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  • 1
    Keywords: Plant ecology. ; Plant physiology. ; Plant diseases. ; Agriculture. ; Environment. ; Plant Ecology. ; Plant Physiology. ; Plant Pathology. ; Agriculture. ; Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Global plant invasions on the rise -- Invasion of plant communities -- Development of pathways of global plant invasions in space and time -- Plant invasions, rising CO2, and global climate change -- Plant invasions in Asia -- A historical perspective on plant invasion in Australia -- European plant invasions -- Plant invasions in North America -- Plant invasions in South America -- Biological invasions by plants in continental Central America -- Plant invasions in Africa -- Island plant invasions -- Plant invasions in mountains -- Biotic and economic impacts of plant invasions -- Advances in the management of invasive plants -- Moving towards global strategies for managing invasive alien species -- A Future planet of weeds?.
    Abstract: Invasive species have inspired concern for many reasons, including economic and environmental impacts in specific jurisdictions within particular countries. However, it is apparent that for some invasive plant species, political borders offer only weak barriers because these species have succeeded in invading many countries, emerging as threats at a global level. With this level of threat, a number of books on invasive plants and invasive species in general have been published in recent years, but none explicitly provides “global” coverage, perhaps because it is only recently that the full geographical, economic and environmental implications of widespread spread and adaptive nature of these particular invasive plants have been recognized. We plan to make this volume unique by profiling plant invasions in explicitly geographical contexts; on the world continents (Chapters 5-11), as well as islands (Chapter 12) and mountains (Chapter 13). This global approach is supported by an overview of invasion biology and recent advances (Chapter 1) and how different communities differ in invasibility (Chapter 2). Global factors influencing invasion are introduced in Chapter 3 (globalized trade) and Chapter 4 (climate change). Key species are profiled through geographic treatments, continent by continent (Chapters 5-11), and for islands (Chapter 12) and mountains (Chapter 13). The impact of invasive plants is highlighted in Chapter 14, both in biotic and economic terms, partly to counter the tendency for the young field of invasion biology to rely too much on anecdotal evidence. This chapters is also designed to bring home the message that these are serious problems that must be dealt with, as covered in the subsequent chapters. The book concludes with three chapters casting light on solutions to the many problems described in the rest of the volume. Chapter 15 features new, innovative technologies that are being developed to monitor and manage invasive plants, and Chapter 16 presents comprehensive strategies for public education and implementation of management on local and global scales. Chapter 17 describes different future scenarios depending on current trends in plant invasion and its management, just as climate change predictions employ various scenarios to project the future. The future is very much up to us, as humanity grapples with the question of how best to strategically meet the problems of global invasive plant problems that we ourselves have created that is further challenged by a changing climate. We are confident that this book will be of interest to invasion biologists, resource managers, and the legion of others who must deal with these invasive plants across the globe on a daily basis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 381 p. 38 illus., 22 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030896843
    DDC: 581.7
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Call number: PIK P 037-21-94593
    Description / Table of Contents: The Routledge Handbook of Research Methods for Social-Ecological Systems provides a synthetic guide to the range of methods that can be employed in social-ecological systems (SES) research. The book is primarily targeted at graduate students, lecturers and researchers working on SES, and has been written in a style that is accessible to readers entering the field from a variety of different disciplinary backgrounds. Each chapter discusses the types of SES questions to which the particular methods are suited and the potential resources and skills required for their implementation, and provides practical examples of the application of the methods. In addition, the book contains a conceptual and practical introduction to SES research, a discussion of key gaps and frontiers in SES research methods, and a glossary of key terms in SES research. Contributions from 97 different authors, situated at SES research hubs in 16 countries around the world, including South Africa, Sweden, Germany and Australia, bring a wealth of expertise and experience to this book. The first book to provide a guide and introduction specifically focused on methods for studying SES, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of sustainability science, environmental management, global environmental change studies and environmental governance. The book will also be of interest to upper-level undergraduates and professionals working at the science–policy interface in the environmental arena.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 494 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 978-0-367-89840-3
    Series Statement: Routledge International Handbooks
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1991-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0304-3800
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-7026
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 4
  • 5
    Publication Date: 1913-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7398
    Electronic ISSN: 1475-4959
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    In:  Supplement to: Clements, Jeff C; Hannigan, Michael P; Miller, Shelly L; Peel, Jennifer L; Milford, Jana B (2016): Comparisons of urban and rural PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 mass concentrations and semi-volatile fractions in northeastern Colorado. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(11), 7469-7484, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7469-2016
    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Coarse (PM10-2.5) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter in the atmosphere adversely affect human health and influence climate. While PM2.5 is relatively well studied, less is known about the sources and fate of PM10-2.5. The Colorado Coarse Rural-Urban Sources and Health (CCRUSH) study measured PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, as well as the fraction of semi-volatile material (SVM) in each size regime (SVM2.5, SVM10-2.5), for three years in Denver and comparatively rural Greeley, Colorado. Agricultural operations east of Greeley appear to have contributed to the peak PM10-2.5 concentrations there, but concentrations were generally lower in Greeley than in Denver. Traffic-influenced sites in Denver had PM10-2.5 concentrations that averaged from 14.6 to 19.7 µg/m**3 and mean PM10-2.5/PM10 ratios of 0.56 to 0.70, higher than at residential sites in Denver or Greeley. PM10-2.5 concentrations were more temporally variable than PM2.5 concentrations. Concentrations of the two pollutants were not correlated. Spatial correlations of daily averaged PM10-2.5 concentrations ranged from 0.59 to 0.62 for pairs of sites in Denver and from 0.47 to 0.70 between Denver and Greeley. Compared to PM10-2.5, concentrations of PM2.5 were more correlated across sites within Denver and less correlated between Denver and Greeley. PM10-2.5 concentrations were highest during the summer and early fall, while PM2.5 and SVM2.5 concentrations peaked in winter during periodic multi-day inversions. SVM10-2.5 concentrations were low at all sites. Diurnal peaks in PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 concentrations corresponded to morning and afternoon peaks of traffic activity, and were enhanced by boundary layer dynamics. SVM2.5 concentrations peaked around noon on both weekdays and weekends. PM10-2.5 concentrations at sites located near highways generally increased with wind speeds above about 3 m/s. Little wind speed dependence was observed for the residential sites in Denver and Greeley.
    Keywords: Colorado, United States of America; File name; File size; NE-Colorado; Uniform resource locator/link to raw data file; Weather station/meteorological observation; WST
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: While many studies document effects of elevated pCO2 on coastal organisms, the environmental variability characteristic of coastal regions is often not directly tested. We tested for effects of elevated pCO2 on the valve gaping activity of adult eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in response to acute heat shock that can occur in nearshore shallow coastal waters. In two consecutive experimental trials, oysters (n = 4) wired with Hall Effect biosensors (that measured valve gaping at one-second intervals) were exposed for 10 days at six different pCO2 treatments spanning a range currently observed in nearshore coastal regions, and predicted under near-future ocean acidification. After the 10-day acclimation period, oysters from each pCO2 treatment were exposed to a 3-h heat shock assay (11-12 to 30 °C) and valve gaping activity was monitored continuously. During the heat shock assays, valve gaping activity increased with increasing temperature and then ceased when temperature was reduced back to 11-12 °C; however, these valve gaping rate increases during heat shock were not characteristic of overly-stressed oysters. Exposure to elevated pCO2 had no effect on the valve gaping response of oysters to acute heat shock. Our results suggest that the valve gaping responses of adult eastern oysters to acute temperature increases are unaffected by short-term elevations in seawater pCO2. Future studies incorporating the roles of local adaptation, food availability, and direct functional consequences of valve gaping (e.g. physiological rates, predator avoidance, response to environmental toxins) are warranted.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Behaviour; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chlorophyll a; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Crassostrea virginica; Day of experiment; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gape opening; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Registration number of species; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in hours; Trait; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 27177 data points
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  • 8
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Clements, Jeff C; Hunt, Heather L (2014): Influence of sediment acidification and water flow on sediment acceptance and dispersal of juvenile soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 453, 62-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.01.002
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Although ocean acidification is expected to reduce carbonate saturation and yield negative impacts on open-ocean calcifying organisms in the near future, acidification in coastal ecosystems may already be affecting these organisms. Few studies have addressed the effects of sedimentary saturation state on benthic invertebrates. Here, we investigate whether sedimentary aragonite saturation (Omega aragonite) and proton concentration ([H+]) affect burrowing and dispersal rates of juvenile soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria) in a laboratory flume experiment. Two size classes of juvenile clams (0.5-1.5 mm and 1.51-2.5 mm) were subjected to a range of sediment Omega aragonite and [H+] conditions within the range of typical estuarine sediments (Omega aragonite 0.21-1.87; pH 6.8-7.8; [H+] 1.58 × 10**-8-1.51 × 10**- 7) by the addition of varying amounts of CO2, while overlying water pH was kept constant ~ 7.8 (Omega aragonite ~ 1.97). There was a significant positive relationship between the percent of juvenile clams burrowed in still water and Omega aragonite and a significant negative relationship between burrowing and [H+]. Clams were subsequently exposed to one of two different flow conditions (flume; 11 cm/s and 23 cm/s) and there was a significant negative relationship between Omega aragonite and dispersal, regardless of clam size class and flow speed. No apparent relationship was evident between dispersal and [H+]. The results of this study suggest that sediment acidification may play an important role in soft-shell clam recruitment and dispersal. When assessing the impacts of open-ocean and coastal acidification on infaunal organisms, future studies should address the effects of sediment acidification to adequately understand how calcifying organisms may be affected by shifting pH conditions.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; EXP; Experiment; Flow speed; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Laboratory experiment; Little_Lepreau; Mesocosm or benthocosm; Mollusca; Mya arenaria; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; pH; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Reproduction; Salinity; Single species; Size; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 800 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: In North America, studies regarding effects of CO2-induced low pH in bivalve aquaculture are largely restricted to the US Pacific coast. Studies on species from the northwest Atlantic are lacking. Furthermore, information on the roles of intergenerational exposure and biological sex in bivalve responses to low pH, particularly in an aquaculture-specific context, is scant. We tested if short-term (1 month) exposure to CO2-induced reductions in pHNBS affected the reproductive development of male and female eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) during hatchery-specific reproductive conditioning and whether maternal and/or paternal exposure influenced larval responses. Reduced pH (7.5–7.7) increased the rate of reproductive development in both males and females. There was no indication of intergenerational effects; adult pH conditions did not affect early larval development. In contrast, low pH conditions experienced by gametes during spawning, fertilization, and embryo incubation (48 h) resulted in higher larval survival (+6–8% from control), reduced shell height (−2 to 3 µm), and increased deformities (abnormal shell shape; +3–5%). We suggest that local adaptation to acidic land runoff may account for the positive effects of low pH observed in this study. Bioeconomic assessments are now needed to understand the implications of reduced pH on aquaculture operations in these regions of Atlantic Canada.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Comment; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Crassostrea virginica; Day of experiment; Development; Female; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Group; Growth/Morphology; Height; Identification; Individuals; Laboratory experiment; Larvae; Male; Mollusca; Mortality/Survival; North Atlantic; Number; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Proportion; Registration number of species; Replicate; Reproduction; Saint_Simon_Bay; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Sex; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Volume
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 16890 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification is expected to affect marine organisms in the near future. Furthermore, abrupt short-term fluctuations in seawater pCO2 characteristic of near-short coastal regions and high-density aquaculture sites currently have the potential to influence organismal and community functioning by altering animal behaviour. While anti-predator responses in fishes exposed to elevated pCO2 are well documented, such responses in benthic marine invertebrates are poorly studied. We used high frequency, non-invasive biosensors to test whether or not short term (3-week) exposure to elevated pCO2 could impact behavioural responses to the threat of predation in adult Mediterranean mussels from Galicia on the northwestern coast of Spain. Predator alarm cues (crushed conspecifics) resulted in a prolonged (1 h) reduction in the degree of valve opening (−20%) but had no clear effect on overall valve movement activity, while elevated pCO2 did not affect either response. Our results add to the increasing body of evidence suggesting that the effects of end-of-century pCO2 levels on marine animal behaviour are likely weak. Nonetheless, longer-term exposures spanning multiple generations are needed to better understand how ocean acidification might impact behavioural responses to predation in marine bivalves.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Behaviour; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Coast and continental shelf; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus galloprovincialis; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric titration; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Spectrophotometric; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in minutes; Time point, descriptive; Treatment; Treatment: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 36750 data points
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