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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: This slide deck was developed to inform broader scientific, as well as general audiences about the role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, including key sinks and sources of anthropogenic carbon and how they have evolved through time and space.
    Keywords: Global carbon cycle ; Anthropogenic carbon
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Presentation
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Benchmarking 1 (1994), S. 42-63 
    ISSN: 1463-5771
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Technology
    Notes: Change is an essential business trait. Manufacturing particularly istransforming at an unprecedented pace. Adopting effective managementpractices, capable of keeping pace with the changing technologicalenvironment, is particularly important to success in global markets.Manufacturers employing advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) areoften more flexible than their traditional counter-parts since AMTpermits the integration of product design and production processes.Consequently, this synergistic effect facilitates achievement ofworld-class manufacturing objectives. Despite obvious advantages, sparseresearch exists concerning achieving AMT competitive advantages. Toincorporate AMT organizationally, management must be cognizant of therequirements for successful AMT implementation. Provides managerialrequirements for successfully achieving AMT competitive advantages.Assuming management understands the "how" of doing things right andincorporates the necessary corporate cultural changes to embrace AMT,manufacturing strategic planning can lead the organization towards"what" are the right things to pursue. Therefore, strategic planning isgiven substantial consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 4 (1987), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: acute tolerance ; bumetanide ; kinetics ; dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bumetanide was administered intravenously to four mongrel dogs, in a random crossover fashion, at doses of 0.05 mg/kg (I), 0.15 mg/kg (II), and 0.5 mg/kg (III) where urinary losses were replaced with lactated Ringer's solution at 1.5 ml/min (hydropenic conditions) or at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg (IV) where urinary losses were replaced with lactated Ringer's solution isovolumetrically (euvolemic conditions). Serial plasma and urine samples were assayed for bumetanide by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and for sodium by flame photometry. There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of bumetanide among Treatments I–IV. The dynamic parameters E max (maximum effect attributable to the drug) and s (slope factor) were not different between treatments. However, a consistent, demonstrable increase in ER50 (urinary excretion rate of drug producing 50% of E max) was observed among Treatments I (2.34 µg/min), II (3.92 µg/min), and III (6.54 µg/min); also, a significant decrease in ER50 was observed between Treatment III (6.54 µg/min) and Treatment IV (2.66 µg/min). These results show that hydration status has a marked effect on natriuretic and diuretic response and that tolerance can rapidly develop within a single intravenous dose of bumetanide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: mean residence time ; pharmacokinetics ; Michaelis-Menten elimination ; one-compartment model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 17 (1995), S. 99-111 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Robot acquisition planning ; equipment selection ; mathematical programming ; heuristic search ; tabu search ; simulated annealing ; Roboter Anschaffungsplanung ; CIM ; Bin packing ; Tabu search ; Simulated annealing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dieser Bericht beschreibt die Entwicklung eines mathematischen Programms und dreier effizienter Entscheidungsregeln für die Anschaffungsplanung von Robotern verschiedener Typen für ein CIM-System. In unserem Modell wird eine Kombination von Robotern verschiedener Typen zusammengestellt, die den operationalen Anforderungen (d.h. Zeit und Raum) einer bestimmten Anzahl von Arbeitsplätzen bei gleichzeitig minimalem Kostenaufwand gerecht wird. Im Detail bedeutet das: jeder Roboter zeichnet sich einerseits durch seinen festgesetzten Preis aus und andererseits unterliegt er zwei Kapazitätsbeschränkungen: seiner Maschinenzeit und seiner Arbeitsfläche; jeder Arbeitsplatz stellt bestimmte Anforderungen, die uns bekannt sind, sowohl an die Maschinenzeit als auch an die Arbeitsfläche und soll von nur einem Roboter bedient werden. Das Modell wird durch ein mathematisches 0–1-Programm dargestellt und hat sich als schwieriger als das bekannte NP-schwere zweidimensionale Bin Packing-Problem herausgestellt. Die drei entwickelten Entscheidungsregeln sind: ‘greedy heuristic’, ‘tabu thresholding’ und ‘simulated annealing’. Alle Entscheidungsregeln wurden anhand 450 zufällig generierter Problemfälle getestet. Die Computerergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß alle Algorithmen für die Lösung von Problemen praktischer Größen (d.h. 50 Arbeitsplätze und maximal 20 Roboter) anwendbar und ausreichend sind. Hinsichtlich der zeitlichen Dauer und Qualität der Problemlösung hebt sich jedoch keine der Entscheidungsregeln wesentlich von den anderen beiden ab. Zukünftige Forschungsaspekte werden ebenfalls aufgeführt.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, a planning model and three efficient heuristics are developed for equipment acquisition planning for a CIM system using multiple-type robots. Our planning model considers selection of a proper mix of multiple-type robots such that operational requirements (i.e., time and space) from a given number of work stations are satisfied at minimal system cost. In specific, each robot is characterized by its fixed charge and subject to two capacity constraints on machine time and work space; and each work station has known demands for both machine time and work space, and is to be served by only one robot. The model is formulated as a pure 0–1 mathematical program and is shown to be harder than two-dimensional bin packing, a well-known NP-hard problem. The three heuristics developed are: a greedy heuristic, tabu thresholding, and simulated annealing. All heuristics are tested by solving 450 randomly generated problems. Computational results indicate that all three heuristics are effective and efficient in solving problems of a practical size (i.e., 50 work stations and a maximum of 20 robots). However, none of the heuristics are overwhelmingly better than the others in terms of both solution time and quality. Future research issues are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 77 (1998), S. 229-252 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, a mathematical model and a solution algorithm are developed for solving a robot acquisition and cell formation problem (RACFP). Our model considers purchasing a proper mix of robots and assigning all given workstations to purchased robots such that each robot cell satisfies its workstations' resource demands while minimizing the total system (acquisition) cost. Specifically, each robot has two capacity constraints - available work envelope and effective machine time. RACFP is formulated as a multi-type two-dimensional bin packing problem, a pure 0-1 integer program which is known to be NP-hard. In this paper, a very efficient (polynomial time bound) heuristic algorithm is developed and implemented. The algorithm consists of two major stages. The first stage employs an LP-based bounding procedure to produce a tight solution bound, whereas the second stage repetitively invokes a random search heuristic using a greedy evaluation function. The algorithm is tested by solving 450 randomly generated problems based on realistic parameter values. Computational results show that the heuristic algorithm has outperformed algorithms using general optimization techniques such as Simulated Annealing and Column Generation. All test problems are solved within an order of magnitude of 10 seconds, with a gap of less than 1% from the optimum. More importantly, over 70% of all solutions are optimal (334 out of 450). The algorithm can be easily modified for other applications such as file placement for a multi-device storage system and job scheduling for a multi-processing system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 50 (1994), S. 239-261 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we consider a class of bin selection and packing problems (BPP) in which potential bins are of various types, have two resource constraints, and the resource requirement for each object differs for each bin type. The problem is to select bins and assign the objects to bins so as to minimize the sum of bin costs while meeting the two resource constraints. This problem represents an extension of the classical two-dimensional BPP in which bins are homogeneous. Typical applications of this research include computer storage device selection with file assignment, robot selection with work station assignment, and computer processor selection with task assignment. Three solution algorithms have been developed and tested: a simple greedy heuristic, a method based onsimulated annealing (SA) and an exact algorithm based onColumn Generation with Branch and Bound (CG). An LP-based method for generating tight lower bounds was also developed (LB). Several hundred test problems based on computer storage device selection and file assignment were generated and solved. The heuristic solved problems up to 100 objects in less than a second; average solution value was within about 3% of the optimum. SA improved solutions to an average gap of less than 1% but a significant increase in computing time. LB produced average lower bounds within 3% of optimum within a few seconds. CG is practical for small to moderately-sized problems — possibly as many as 50 objects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 14 (1986), S. 157-174 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: furosemide ; protein binding ; renal and secretion clearances ; excretion ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Direct quantitative data and corresponding theory are provided for the effect of protein binding on the renal transport of furosemide. Drug studies were performed with various combinations of bovine serum albumin and dextran. This resulted in a percent unbound (fu) of furosemide ranging from 0.785 to 85.8%. The corrected renal (CLr/GFR) and secretion (CLs/GFR) clearances of furosemide were observed to increase with percent free, but in a nonproportional manner. Plots ofCLr/GFR orCLs/GFR vs.fu appeared to have a prominenty intercept as well as a convex ascending curve. In addition, the excretion ratio [ER=CLr/ (fu · GFR)] was reduced from 60.8 to 8.72 asfu increased. Overall, the data were best fitted to a model in which two Michaelis-Menten terms wre used to describe renal tubular transport, and secretion was dependent upon free drug concentrations in the perfusate. The results demonstrate that the renal mechanisms of furosemide excretion are more complex than previously reported and that active secretion may involve two different transport systems over the concentration range studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 5 (1988), S. 86-91 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: acute tolerance ; bumetanide ; kinetics ; dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bumetanide was administered intravenously to four mongrel dogs as a bolus of 8.7 µg/kg, immediately followed by a constant-rate infusion of 0.35 µg/min/kg at 0.036 ml/min. Treatment A consisted of a 90-min equilibration period and first hour (Phase I) of study in which animals were maintained under euvolemic conditions. During the subsequent 3 hr of Treatment A (Phase II), animals were maintained under hydropenic conditions. These experiments were then repeated 1 week later (Treatment B) with the temporal aspects of hydration reversed (Phase III, hydropenia; Phase IV, euvolemia). Serial plasma and urine samples were assayed for bumetanide by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and for sodium by flame photometry. The bumetanide excretion rate was not significantly different during the 4 hr of Treatment A, although minor differences were observed between Phase III and Phase IV of Treatment B. The sodium excretion rate showed significant differences between euvolemic and hydropenic conditions of both treatments. A two- to threefold difference in the sodium excretion rate persisted even when slight differences (〈20%) in bumetanide excretion rates were taken into account. These results demonstrate that an acute tolerance does develop to constant-rate infusions of bumetanide when inadequate fluid and electrolyte replacement occurs and that this tolerance can be reversed by rehydration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
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