma self-consistently using resonant transport are less successful; near the axis the transport coefficients become too small to explain the equilibrium. Modeling using an ad hoc φ−2 law for the transport coefficients is more successful.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865317

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7

Electronic Resource

Beam plasma neutron sources based on beam-driven mirror (1989)

Coensgen, F. H. ; Casper, T. A. ; Correll, D. L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of fusion energy 8 (1989), S. 237-247

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ISSN: 1572-9591

Keywords: Fusion materials ; materials development ; neutron damage ; neutron source

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The design and performance of a relatively low-cost, plasma-based, 14-MeV D-T neutron source for accelerated end-of-life testing of fusion reactor materials are described in this article. An intense flux (up to 5×1018 n/m2·s) of 14-MeV neutrons is produced in a fully-ionized high-density tritium target (n e ≈ 3×1021 m−3) by injecting a current of 150-keV deuterium atoms. The tritium plasma target and the energetic D+ density produced by D0 injection are confined in a column of diameter ⩽ 0.16 m by a linear magnet set, which provides magnetic fields up to 12 T. Energy deposited by transverse injection of neutral beams at the midpoint of the column is conducted along the plasma column to the end regions. Longitudinal plasma pressure in the column is balanced by neutral gas pressure in the end tanks. The target plasma temperature is about 200 eV at the beam-injection position and falls to 5 eV or less in the end region. Ions reach the walls with energies below the sputtering threshold, and the wall temperature is maintained below 740 K by conventional cooling technology.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051652

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