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  • 1
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    Thematic Mapper Spectral Dimensionality and Data Structure (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: Thematic Mapper data, simulated from field and laboratory spectrometer measurements of a variety of agricultural crops and a wide range of soils, are analyzed to determine their dispersion in the six space defined by the reflective TM bands (i.e., excluding the thermal band). While similar analyses of MSS data from agricultural scenes show that the vast majority of the MSS data occupy a single plane, the simulated TM data primarily occupy three dimensions, defining two intersecting planes and a zone of transition between the two. Viewing the plane of Vegetation head on provides a projection comparable to the single plane of MSS data. The Plane of Soils and transition zone represent new information made available largely as a result of the longer infrared bands included in the Thematic Mapper. A transformation, named the Thematic Mapper Tasseled Cap, is presented which rotates the TM data such that the described data structure is most readily accessible to view.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Invest. Summ., Including Dec. 1983 Workshop Results, Vol. 2; p 28-31
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  • 2
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    Thematic Mapper Spectral Dimensionality and Data Structure (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A simulated LANDSAT 4 TM and MSS data set, representing three crops over three growing seasons and a wide variety of soil types, was used to evaluate the structure of TM data and to compare its characteristics to those of MSS data. TM bands 2, 3, and 4, transformed to tasseled cap-like coordinates, provide an equivalent data space to MSS tasseled cap data, with greater dynamic range and no apparent loss of information resulting from the exclusion of the 0.9 to 1.1 micron region. Data from the six reflective TM bands (excluding the thermal band) primarily occupy two planes and a transition zone between them. The plane of vegetation is comparable to the MSS tasseled cap plane, while the plane of soils and transition zone provide a new dimension of information unavailable from the MSS. This added dimension offers promise of improved ability to determine the relative mix of vegetation and soil in the sensor field of view and to estimate soil moisture status. The improvement in spectral characteristics of the TM over the MSS, not to mention the greater spatial resolution, have resulted in a significant increase in the information content of the data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization Early Results, Vol. 3, Pt. 2; p 443-466
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  • 3
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    Development, implementation and evaluation of satellite-aided agricultural monitoring systems (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Research activities in support of AgRISTARS Inventory Technology Development Project in the use of aerospace remote sensing for agricultural inventory described include: (1) corn and soybean crop spectral temporal signature characterization; (2) efficient area estimation techniques development; and (3) advanced satellite and sensor system definition. Studies include a statistical evaluation of the impact of cultural and environmental factors on crop spectral profiles, the development and evaluation of an automatic crop area estimation procedure, and the joint use of SEASAT-SAR and LANDSAT MSS for crop inventory.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10017 , NASA-CR-167702 , IT-E2-04311 , ERIM-160300-18-P , NAS 1.26:167702
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Multispectral system analysis through modeling and simulation (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design and development of multispectral remote sensor systems and associated information extraction techniques should be optimized under the physical and economic constraints encountered and yet be effective over a wide range of scene and environmental conditions. Direct measurement of the full range of conditions to be encountered can be difficult, time consuming, and costly. Simulation of multispectral data by modeling scene, atmosphere, sensor, and data classifier characteristics is set forth as a viable alternative, particularly when coupled with limited sets of empirical measurements. A multispectral system modeling capability is described. Use of the model is illustrated for several applications - interpretation of remotely sensed data from agricultural and forest scenes, evaluating atmospheric effects in LANDSAT data, examining system design and operational configuration, and development of information extraction techniques.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Proc. of the 11th Intern. Symp. on Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 2; p 1319-1328
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  • 5
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    Remote sensing and geographically based information systems (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The incorporation of remotely sensed digital data in a computer based information system is seen to be equivalent to the incorporation of any other spatially oriented layer of data. The growing interest in such systems indicates a need to develop a generalized geographically oriented data base management system that could be made commercially available for a wide range of applications. Some concepts that distinguish geographic information systems were reviewed, and a simple model which can serve as a conceptual framework for the design of a generalized geographic information system was examined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Proc. of the 11th Intern. Symp. on Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 2; p 1127-1136
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  • 6
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    A physically-based transformation of Thematic Mapper data The TM tasseled cap (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In an extension of previous simulation studies, a transformation of actual TM data in the six reflective bands is described which achieves three objectives: a fundamental view of TM data structures is presented, the vast majority of data variability is concentrated in a few (three) features, and the defined features can be directly associated with physical scene characteristics. The underlying TM data structure, based on three TM scenes as well as simulated data, is described, as are the general spectral characteristics of agricultural crops and other scene classes in the transformed data space.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-22; 256-263
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  • 7
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    Application of the Tasseled Cap concept to simulated thematic mapper data (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Thematic Mapper signal counts in the six reflective bands (i.e., excluding the thermal band) are simulated using field and laboratory spectrometer measurements of a variety of crops, crop conditions, and soil types. The Dave atmospheric model and prelaunch sensor characteristics comprise the other components of the simulation. The simulated data are found to occupy essentially three dimensions, two of which are equivalent to the MSS Tasseled Cap Greennes and Brightness features, and a third which is substantially influenced by the mid-infrared bands of the TM. This new dimension is primarily related to soil characteristics, including soil moisture. The nature and characteristics of each dimension are discussed, as are some of the expected information gains (over MSS data) resulting from the additional dimensionality of the data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0099-1112); 50; 343-352
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  • 8
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    Comparison of Landsat MSS, Nimbus 7 CZCS, and NOAA 6/7 AVHRR features for land use analysis (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Spectral characteristics of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) on board Nimbus 7, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA 6 and 7 and the Multispectral Scanner (MSS) on Landsat 1-3 are analyzed to comparatively assess their utility for land use analysis through remote sensing. The examination of simulated in-band radiances suggests that each sensor would respond to incident radiation reflected from a typical agricultural scene in a highly comparable manner, with most of the variation captured in two physically related variables. Several measures of green vegetation are examined and features are proposed for crop condition assessment with consideration of the course resolution characteristics of AVHRR and CZCS.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    The evaluation of a semi-automated procedure for classifying corn and soybeans without ground data (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Since the launch of Landsat 1 in 1973, research has been conducted with the objective to develop technology which would make it possible to achieve large area crop estimates on the basis of Landsat Multispectral Sensor (MSS) data without the benefit of ground observed training data. The present investigation is concerned with the evaluation of a technology which was developed to produce estimates of corn and soybean acreage in the central U.S. Corn Belt (Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana). A description of the employed technique is provided and details regarding the test of the developed technology are discussed. The obtained results show that considerable progress has been made toward creating an automatic, self-adapting procedure which has favorable bias and variance characteristics.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 10
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    Effects of preprocessing Landsat MSS data on derived features (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Important to the use of multitemporal Landsat MSS data for earth resources monitoring, such as agricultural inventories, is the ability to minimize the effects of varying atmospheric and satellite viewing conditions, while extracting physically meaningful features from the data. In general, the approaches to the preprocessing problem have been derived from either physical or statistical models. This paper compares three proposed algorithms; XSTAR haze correction, Color Normalization, and Multiple Acquisition Mean Level Adjustment. These techniques represent physical, statistical, and hybrid physical-statistical models, respectively. The comparisons are made in the context of three feature extraction techniques; the Tasseled Cap, the Cate Color Cube. and Normalized Difference.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Format: text
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