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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    The Routledge handbook of the polar regions (2018)
    London : Routledge
    Details Availability
    Call number: IASS 19.91963
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction : locating the polar regions / Mark Nuttall, Torben R. Christensen and Martin J. Siegert -- Exploring and mapping the Arctic : histories of discovery and knowledge / John McCannon -- Exploring and mapping the Antarctic : histories of discovery and knowledge / Ursula Rack -- The Arctic in literature and the popular imagination / Heidi Hansson -- The Antarctic in literature and the popular imagination / Elizabeth Leane -- Self-determination and indigenous governance in the Arctic / Mark Nuttall -- Indigenous cartographies of Arctic spaces and places / Kaitlin Young -- Circumpolar health and well-being / Helle Møller -- Education in the Arctic : trends, challenges and possibilities / Andrew Hodgkins -- Historical sites and heritage in the polar regions / Dag Avango -- Biodiversity in the polar regions in a warming world / Hans Meltofte -- The geological histories of polar environments / Tom Jordan -- Polar oceans and their global significance / Rory Bingham -- Polar sea ice as a barometer and driver of change / Jeremy Wilkinson and Julienne Stroeve -- The current health of polar ice sheets and implications for sea level / Mal McMillan -- Polar climatology and evidence for global warming / Gareth Marshall -- Post last glacial maximum processes in the polar regions / Pippa Whitehouse -- Biogeochemical cycling in glacial environments / Elizabeth A. Bagshaw -- Permafrost dynamics / Margareta Johansson -- Polar feedbacks in a changing climate / Richard Hodgkins -- The Antarctic Treaty, territorial claims and a continent for science / Klaus Dodds -- The polar regions and the law of the sea / Donald R. Rothwell -- The Arctic Council : governance and international relations / Timo Koivurova -- National Antarctic programmes : the politics-science interface / Anita Dey Nuttall -- Sustainable development and sustainability in Arctic political discourses / Birger Poppel -- Indigeneity, sovereignty and Arctic indigenous internationalism / Jessica Shadian -- Geopolitics and security in the Arctic / Andreas Østhagen -- Polar tourism : status, trends, futures / Emma J. Stewart and Daniela Liggett -- Consulting Arctic energy : from political hearings to roundtable events / Arthur Mason -- Social and environmental impact assessments in the Arctic / Anne Merrild Hansen, Sanne Vamme Larsen and Bram Noble -- Northern fisheries / Alf Håkon Hoel -- The future of Antarctica : minerals, bioprospecting and fisheries / Sanjay Chaturvedi -- Conservation and environmental governance in the polar regions / Mark Nuttall -- Polar technology and scientific discovery : exploring the great ice sheets through geophysics / Martin J. Siegert -- Looking into the past : ice and sediment cores / Robert McKay -- Subglacial access and investigation / Keith Makinson -- Upper atmosphere physics and chemistry / Sheila Kirkwood -- Ocean-land interactions and the Arctic carbon cycle / Frans-Jan Parmentier -- Back to the future : detecting past Arctic change and investing in future observations / Terry V. Callaghan, Margareta Johansson and Nadya Matveyeva
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxiii, 530 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9781138843998 , 9781315730639
    Series Statement: Routledge international handbooks
    Language: English
    Branch Library: IASS Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential and actual trace gas fluxes in Arctic terrestrial ecosystems (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper provides an overview of results obtained through a number of studies of actual and potential trace gas exchanges in Eurasian and Greenlandic tundra ecosystems. The chief findings include:i) Long-term accumulation rates of carbon in organic tundra soils, i.e. net uptake of atmospheric CO2, are strongly controlled by simple climatic parameters (mean July temperature, annual precipitation). Warmer and wetter conditions stimulate carbon sequestration rates in Arctic terrestrial ecosystems.ii) The release of carbon through ecosystem respiration is also heavily influenced by climate. However, the release of dead organic soil carbon as CO2 is constraind by the lability of the stored organic compounds. This lability decreases significantly with depth (i.e. age) of the soils; moreover, this in turn decreases the temperature sensitivity of the decomposition process.iii) Methane emissions from typical tundra habitats in northern Eurasia are slightly lower than from seemingly similar habitats in North America although this difference probably can be attributed to the colder climatic setting of the studied sites compared with the general climatic conditions at the North American sites. There is a strong linkage between CO2 exchange, CH4 formation and emission rates in some wet tundra ecosystems.iv) Atmospheric uptake of CH4 occurs in some dry and mesic tundra habitats and there are indications that these uptake rates could be affected negatively by atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Emissions of N2O are rarely seen fromArctic soils but there appear to be a strong potential for denitrification and, hence, N2O release. This might be due to high rates of denitrification during the spring thaw and possibly associated significant releases of N2O in this period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00294.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of vascular plant photosynthetic rate on CH4 emission from peat monoliths from southern boreal Sweden (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Peat monoliths taken from a boreal peatland system were incubated at two different light intensities to investigate the effect of the photosynthetic rate of vascular plants (Eriophorum angustifolium) on net CH4 emission. The experimental set-up consisted of six replicate monoliths as controls and six where the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was reduced by 60%. NEP and total system respiration decreased significantly in response to reduced PAR. No significant changes in CH4 emission were found, but two different trends were noted. Methane emissions from the shaded monoliths initially seemed to be higher than emissions from the controls. After approximately four weeks the trend was reversed. The pattern may have been caused by “leakage” of organic compounds from inactivated roots that fueled CH4 production. It is suggested that a new balanced exchange of potential substrate carbon between the plants and the surrounding peat was established. Comparably less easily degradable carbon compounds would then become available for CH4 production. The fact that there appeared to be an effect of decreased carbon flow on CH4 emission is further supported by a tendency for lower concentrations of organic acids in porewater in the shaded monoliths at the end of the experiment. These results indicate a possible lagtime on the order of weeks before changes in photosynthesis rates and NEP have an effect onCH4 emission rates. Nevertheless it confirms the linkage between CO2 and CH4 cycling in wetland ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00296.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of vascular plants on carbon turnover and methane emissions from a tundra wetland (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: This paper investigates how vascular plants affect carbon flow and the formation and emission of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) in an arctic wet tundra ecosystem in NE Greenland. We present a field experiment where we studied, in particular, how species-specific root exudation patterns affect the availability of acetate, a hypothesized precursor of CH4 formation. We found significantly higher acetate formation rates in the root vicinity of Eriophorum scheuchzeri compared with another dominating sedge in the wetland, i.e. Dupontia psilosantha. Furthermore a shading treatment, which reduced net photosynthesis, resulted in significantly decreased formation rates of acetate. We also found that the potential CH4 production of the peat profile was highly positively correlated to the concentration of acetate at the respective depths, whereas it was negatively correlated to the concentration of total dissolved organic carbon. This suggests that acetate is a substrate of importance to the methanogens in the studied ecosystem and that acetate concentration in this case can serve as a predictor of substrate quality. To further investigate the importance of acetate as a predecessor to CH4, we brought an intact peat-plant monolith system collected at the field site in NE Greenland to the laboratory, sealed it hermetically and studied the decomposition of 14C-labelled acetate injected at the depth of methanogenic activity. After 4 h, 14CH4 emission from the monolith could be observed. In conclusion, allocation of recently fixed carbon to the roots of certain species of vascular plants affects substrate quality and influence CH4 formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00655.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vegetation, climatic changes and net carbon sequestration in a North-Scandinavian subarctic mire over 30 years (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: This study deals with changes in the plant cover and its net carbon sequestration over 30 years on a subarctic Sphagnum-mire with permafrost near Abisko, northernmost Sweden, in relation to climatic variations during the same period. Aerial colour infrared images from 1970 and 2000 were compared to reveal changes in surface structure and vegetation over the whole mire, while the plant populations were studied within a smaller, mainly ombrotrophic part. The results demonstrated two processes, namely (1) that wet sites dominated by graminoids expanded while hummock sites dominated by dwarf shrubs receded, and (2) that on the hummocks lichens expanded while evergreen dwarf shrubs and mosses decreased, both processes creating an instability in the surface structure. A successive degradation of the permafrost is the likely reason for the increase in wet areas, while the changes in the hummock vegetation might have resulted from higher spring temperatures giving rise to an intensified snow melt, exposing the vegetation to frost drought. Because of the vegetation changes, the annual litter input of carbon to the mire has increased slightly, by 4 g m−2 a−1 (7.3%), over these years while an increased erosion has resulted in a loss of 40–80 Mg carbon or 7–17 g m−2 a−1 for the entire mire over the same period. As the recalcitrant proportion of the litter has decreased, the decay rate in the acrotelm might be expected to increase in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01042.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane emissions from wetlands and their relationship with vascular plants: an Arctic example (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 7 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: This paper investigates the relationship between vascular plant production and CH4 emissions from an arctic wet tundra ecosystem in north-east Greenland. Light intensity was manipulated by shading during three consecutive growing seasons (1998–2000). The shading treatment resulted in lower carbon cycling in the ecosystem as mean seasonal net ecosystem exchange (NEE) decreased from −336 to −196 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 and from −476 to −212 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 in 1999 and 2000, respectively, and total ecosystem respiration decreased from 125 to 94 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 in 1999 and from 409 to 306 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 in 2000. Seasonal mean CH4 emissions in controls and shaded plots were, respectively, 6.5 and 4.5 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 in 1999 and 8.3 and 6.2 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 in 2000. We found that CH4 emission was sensitive to NEE and carbon turnover, and it is reasonable to assume that the correlation was due to a combined effect of vegetative CH4 transport and substrate quality coupled to vascular plant production. Total above-ground biomass was correlated to mean seasonal CH4 emission, but separation into species showed that plant-mediated CH4 transport was highly species dependent. Potential CH4 production peaked at the same depth as maximum root density (5–15 cm) and treatment differences further suggest that substrate quality was negatively affected by decreased NEE in the shaded plots. The concentration of dissolved CH4 decreased in the control plots as the growing season progressed while it was relatively stable in the shaded plots. This suggests that a progressively better developed root system in the controls increased the capacity to transport CH4 from the soil to the atmosphere. In conclusion, vascular plant photosynthetic rate and subsequent allocation of recently fixed carbon to below-ground structures seemed to influence both vegetative CH4 transport and substrate quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00044.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane emission from Arctic tundra (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 21 (1993), S. 117-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: Arctic tundra ; climatic change ; methane budget ; methane emission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Concerns about a possible feedback effect on global warming following possible increased emissions of methane from tundra environments have lead to series of methane flux studies of northern wetland/tundra environments. Most of these studies have been carried out in boreal sub-Arctic regions using different techniques and means of assessing representativeness of the tundra. Here are reported a time series of CH4 flux measurements from a true Arctic tundra site. A total of 528 independent observations were made at 22 fixed sites during the summers of 1991 and 1992. The data are fully comparable to the most extensive dataset yet produced on methane emissions from sub-Arctic tundra-like environments. Based on the data presented, from a thaw-season with approximately 55% of normal precipitation, a global tundra CH4 source of 18–30 Tg CH4 yr−1 is estimated. This is within the range of 42±26 Tg CH4 yr−1 found in a similar sub-Arctic tundra environment. No single-parameter relationship between one environmental factor and CH4 flux covering all sites was found. This is also in line with conclusions drawn in the sub-Arctic. However, inter-season variations in CH4 flux at dry sites were largely controlled by the position of the water table, while flux from wetter sites seemed mainly to be controlled by soil temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000874
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ligand Effects on the Diastereoselectivities of Samarium Diiodide Promoted Pinacol Coupling (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Pinacol coupling ; Aldehydes ; Samarium diiodide ; 1,2-Diols ; Diastereoselectivity ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -The samarium diiodide pinacol coupling of benzaldehyde and cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde in the presence of a variety of polyethylene glycols, including derivatives containing carbohydrates has been studied. Whereas such complexing agents allow for the formation of 1,2-diols, in the case of benzaldehyde the erythro-isomer predominates with diastereoselectivities of up to 7:1, while with cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde a stereoselectivity of up to 10:1 was observed but in favor of the threo-isomer. This divergence in the stereoselectivity of these two aldehydes suggests the presence of two different mechanisms occurring in these pinacol coupling reactions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
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    The uncertain climate footprint of wetlands under human pressure (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-23
    Description: Significant climate risks are associated with a positive carbon–temperature feedback in northern latitude carbon-rich ecosystems, making an accurate analysis of human impacts on the net greenhouse gas balance of wetlands a priority. Here, we provide a coherent assessment of the climate footprint of a network of wetland sites based on simultaneous and quasi-continuous ecosystem observations of CO2 and CH4 fluxes. Experimental areas are located both in natural and in managed wetlands and cover a wide range of climatic regions, ecosystem types, and management practices. Based on direct observations we predict that sustained CH4 emissions in natural ecosystems are in the long term (i.e., several centuries) typically offset by CO2 uptake, although with large spatiotemporal variability. Using a space-for-time analogy across ecological and climatic gradients, we represent the chronosequence from natural to managed conditions to quantify the “cost” of CH4 emissions for the benefit of net carbon sequestration. With a sustained pulse–response radiative forcing model, we found a significant increase in atmospheric forcing due to land management, in particular for wetland converted to cropland. Our results quantify the role of human activities on the climate footprint of northern wetlands and call for development of active mitigation strategies for managed wetlands and new guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) accounting for both sustained CH4 emissions and cumulative CO2 exchange.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Greenhouse gas emissions from a constructed wetland in southern Sweden (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-20
    Print ISSN: 0923-4861
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9834
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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