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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-04-09
    Description: Magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) provides a quantitative measure of the macromolecular structural integrity of brain tissue, as represented by magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). In this study, we utilized MTI to identify biophysical alterations in MDD patients with a history of suicide attempts relative to MDD patients without such history. The participants were 36 medication-free MDD patients, with (N = 17) and without (N = 19) a history of a suicide attempt, and 28 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Whole brain voxel-based analysis was used to compare MTR across three groups and to analyze correlations with symptom severity and illness duration. We identified decreased MTR in left inferior parietal lobule and right superior parietal lobule in suicide attempters relative to both non-attempters and controls. Non-attempters also showed significantly reduced MTR in left inferior parietal lobule relative to controls, as well as an MTR reduction in left cerebellum. These abnormalities were not correlated with symptom severity or illness duration. Depressed patients with a history of suicide attempt showed bilateral abnormalities in parietal cortex compared to nonsuicidal depressed patients and healthy controls. Parietal lobe abnormalities might cause attentional dysfunction and impaired decision making to increase risk for suicidal behavior in MDD. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep09670
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-03-28
    Description: Nuclease-resistant synthetic drug-DNA adducts: programmable drug-DNA conjugation for targeted anticancer drug delivery NPG Asia Materials 7, e169 (March 2015). doi:10.1038/am.2015.19 Authors: Guizhi Zhu, Sena Cansiz, Mingxu You, Liping Qiu, Da Han, Liqin Zhang, Lei Mei, Ting Fu, Zhuo Chen & Weihong Tan
    Print ISSN: 1884-4049
    Electronic ISSN: 1884-4057
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: Observations indicate that although average temperatures in Central Asia showed almost no increases from 1997 to 2013, they have been in a state of high variability. Despite the lack of a clear increasing trend, this 15-year period is still the hottest in nearly half a century. Precipitation in Central Asia remained relatively stable from 1960 to 1986, and then showed a sharp increase in 1987. Since the beginning of the 21st century, however, the increasing rate of precipitation has diminished. Dramatic changes in meteorological conditions could potentially have a strong impact on the region's natural ecosystems, as some significant changes have already occurred. Specifically, the NDVI of natural vegetation in Central Asia during 1982–2013 exhibited an increasing trend at a rate of 0.004 per decade prior to 1998, after which the trends reversed, and the NDVI decreased at a rate of 0.003 per decade. Moreover, our results indicate that shrub cover and patch size exhibited a significant increase in 2000–2013 compared to the 1980s-1990s, including shrub encroachment on grasslands. Over the past ten years, 8% of grassland has converted to shrubland. Precipitation increased in the 1990s, providing favorable conditions for vegetation growth, but precipitation slightly reduced at the end of the 2000s. Meanwhile, warming intensified 0.93 °C since 1997 compared to the average value in 1960–1997, causing less moisture to be available for vegetation growth in Central Asia.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-09-05
    Description: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/ja304782r
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-09-03
    Description: Using nanomaterials to develop multimodal systems has generated cutting-edge biomedical functions. Herein, we develop a simple chemical-vapor-deposition method to fabricate graphene-isolated-Au-nanocrystal (GIAN) nanostructures. A thin layer of graphene is precisely deposited on the surfaces of gold nanocrystals to enable unique capabilities. First, as surface-enhanced-Raman-scattering substrates, GIANs quench background fluorescence and reduce photocarbonization or photobleaching of analytes. Second, GIANs can be used for multimodal cell imaging by both Raman scattering and near-infrared (NIR) two-photon luminescence. Third, GIANs provide a platform for loading anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) for therapy. Finally, their NIR absorption properties give GIANs photothermal therapeutic capability in combination with chemotherapy. Controlled release of DOX molecules from GIANs is achieved through NIR heating, significantly reducing the possibility of side effects in chemotherapy. The GIANs have high surface areas and stable thin shells, as well as unique optical and photothermal properties, making them promising nanostructures for biomedical applications. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep06093
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-10-29
    Description: Water resources are the most critical factors to ecology and society in arid basins, such as Kaidu River Basin. Isotope technique was convenient to trace this process and reveal the influence from the environment. In this paper, we try to investigate the temporal and spatial characteristics in stable isotope ( 18 O and 2  H) of surface water and groundwater in Kaidu River. Through the water stable isotope composition measurement, spatial and temporal characteristics of deuterium (δ 2 H) and oxygen 18 (δ 18 O) were analyzed. It is revealed that: 1) Comparing the stream water line (SWL) to the groundwater line (GWL) and local meteorological water line (LMWL) of Urumqi city, it is found that the contribution of precipitation to surface water in stream runoff is the main source, while the surface water is the main source of groundwater. Groundwater is mainly drainage of surface runoff in the river; 2)in the main stream of Kaidu River, the spatial variability of river water showed a “heavier-lighter-heavier” change along with the main stream for δ 18 O, and temporal variability showed higher in summer and lower in winter; 3) the δ 18 O and δ 2 H values of groundwater samples ranged from -11.36 to -7.97 ‰ and -73.45 to -60.05‰ respectively. There is an increasing trend of isotopic values along the groundwater flow path. The seasonal fluctuation of δ 18 O is not clear in most samples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-04-12
    Description: Aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials for specific cancer cell recognition and targeted cancer therapy NPG Asia Materials 6, e95 (April 2014). doi:10.1038/am.2014.12 Authors: Qiaoling Liu, Chen Jin, Yanyue Wang, Xiaohong Fang, Xiaobing Zhang, Zhuo Chen & Weihong Tan
    Keywords: aptamercancer therapycell recognitionnanomaterials
    Print ISSN: 1884-4049
    Electronic ISSN: 1884-4057
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-04-18
    Description: ABSTRACT Using long-term daily streamflow records from the headwaters of the Tarim River Basin in northwestern China, the mean seasonal streamflow and extremes (1-day maximum and minimum flows) are analysed. The aim is to assess possible changes in trends, return periods and teleconnections to selected climate indices such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the multivariate El Nino–Southern Oscillation index (MEI), the Tibetan Plateau High (XZH), the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex area (VPA), the Asian zonal index (AZI) and the Siberian High intensity index (SHI). The Mann–Kendall test is used to investigate instances where significant positive trends are observed in all hydrological indices, especially in winter. From 1990 onwards, a significant wavelet power spectrum of annual and seasonal flow was observed at 1–5 year periods in the Aksu River. Correlation analysis and wavelet coherence analysis were employed between selected climate indices with respect to seasonal streamflow means and extremes. Maximum changes in correlation strengths were observed in hydrological indices with VPA. The winter AO and NAO also showed significant influence on streamflow means and extremes. In addition, step change analysis was carried out using the Cumulative Sum Control Chart (CUSUM) test, the results suggesting that step change points were observed towards the end of the 1980s and in the early 1990s. The teleconnection between climate indices and streamflow and extremes can be utilized in a model to predict the probability of hydrological indices in the Tarim River.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-11-12
    Description: ABSTRACT Based on a temperature anomaly time series from 16 international exchange stations in Xinjiang from 1957 to 2012, the multi-scale characteristics of temperature variability were analysed using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method. Regional differences in variation trends and change-points were also preliminarily discussed. The results indicated that in the past 50+ years, the overall temperature in Xinjiang has exhibited a significant nonlinear upward trend, and its changes have clearly exhibited an inter-annual scale (quasi-3 and quasi-6-year) and inter-decadal scale (quasi-10 and quasi-30-year). The variance contribution rates of each component demonstrated that the inter-annual change had a strong influence on the overall temperature change in Xinjiang, and the reconstructed inter-annual variation trend could describe the fluctuation state of the original temperature anomaly during the study period. The reconstructed inter-decadal variability revealed that the climate mode in Xinjiang had a significant transformation before and after 1995, namely the temperature anomaly shift from a negative phase to a positive one. Furthermore, there were regional differences in the nonlinear changes and change-points of temperature. At the same time, the results also suggested that the EEMD method can effectively reveal variations in long-term temperature sequences at different time scales and can be used for the complex diagnosis of nonlinear and non-stationary signal changes.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Object detection has attracted increasing attention in the field of remote sensing image analysis. Complex backgrounds, vertical views, and variations in target kind and size in remote sensing images make object detection a challenging task. In this work, considering that the types of objects are often closely related to the scene in which they are located, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) by combining scene-contextual information for object detection. Specifically, we put forward the scene-contextual feature pyramid network (SCFPN), which aims to strengthen the relationship between the target and the scene and solve problems resulting from variations in target size. Additionally, to improve the capability of feature extraction, the network is constructed by repeating a building aggregated residual block. This block increases the receptive field, which can extract richer information for targets and achieve excellent performance with respect to small object detection. Moreover, to improve the proposed model performance, we use group normalization, which divides the channels into groups and computes the mean and variance for normalization within each group, to solve the limitation of the batch normalization. The proposed method is validated on a public and challenging dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art object detection models.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI
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