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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Capabilities Perspective on the Evolution of Firm Boundaries: A Comparative Case Example from the Portuguese Moulds Industry* (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 41 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   The issue of vertical firm boundaries continues to attract interest both for economics and management research. The transaction cost economics approach, emphasizing transaction-specific assets and opportunism in order to explain discrete ‘make-or-buy’ decisions, dominates the literature. Nevertheless, alternative perspectives, developed under the guise of the capabilities, competence or knowledge-based theories of the firm, have gained attention recently. They focus on the evolutionary dynamics of boundaries in the context of the division of labour among firms in an industry and on what is to be divided and co-ordinated – i.e. productive knowledge. The conceptual links between this line of research, which some refer to as neo-Marshallian, and the Industrial Networks approach are explored in this paper. The paper emphasizes both a vision of firms as sets of direct and indirect capabilities, developed and combined in different ways over time, and the connectedness between inter-firm relationships. The discussion is illustrated with the cases of two firms, which are contrasted in terms of the dynamic evolution of their boundaries. The analysis made supports the argument that firms’ vertical boundaries reflect their relationships with specific counterparts and the way they address through time the division and integration of knowledge through the configuration of direct and indirect, counterpart specific, capabilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00433.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross boundary relationships in Portuguese banking and corporate financial services (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of bank marketing 18 (2000), S. 338-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-2323
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Conceptual analyses of buyer-seller interaction in services are rare, particularly with reference to banking and financial services in general. This paper tries to apply the industrial network paradigm to relationships between firms and commercial banks in Portugal. It is argued that relationship banking is complex and embedded in an aggregate structure: banking networks. Three Portuguese case studies of corporate banking relationships are discussed. The paper examines the linkages between banks and factoring firms connected to the corporate banking relationships. It is argued that these linkages are forms of multi-organizational partnering, in notion very similar to "internal" networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652320010359552
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    "Stress" in business relationships: a study on corporate bank services (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of bank marketing 23 (2005), S. 527-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-2323
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - The paper aims to discuss the interaction processes and short-term behaviours and motives in long-term relationships between banks and their corporate clients. Design/methodology/approach - The discussion is based on findings from four Portuguese case studies. Interviews made to major actors on both sides of each relationship were transcribed and analysed to investigate the buyer-seller interaction process, and the interplay between the actors involved. Findings - The paper contributes to knowledge concerning the nature of business banking relationships, provides insights about instability and stress therein, and suggests some factors that can generate or intensify that instability. Short-term irregularities and stress are found to arise in the context of relationships' longer-term continuity and stability. Research limitations/implications - The irregularities found were endogenous to the relationships and originated from one of the actors or from the transaction. No exogenous factors were analysed and further research should be done about them. Some instability was found associated with clients keeping a portfolio of banking relationships, but the management of such portfolios is largely unstudied, begging for more work. It is also suggested that the present study be replicated in other countries and contexts for comparative analyses. Practical implications - The paper provides a framework for corporate managers and bankers alike to better understand the process of banking relationships. It highlights some factors that should be monitored as they impact on buying behaviour and on the interplay between banks and firms. Originality/value - The paper highlights some "stress" factors that can impact on buying behaviour and on the interplay between banks and firms, providing a new insight about the instability of business relationships in the banking business, and suggests some factors that can generate or intensify that instability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652320510629890
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyisoprenes: A theory of the formation of terpenes and related compounds (1947)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 2 (1947), S. 246-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A mechanism is presented which shows how terpenes and related compounds, some of which are found associated with trans - polyisoprene in nature, may be expected to be formed by a radical chain oxidative degradation of trans - polyisoprene.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1947.120020211
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  • 5
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    Expression of an active Gαs mutant in skeletal stem cells is sufficient and necessary for fibrous dysplasia initiation and maintenance (2017)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-27
    Description: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a disease caused by postzygotic activating mutations of GNAS (R201C and R201H) that encode the α-subunit of the Gs stimulatory protein. FD is characterized by the development of areas of abnormal fibroosseous tissue in the bones, resulting in skeletal deformities, fractures, and pain. Despite the well-defined genetic alterations underlying FD, whether GNAS activation is sufficient for FD initiation and the molecular and cellular consequences of GNAS mutations remains largely unresolved, and there are no currently available targeted therapeutic options for FD. Here, we have developed a conditional tetracycline (Tet)-inducible animal model expressing the GαsR201C in the skeletal stem cell (SSC) lineage (Tet–GαsR201C/Prrx1-Cre/LSL-rtTA-IRES-GFP mice), which develops typical FD bone lesions in both embryos and adult mice in less than 2 weeks following doxycycline (Dox) administration. Conditional GαsR201C expression promoted PKA activation and proliferation of SSCs along the osteogenic lineage but halted their differentiation to mature osteoblasts. Rather, as is seen clinically, areas of woven bone admixed with fibrous tissue were formed. GαsR201C caused the concomitant expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (Rankl) that led to marked osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. GαsR201C expression ablation by Dox withdrawal resulted in FD-like lesion regression, supporting the rationale for Gαs-targeted drugs to attempt FD cure. This model, which develops FD-like lesions that can form rapidly and revert on cessation of mutant Gαs expression, provides an opportunity to identify the molecular mechanism underlying FD initiation and progression and accelerate the development of new treatment options.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Interconversion and selective reactivity of sulfur dioxide reduction intermediates inserted on graphene oxide (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-22
    Description: Graphene oxide, MPGO, was obtained by oxidation of graphite microparticles by a H 2 SO 4 /KMnO 4 /H 2 O 2 mixture followed by thermal exfoliation. Non-thermal plasma treatment of MPGO under SO 2 atmosphere resulted in the insertion of the oxidized intermediates only. Refluxing this material in CS 2 (46 °C) showed sulfur elimination and interconversion of the oxidized into non-oxidized intermediates with an energetic barrier of ΔG ‡  = 25.81 kcal mol −1 without decarboxylation . The episulfide content in modified MPGO increases with respect to the oxidized intermediates when increasing temperature. Modification of MPGO with SO 2 at 630 °C presented exclusively the non-oxidized intermediate . These results support the hypothesis that there are two major reactions with different energetic demand in the SO 2 reduction on carbons: desulfurization and decarboxylation . The selectivity of thiolysis and aminolysis towards the intermediates inserted in the MPGO matrix allowed the amino-thiolysis of a sample containing both intermediates with the insertion of the amino group on the episulfide site followed by an intramolecular thiolysis with double functionalization of the matrix. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Refluxing in CS 2 graphene oxide containing only oxidized intermediates showed sulfur elimination and interconversion of the oxidized into non-oxidized episulfide intermediate without decarboxylation. The episulfide content in modified graphene oxide increases with respect to the oxidized intermediates with increasing temperature. There are two major reactions with different energetic demand in the sulfur dioxide reduction on carbons: desulfurization and decarboxylation. The selectivity of thiolysis and aminolysis towards the intermediates allowed the amino-thiolysis of a sample with the insertion of the amino group on the episulfide site followed by an intramolecular thiolysis, with double functionalization of the matrix.
    Print ISSN: 0894-3230
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1395
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Energies, Vol. 12, Pages 912: Experimental Analysis of Brewers’ Spent Grains Steam Gasification in an Allothermal Batch Reactor (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: In this work, brewers’ spent grains (BSG) were evaluated and studied in order to obtain a combustible gas by means of allothermal steam gasification. BSG were preprocessed in a rotary dryer and a pelletizer prior to gasification in an indirectly heated batch reactor. BSG characterization was conducted by means of proximate, ultimate, and thermogravimetric analysis, allowing us to conclude that BSG have characteristics comparable to those of regular lignocellulosic biomasses. Gasification tests were performed in an allothermal bench-scale batch reactor in order to determine the effect of temperature and steam-to-biomass ratio (S/B) in the produced gas. The produced gas was mainly composed of 22.8–30.2% H2, 15.1–22.3% CO, and 7.2–11.1% CH4, contributing to a heating value of 8.11–9.0 MJ/Nm3 with the higher values found for a low S/B ratio and for high temperatures. The performance of the process was assessed by evaluating the cold gas and carbon conversion efficiencies. These indicators were found to be in the ranges 47.0%–52.1% and 57.0%–62.7%, respectively. The main conclusion of this work is that the produced gas obtained from BSG steam gasification has sufficient quality to open other options to beer producers to use their own brewing wastes to satisfy their energy needs, allowing them to progress toward the circular economy concept.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 8
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    4,4′-Bipyridyl-Catalyzed Reduction of Nitroarenes by Bis(neopentylglycolato)diboron (2019)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-30
    Print ISSN: 1523-7060
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-7052
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 9
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    Cytotoxic effects of extract of Acmella oleraceae (Jambú) in Rhipicephalus microplus females ticks (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: ABSTRACT The present study analyzed the effects of different concentrations of the hexane extract of A. oleraceae (HEAO) (Jambú) on the germ cells of semi-engorged Rhipicephalus microplus female ticks, through a morpho-histological study, evaluating the effectiveness of the extract in the genesis of the individuals. To perform this analysis, 100 semi-engorged females were divided into five groups with 20 individuals each: groups I and II, respectively constituted by distilled water control and 50% ethanol + 1% DMSO, and groups III, IV, and V constituted by treatment with HEAO in the concentrations of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/mL, respectively. All the ticks were immersed in the different concentrations of the extract or in distilled water for 5 minutes, dried and conditioned in BOD incubator for 7 days. The individuals of the treatment groups revealed the action of this extract showing alterations in the germ cells of the females from the different groups when compared with those from the groups I and II (control groups). These alterations were mainly related to the size and shape of the oocytes; number of yolk granules; presence, number, size and location of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of all the germ cells; and the presence of nuclear alterations in these cells as well. Thus, it was demonstrated that the concentrations of HEAO affected the germ cells of R. microplus ticks. The effects of the extract are similar to those caused by renowned and efficient chemical products used to control these ticks. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2016 . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 1059-910X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0029
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Two New 3,4-Seco-ent-kaurenes and Other Constituents from the Costa Rican Endemic Species Croton megistocarpus (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-18
    Description: Following our phytochemical studies of Costa Rican plants, we report the isolation of two new 3,4-seco- ent -kaurenes from the aerial parts of Croton megistocarpus (Euphorbiaceae). The structures of the two compounds were elucidated as 14-[(2-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-3,4-seco- ent- kaura-4(19),16-dien-3-oic acid ( 1 ) and 14-{[(2 Z )-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy}-3,4-seco- ent- kaura-4(19),16-dien-3-oic acid ( 2 ). In addition, seven known diterpene clerodanes were also isolated and identified. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including HR-MS, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY experiments.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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