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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Marine Nitrogen Fixation (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Water. ; Hydrology. ; Biogeography. ; Microbiology. ; Freshwater ecology. ; Marine ecology. ; Water. ; Biogeosciences. ; Microbiology. ; Freshwater and Marine Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1: Nitrogen Fixation in the Marine Environment -- Chapter2: Fundamentals of N2 Fixation -- Chapter3: History of Research on Marine N2 Fixation -- Chapter4: Microorganisms and Habitats -- Chapter5: Measurements of Organism Abundances and Activities -- Chapter6: Factors Controlling N2 Fixation -- Chapter7: Biogeography of N2 Fixation in the Surface Ocean -- Chapter8: N2 Fixation in Ocean Basins -- Chapter9: Marine N2 Fixation, Global Change and the Future -- Chapter10: Summary and Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book aims to serve as a centralized reference document for students and researchers interested in aspects of marine nitrogen fixation. Although nitrogen is a critical element in both terrestrial and aquatic productivity, and nitrogen fixation is a key process that balances losses due to denitrification in both environments, most resources on the subject focuses on the biochemistry and microbiology of such processes and the organisms involved in the terrestrial environment on symbiosis in terrestrial systems, or on largely ecological aspects in the marine environment. This book is intended to provide an overview of N2 fixation research for marine researchers, while providing a reference on marine research for researchers in other fields, including terrestrial N2 fixation. This book bridges this knowledge gap for both specialists and non-experts, and provides an in-depth overview of the important aspects of nitrogen fixation as it relates to the marine environment. This resource will be useful for researchers in the specialized field, but also useful for scientists in other disciplines who are interested in the topic. It would provide a possible text for upper division classes or graduate seminars.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 186 p. 36 illus., 31 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030677466
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67746-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67746-6
    DDC: 551.48
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rational entry into risky markets with negative expected returns - The role of biased misestimation of profit potential
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 18 (1992), S. 415-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-2681
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-2681(92)90018-7
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical chemistry for environmental sciences. A question of confidence (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 23 (1989), S. 768-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00065a005
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) associated with macroalgae in a coral-reef community in the Bahamas (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 40 (1977), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract N2 fixation (C2H2 reduction) was associated with several species of macroalgae on a coral reef near Grand Bahama Island. The highest rates were associated with Microdictyon sp. (Chlorophyceae) and Dictyota sp. (Phaeophyceae). Extensive mats of filamentous blue-green algae, not heterotrophic bacteria, were the N2 fixing agents: in experiments with samples of Microdictyon sp., the activity was lightdependent and not stimulated by organic compounds under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Assays in situ, at 20 m depth, and on shipboard, gave similar rates of N2 fixation; the cyanophytes presumably have pigment adaptations to function in blue light. The maximum rate of N2 fixation, associated with Microdictyon sp., was 3.8 μg N fixed g dry weight-1 h-1. Coral-reef communities flourish in nutrientimpoverished waters, and therefore any input of nitrogen is probably important in stabilizing such ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390624
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) in the phyllosphere of Thalassia testudinum (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 40 (1977), S. 19-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract N2 fixation (C2H2 reduction) associated with the leaves of the sea grass Thalassia testudinum was investigated at 5 sites in South Florida (Biscayne Bay) and one site in the Bahamas (Bimini Harbor). Significant activities were correlated with the occurrence of a heterocystous blue-green alga (Calothrix sp.) on the leaves. C2H2 reduction was not stimulated by organic compounds, either aerobically or anaerobically in the light or dark. Therefore, other physiological types of microbes were not important in N2 fixation. Diurnal and seasonal variations in N2 fixation occurred, with maximal rates during the daytime and in the late spring and early summer. N2 fixation was negligible at four stations in Biscayne Bay. At the fifth station, near Fowey Rock, about 5 kg N ha-1 year-1 was fixed. In the summer, the N2 fixed per day (4–5 mg N m-2) could provide 4 to 23% of the foliar productivity demands of T. testudinum at this site and the station in Bimini Harbor. N2 fixation at the periphery of a sea-grass patch, near Fowey Rock, could provide 8 to 38% of the daily nitrogen requirement for leaf production, and thereby might compensate for a less effective trapping and recycling of nitrogen from dead leaves in such regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390623
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial transformations of methylated sulfur compounds in anoxic salt marsh sediments (1988)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 15 (1988), S. 275-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Anoxic salt marsh sediments were amended with several methylated sulfur compounds. Sediment microbes transformed the added compounds into other volatile methylated sulfur compounds and eventually mineralized the compounds to CH4 and presumably to CO2 and H2S. The principal methyl-sulfur product of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) was found to be dimethylsulfide (DMS), with only small amounts of methane thiol (MSH) produced. By contrast, methionine and S-methyl cysteine were degraded mostly to MSH and to lesser amounts of DMS. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was biologically converted to DMS. Dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) was rapidly reduced to MSH by the sediment microflora, and some DMS was also produced. DMS, whether added directly or when derived from other precursors, was metabolized with the production of MSH. Methane thiol was also metabolized, and evidence suggests that MSH may be biologically methylated to form DMS. Experiments with selective microbial inhibitors were used to ascertain which microbial groups were responsible for the observed transformations. Based on these experiments, it appears that both sulfate-reducing and methane-producing bacteria may be involved in transforming and mineralizing methylated sulfur compounds. A simple scheme of how methylated sulfur compounds may be transformed in the environment is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012642
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface to special section (1996)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 32 (1996), S. 229-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183059
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate requirement for acetylene inhibition of nitrous oxide reduction in marine sediments (1989)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 17 (1989), S. 143-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The inhibition of nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction by acetylene (C2H2) in saltmarsh sediment was temporary; we investigated this phenomenon and possible causes. The reduction of N2O in the presence of C2H2 was biological. N2O consumption in the presence of C2H2 began when nitrate concentration became very low. The time course of N2O consumption after periods of N2O accumulation was unaffected by initial nitrate concentrations between 16 and 200μM, or C2H2 concentrations between 10 and 100% of the gas phase. Sulfide had no effect on the kinetics of N2O reduction in the presence of C2H2. In more dilute slurries of saltmarsh sediments and in estuarine sediment, N2O persisted in the presence of C2H2 unless sufficient organic carbon was added to deplete nitrate. In saltmarsh sediments, the rate of N2O consumption in the presence of C2H2 was not changed by preincubation with C2H2. Initial positive rates of N2O production in the presence of C2H2 occurred only when the block was apparently effective (i.e., at nitrate concentrations greater than about 5–10μM) and appeared to represent a valid estimate of denitrification. Conversely, and in agreement with previous studies, concentrations of NO3 − below these levels resulted in reduced efficiency of C2H2 blockage of N2O reductase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02011849
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterotrophic microbial activity in shallow aquifer sediments of Long Island, New York (1994)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 28 (1994), S. 19-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial numbers and activities (as estimated by glucose uptake and total thymidine incorporation) were investigated at two sites in Long Island, New York aquifer sediments. In general, bacterial activities were higher in shallow (1.5–4.5 m below the water table or BWT), oxic sediments than in deep (10–18 m BWT), anoxic sediments. The average total glucose uptake rates were 0.18 ± 0.10 ng gdw−1 h−1 in shallow sediments and 0.09 ± 0.11 ng gdw−1 h−1 in deep sediments; total thymidine incorporation rates were 0.10 ± 0.13 pmol gdw−1 h−1 and 0.03 ± 0.03 pmol gdw−1 h−1 in shallow and deep sediments, respectively. Incorporation of glucose was highly efficient, as only about 10% of added label was recovered as CO2. Bacterial abundance (estimated from acridine orange direct counts) was 2.5 ± 2.0 × 107 cells gdw−1 and 2.0 ± 1.3 × 107 cells gdw−1 in shallow and deep sediments, respectively. These bacterial activity and abundance estimates are similar to values found in other aquifer environments, but are 10- to 1000-fold lower than values in soil or surface sediment of marine and estuarine systems. In general, cell specific microbial activities were lower in sites from Connetquot Park, a relatively pristine site, when compared to activities found in sites from Jamesport, which has had a history of aldicarb (a pesticide) contamination. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial activity measurements in the shallow, sandy aquifers of Long Island, New York.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170245
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Problems and promises of assaying the genetic potential for nitrogen fixation in the marine environment (1996)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 32 (1996), S. 263-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen fixation in the sea has attracted the attention of ecologists for decades. Much is known about the habitats in which it occurs and some of the factors that limit N2 fixation activity in different environments, but we still know little about the organisms that fix nitrogen, and what limits the growth and distribution of these organisms in marine environments. Molecular biology technological developments have provided tools for detecting and characterizing N2-fixing organisms in the environment. These techniques hold great promise for unraveling the mysteries and paradoxes of N2 fixation in the sea. In this review, we address the theoretical basis for the use of a molecular approach to N2 fixation, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the approach, and provide case studies that demonstrate the potential contribution of molecular biology approaches to studies of N2 fixation in the sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183062
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