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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Materials Modification and Synthesis Under High Pressure Shock Compression (1986)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 16 (1986), S. 315-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.16.080186.001531
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission electron microscopy study of CdTe(111) grown on GaAs(100) by molecular-beam epitaxy (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4114-4117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used transmission electron microscopy to investigate CdTe(111) grown on GaAs(100) by molecular-beam epitaxy. The loop structure previously observed by photoluminescence microscopy has been identified as the boundary between twinned microcrystallites that extend from the CdTe/GaAs interface to the CdTe surface. When viewed along the growth axis, these boundaries between the columnar twins appear as loops and segments. Surface roughness of the GaAs substrate contributes to the initial growth of twinned material. This leads to competitive growth between the twins and the creation of the observed columnar twins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344971
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of fivefold symmetry by microtwinning in rapidly solidified Al-Mn alloys (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 1063-1067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The properties of small ensembles of cyclically twinned, rhombohedrally distorted face-centered-cubic crystals are examined and shown to be consistent with reported experimentally determined diffraction patterns and images of rapidly solidified Al-Mn alloys exhibiting icosahedral symmetry. Limitations of previously reported refutations of twinning models are discussed. Proposals are made for definitive tests between microtwinning and quasicrystalline models of these structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336542
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abrupt change in magma generation processes across the Central American arc in southeastern Guatemala: flux-dominated melting near the base of the wedge to decompression melting near the top of the wedge (1995)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 120 (1995), S. 378-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Lavas erupted behind the volcanic front in southeastern Guatemala have many important distinctions from lavas erupted on the volcanic front. These include: generally higher MgO, Nb, Sr, TiO2, and rare earth element concentrations; higher La/Yb and Nb/Y ratios; and lower Ba/La, La/Nb, Ba/Zr and Zr/Nb ratios. These major and trace element distinctions are caused by reduced fractionation during ascent and storage in the crust, lower degrees of melting in the source, and greatly reduced contributions from the subducted Cocos plate in the source. In addition, because all of these important distinctions are even borne in lavas erupted within 20 km of the front, there is little apparent petrogenetic continuity between front and behind-the-front magmas. What little geochemical continuity exists is in radiogenic isotopes: 143Nd/144Nd falls across the arc, Pb isotopic ratios (except 206Pb/204Pb) rise across the arc, and 87Sr/86Sr rise across the arc after an initial discontinuity within 20 km of the front. These continuous across-arc changes in radiogenic isotopes are caused by increased contamination with older, more isotopically disparate rocks, away from the front. Once the effects of crustal contamination are removed, the remaining isotopic variability behind the front is non-systematic and reflects the inherent isotopic heterogeneity of the source, the mantle wedge. Geochemical disconnection in southeastern Guatemala suggests that behind-the-front magmas are produced by decompression melting near the top of the wedge, not by flux-dominated melting near the base of the wedge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306515
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A protective role for protease-activated receptors in the airways (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 398 (1999), S. 156-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The protection of cells in the upper intestine against digestion by pancreatic trypsin depends on the prostanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and is mediated by protease-activated receptors in the epithelium,. As the airway epithelium is morphologically similar and also ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/18223
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Platanar-Aguas Zarcas volcanic centers, Costa Rica: spatial-temporal association of Quaternary calc-alkaline and alkaline volcanism (1993)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 55 (1993), S. 443-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Arc volcano ; magma mixing ; geochemistry ; alkaline ; calc-alkaline ; sector collapse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Platanar volcanic center is dominated by a calc-alkaline, basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite magma series with unusual LREE enrichment. Adjacent and overlapping the calc-alkaline rocks are the most alkaline basalts found along the volcanic front of Central America. These basalts are mafic, LIL- and LREE-enriched transitional to alkaline basalts. Several are found on the north flank of Platanar in the Aguas Zarcas region, where there are nine cinder cones and a few isolated flows. However, they are also found in isolated lava outcrops at least as far south as Porvenir volcano along the volcanic front. The addition of mafic alkaline magmas with high La/Yb and low Ba/La into the Platanar magma chamber or chambers may contribute to the LREE-enriched character of the Platanar basaltic andesites and andesites. At Platanar the field and geochemical evidence suggest mixing between calc-alkaline and alkaline magmas, a process that has probably occurred throughout the development of the Cordillera Central of Costa Rica. The presence of negative Ce anomalies in several of the calc-alkaline lavas also make the Platanar complex very unusual compared to the rest of the Central American volcanic front. In the center of the Platanar complex is the Chocosuela caldera, an apparent remnant of an avalanche caldera created by the collapse in the Middle Pleistocene of an ancestral stratovolcano toward the NNW in a directed blast-type eruption. Rhyolite is present as pumice lapilli in pyroclastic flow deposits outside the caldera rim. Whole lapilli analyses span the daciterhyolite range. The previous eruption of high silica tephra as pyroclastic flows, the current long dormant period and the repeated occurrence of earthquake swarms on the flanks of the Platanar complex make it a candidate for volcanic hazard mapping, detailed geological mapping and emergency planning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302004
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abrupt change in magma generation processes across the Central American arc in southeastern Guatemala: flux-dominated melting near the base of the wedge to decompression melting near the top of the wedge (1995)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 120 (1995), S. 378-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract.  Lavas erupted behind the volcanic front in southeastern Guatemala have many important distinctions from lavas erupted on the volcanic front. These include: generally higher MgO, Nb, Sr, TiO2, and rare earth element concentrations; higher La/Yb and Nb/Y ratios; and lower Ba/La, La/Nb, Ba/Zr and Zr/Nb ratios. These major and trace element distinctions are caused by reduced fractionation during ascent and storage in the crust, lower degrees of melting in the source, and greatly reduced contributions from the subducted Cocos plate in the source. In addition, because all of these important distinctions are even borne in lavas erupted within 20 km of the front, there is little apparent petrogenetic continuity between front and behind-the-front magmas. What little geochemical continuity exists is in radiogenic isotopes: 143Nd/144Nd falls across the arc, Pb isotopic ratios (except 206Pb/204Pb) rise across the arc, and 87Sr/86Sr rise across the arc after an initial discontinuity within 20 km of the front. These continuous across-arc changes in radiogenic isotopes are caused by increased contamination with older, more isotopically disparate rocks, away from the front. Once the effects of crustal contamination are removed, the remaining isotopic variability behind the front is non-systematic and reflects the inherent isotopic heterogeneity of the source, the mantle wedge. Geochemical disconnection in southeastern Guatemala suggests that behind-the-front magmas are produced by decompression melting near the top of the wedge, not by flux-dominated melting near the base of the wedge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050082
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incompatible element and isotopic evidence for tectonic control of source mixing and melt extraction along the Central American arc (1990)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 105 (1990), S. 369-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of Central American volcanics can be described by the mixing of four components, marine sediment from DSDP Site 495, MORB-source mantle (DM), EMORB-source mantle (EM), and continental crust. Most of the isotopic data define a trend between EM and a modified mantle (MM) formed as a mixture of DM and less than 0.5% marine sediment, or fluid derived there from. The MM to EM trend is equally apparent in the incompatible-element data and is most clearly seen in a Ba/La versus La/Yb plot. A hyperbolic trend connects high Ba/La and low La/Yb at the MM end of the trend to low Ba/La and high La/Yb at the EM end. Smooth regional variations in incompatible-element and isotopic ratios correlate with the dip of the subducted slab beneath the volcanic front and the volume of lava erupted during the last 100,000 years (volcanic flux). Steep dip and low flux characterize the MM end-member and shallow dip and high flux characterize the EM end-member. The simplest model to explain the linked tectonic and geochemical data involves melting in the wedge by two distinct mechanisms, followed by mixing between the two magmas. In one case, EM magma is generated by decompression of EM plus DM asthenosphere, which is drawn in and up toward the wedge corner. EM mantle is preferentially melted to small degrees because of the presence of low melting components. The second melt is formed by release of fluid from the subducted slab beneath the volcanic front to form MM magma. Mixing between EM and MM magmas is controlled by subduction angle, which facilitates delivery of EM magma to the volcanic front at low-dip angles and impedes it at steep-dip angles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286825
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density constraints on the formation of the continental Moho and crust (1983)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 84 (1983), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The densities of mantle magmas such as MORB-like tholeiites, picrites, and komatiites at 10 kilobars are greater than densities for diorites, quartz diorites, granodiorites, and granites which dominate the continental crust. Because of these density relations primary magmas from the mantle will tend to underplate the base of the continental crust. Magmas ranging in composition from tholeiites which are more evolved than MORB to andesite can have densities which are less than rocks of the continental crust at 10 kilobars, particularly if they have high water contents. The continental crust can thus be a density filter through which only evolved magmas containing H2O may pass. This explains why primary magmas from the mantle such as the picrites are so rare. Both the over-accretion (i.e., Moho penetration) and the under-accretion (i.e., Moho underplating) of magmas can readily explain complexities in the lithological characteristics of the continental Moho and lower crust. Underplating of the continental crust by dense magmas may perturb the geotherm to values which are characteristic of those in granulite to greenschist facies metamorphic sequences in orogenic belts. An Archean continental crust floating on top of a magma flood or ocean of tholeiite to komatiite could have undergone a major cleansing process; dense blocks of peridotite, greenstone, and high density sediments such as iron formation could have been returned to the mantle, granites sweated to high crustal levels, and a high grade felsic basement residue established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01132324
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reappraisal of the 1835 eruption of Cosigüina and its atmospheric impact (1989)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 52 (1989), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the “great” January 1835 eruption of Cosigüina volcano, Nicaragua, andesitic magma and lithic material were erupted over a period of at least three days. Proximal facies consist of clastogenic lava, scoria-fall, and lithic ash-fall produced by phreatomagmatic to vulcanian or plinian activity, together with surge deposits and lithic block-falls. Pyroclastic flow deposits covered some flanks of the volcano and entered the sea in the Gulf of Fonseca. Little record exists of the distal ash-fall, thus the total bulk volume erupted can only be roughly constrained to 2.9–5.6 km3. Furthermore, the amount of juvenile material is thought to be small. A recent study of volatiles in 1835 scoria suggests sulfur release from the magma was negligible. This reappraisal indicates that the Cosigüina eruption probably had little global climatic impact. Despite its violent nature, the magnitude of the eruption was modest. The eruption occurred too late to initiate the Northern Hemisphere cooling trend form 1828–1836. Dry fogs and other atmospheric optical phenomena usually observed after eruptions that contribute significantly to the stratospheric aerosol burden were not recorded after 1835.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00641387
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