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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assimilation, inter-organ transfer and excretion of americium in two teleost fish (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 77 (1983), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Radiotracer experiments were performed (February–April, 1982) to study the assimilation and metabolism of the transuranium nuclide americium-241 in the marine teleosts Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) and Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810, caught off the Monaco coast. Fish fed with 241Am-labelled food showed that assimilation of this radionuclide takes place through the gastrointestinal walls and that the small fraction accumulated is incorporated mainly in the skin, muscle and skeleton. Gut-transfer coefficients were similar in both species and averaged 0.7% (range 0.1 to 1.7%) of the ingested activity. The calculated biological half-lives for loss of the absorbed fraction ranged between 49 and 61 d for Serranus scriba and 12 and 117 d for Scorpaena notata. Results from an intramuscular injection experiment indicated that 241Am was retained mainly in the liver, skin and skeleton; the fraction accumulated by muscle was very low. Liver displayed a relatively short biological half-time for 241Am loss of roughly 24 d. Routes of 241Am excretion from the teleosts appear to be through the kidneys, gills and feces with bile serving as a possible excretion route from the liver. From the limited amount of published information available for comparison, experimental evidence is presented which suggests that 241Am taken up via the food chain is more biologically available to marine fish than is plutonium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biokinetics of plutonium, americium and californium in the marine isopod Cirolana borealis, with observations on its feeding and molting behavior (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 89 (1985), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a series of laboratory experiments carried out during 1982, the biokinetics of 237Pu (IV), 237Pu (V), 241Am (III), and 252Cf (III) were studied in the benthic marine isopod Cirolana borealis Lilljeb. Following a 3 wk exposure to labelled seawater, isopods reached non-equilibrium concentration factors of 52±15, 54±12, 176±14, and 185±53 for Pu (IV), Pu (V), Am and Cf, respectively. Uptake of these radionuclides occurred to a great extent by surface adsorption, with the major fraction of the accumulated radionuclides being associated with exoskeleton and lesser percentages located in gut, digestive gland, muscle and haemolymph. The pattern of radiotracer depuration was in all cases biphasic, with the long-lived retention compartment retaining the largest fraction of whole-body radioactivity. Biological half-lives for radionuclide turnover in the long-lived compartment were 60±3 d, 87±5 d, 261±12 d and 288±60 d for Pu (IV), Pu (V), Am and Cf, respectively. Examination of radionuclide distribution among tissues following longterm depuration showed that the radionuclides were eliminated from internal tissues more rapidly than from the exoskeleton. Uptake and depuration studies indicated that the biokinetics of americium and californium were similar to each other, but that they differed significantly from those of oxidized and reduced plutonium. In general, these experimental results support previous reports that americium and californium are more bioavailable than plutonium in the marine waters. The fraction americium and californium assimilated into tissue from food was very low and did not exceed 5%. Unassimilated labelled food was often retained in the gut for more than 2 mo and released only infrequently in a loosely bound condition. In the event of contamination, this particular feeding-digestion strategy in highly mobile, scavenging isopods could act as a potential biological mechanism for the widespread dispersion of radioactive wastes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392888
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of trace and major elements and methylmercury concentrations in a macroalgae (Fucus sp.) reference material, IAEA-140 (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 366 (2000), S. 792-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A marine reference material, IAEA-140, prepared with a macroalgae (Fucus sp.) was recently produced by the International Atomic Energy Agency and certified for trace and major elements and for methylmercury (MeHg). Certification of this material was achieved as an outcome of an international analytical intercomparison study which resulted in 116 independent sets of results reported by participants from 54 countries. The statistical evaluation of the collected data and the criteria used for assignment of the mean and uncertainty values are described. The analysis of data allowed to certify concentration values for 24 elements and MeHg, and to provide information values for another 10 elements. Regarding the elements which could be given certified values, between two and eight different instrumental methods were used to measure metal concentrations, and four independent analytical procedures were used to measure MeHg concentrations. In order to assess the results of the certification procedure, a comparison was made between the certified values obtained from the world-wide intercomparison results and the values obtained from a small subgroup of well-qualified laboratories. The means and 95% confidence intervals for reference values obtained by the two methods are similar for most elements showing that the usual method of certification used by the IAEA, based on large groups of participants, is indeed pertinent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051573
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative measurement of partial pressures in halogen-quenched Geiger-Muller counters
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vacuum 39 (1989), S. 811-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-207X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0042-207X(89)90043-2
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rotating crystal time-of-flight spectrometer for scattering law measurements with slow neutrons - Theoretical analysis and design considerations
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 49 (1967), S. 197-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0029-554X(67)90686-6
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solving the problem of SANS instrument optimization (1991)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 24 (1991), S. 994-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The problem of the optimization of small-angle neutron scattering instruments installed at steady neutron sources is discussed. The optimum solution is shown to be that in which full use is made of either the available luminous area of the source or the available hall space and not necessarily that corresponding to the equal-flight-paths design. Design criteria and their implementation are discussed taking into account space constraints on the instrument's layout. It is shown that the performance of currently operating SANS facilities can be substantially improved by following the optimization procedure proposed by the authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889891006672
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bi4Ti3O12 Thin Films from Mixed Bismuth-Titanium Alkoxides (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 759-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: sol-gel ; bismuth titanate ; spin-coating ; thin films ; ferroelectric
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bi4Ti3O12 thin films were obtained by the sol-gel method. The precursor solution was prepared by allowing the two metallic alkoxides, Bi(OC2H4OCH3)3 and Ti(OC2H4OCH3)4, to react in 2-methoxy-ethanol to form the mixed alkoxide. This stable sol was deposited by spin-coating onto platinized silicon substrates. X-Ray diffraction patterns indicate that the perovskite initial crystallization temperature is 460°C for powder samples and it ranges between 400 and 500°C, for thin films, as a function of the number of coating layers. Dense, smooth and crack free thin films with grain sizes ranging from 20 nm to 500 nm are obtained, depending on the number of coating layers and on the post-deposition temperature annealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018321721596
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bi4Ti3O12 thin films from mixed bismuth-titanium alkoxides (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 759-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: sol-gel ; bismuth titanate ; spin-coating ; thin films ; ferroelectric
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bi4Ti3O12 thin films were obtained by the sol-gel method. The precursor solution was prepared by allowing the two metallic alkoxides, Bi(OC2H4OCH3)3 and Ti(OC2H4OCH3)4, to react in 2-methoxy-ethanol to form the mixed alkoxide. This stable sol was deposited by spin-coating onto platinized silicon substrates. X-Ray diffraction patterns indicate that the perovskite initial crystallization temperature is 460°C for powder samples and it ranges between 400 and 500°C, for thin films, as a function of the number of coating layers. Dense, smooth and crack free thin films with grain sizes ranging from 20 nm to 500 nm are obtained, depending on the number of coating layers and on the post-deposition temperature annealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02436935
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IAEA analytical quality assurance programmes to meet the present and future needs of developing countries (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract For many years the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been promoting analytical quality assurance and quality control in its Member States with emphasis on measurands that are amenable to analysis by nuclear and related techniques, i.e. radionuclides, trace elements, and stable isotopes. This paper reviews briefly the rationale for some of these activities, particularly in relation to the needs of participants in developing countries arising out of co-ordinated research programmes, technical co-operation projects and global and regional networks. Emphasis is given to biological and environmental reference materials with a matrix of natural origin. Also described are some activities arising out of the requirements of ISO-25 and other relevant international quality standards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050694
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    METIER (modular ecotoxicity tests incorporating ecological relevance). II. Ecotoxicity of poorly water-soluble compounds: Concentration versus dose (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 29 (1995), S. 431-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A significant binding of a toxicant to algal cells would reduce effective toxicant concentration, bringing changes in NOEC (non-observed effect concentration) values. Furthermore, if the algal cells are ingested, this may increase the significance of feeding as a route of contaminant uptake. Therefore, particularly when dealing with poorly water-soluble compounds, the amount of food ingested could become a relevant ecotoxicological parameter to be assessed. The OECD guideline for the “Daphnia, reproduction test” indicates that the concentration of test substances must remain within 20% of the nominal concentration. The aim of this work was to look for any change in a compound concentration due to the presence of algae (the food of Daphnia magna). During the 48-h interval between medium renewal in chronic tests with D. magna, there is a loss of the effective 3,4-dichloroaniline concentration which is greater with increasing algae densities and decreasing nominal concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208370
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