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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 9 (1987), S. 1205-1217 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Interaction of biosystems with radiations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si riportano i risultati di uno studio della frequenza di trasformazione indotta in cellule in coltura da radiazione ionizzante in funzione della dose, del LET e della distribuzione temporale della dose. Per radiazioni a basso LET, l’andamento della curva dose-effectto è piuttosto complesso: la frequenza di trasformazione cresce con una potenza della dose minore di 1 nella regione di dosi (0.25÷1.5) Gy, di circa 2 nella regione da 1.5 Gy a 4.5 Gy oltre la quale si mantiene costante. La frequenza di trasformazione indotta da radiazioni ad alto LET aumenta con la dose con una potenza di 2 tra 0.1 e 2 Gy dove raggiunge il suo valore massimo e poi si mantiene costante. I valori di RBE aumentano con il LET fino a 140 keV/μm e poi decrescono in analogia con quanto trovato per altri effetti quqli la mortalità e l’aberrazione cromosomica. Il frazionamento e la riduzione dell’intensità di dose di radiazione a basso LET producono una diminuzione dell’incidenza di trasformazione; al contrario, alcune radiazioni ad alto LET quali neutroni da 0.85 MeV si sono mostrate molto piú efficaci, mostrando un netto aumento della frequenza di trasformazione quando la dose viene somministrata in piú frazioni od a ridotta intensità nell’intervallo di dosi minori di 1.5 Gy. Alla luce di questi dati si discutono e si analizzano diversi modelli d’induzione della trasformazione proposti in letteratura.
    Abstract: Резюме Частоты преобразований, индуцированные в клеточных системах излучениями с малыми и высокими ЛПЭ, сравниваются и анализируются в зависимости от ЛПЭ и дозы облучения. При больших интенсивностях кривая «дозаотклик» при излучениях с малыми ЛПЭ обнаруживает сложное поведение: частоты преобразований увеличиваются с дозой, как степенная функция с показателем меньше 1 в интервале (0.25÷1.5) Gy; потом с показателем 2 в интервале от 1.5 до 4.4 Gy, где достигают максимальной величины, а затем остаются постоянными. Частоты преобразованнй при излучениях с высокими ЛПЭ увеличиваются с дозой, как степенная функция с показателем 2 в интервале от 0.1 до 2 Gy, а затем остаются постоянными. Величины RBE увеличиваются с ЛПЭ вплоть до 140 кэВ/мкм, а затем уменьшаются. Частота преобразований уменьшается с уменьшением интенсивности дозы в случае излучений с низкими ЛПЭ, тогда как для излучений с высокими ЛПЭ, например, нейтроны с энергией 0.85 МэВ, частота преовразований возрастает. Для нейтронов можно оценить величины RBE для преобразований вплоть до 50. Анализируются и сравниваются различные модели, предложенные для объяснения этих результатов.
    Notes: Summary Transformation frequencies induced in cell systems by low- and high-LET radiations are compared and analysed as a function of LET and dose protraction. At acute dose rates, the dose-response curve with low-LET radiations shows a complex shape: the transformation frequency increases with the dose by a power of less than 1 in the interval (0.25÷1.5) Gy; a power of about 2 from 1.5 Gy to 4.5 Gy, where it reaches its maximum value and then remains constant. High-LET radiation transformation frequencies increase with dose by a power of 2 from 0.1 to 2 Gy after which they remain constant. RBE values increase with LET up to 140 ke V/μm and then decrease. The transformation frequency is reduced following dose fractionation or dose rate reduction with low-LET radiation, whereas it is enhanced with high-LET radiation, such as 0.85 MeV neutrons. Values of RBE for transformation up to 50 can be evaluated for neutrons. Various models that have been proposed to explain these results are analysed and compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 14 (1992), S. 1191-1202 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Ionizing radiations (X-ray, γ-ray, and particle radiation effect)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary There is substantial experimental evidence that protracted exposure to high-LET radiation can have a greated effect than single exposure in inducing cell transformation, the so-called «inverse dose-rate effect». The magnitude of this enhancement is due to the complex interplay between dose, dose rate and radiation quality. We have developed a model that explains the complex trend of the experimental results. This model is based on the assumption that there is a brief period of high sensitivity to transformation in the cell cycle as proposed in the literature and takes into account the saturation observed at high doses in the dose-effect curves. Specific equations are reported for acute, protracted and fractionated irradiation. Findings with C3H10T1/2 cells were analised in the light of this model. Assuming best fitted parameters of the model obtained from acute-irradiation data, tranformation frequencies due to protracted or fractionated exposure were predicted and compared with experimental findings on fission and monoenergetic neutrons and on charged particles of LET between 20 and 150 keV/μm. The model’s predictions were found to be closely consistent with the available experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Searches for the quadrupole moment of the angular distribution of the background radiation4'5 have provided stringent limits on anisotropy, such as the limit by Fixsen et a/.5 of AT/T^3xlO5 on angular scales 〉10. The distribution of galaxies6, however, suggests that the amplitude of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 30 (1991), S. 53-70 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cell survival was studied by analyzing the inactivation probability density function and its fundamental parameters. Mean $$\bar D$$ , varianceσ 2 and modeD mode were evaluated and a set of equations relating these parameters to the usual parameters of the multitarget, multihit and linear-quadratic modelsD o andn, α andβ, k andλ are reported. The multihit equation used was an extension of the usual equation, to allow parameterk to assume values that are not necessarily integers. In the multitarget curve, the mode of inactivation probability density function, proved to be the quasi-threshold doseD q =D o ln(n). Relative variance, degree of asymmetry and degree of peakedness can be calculated from the shape parametersn in the multitarget model,k in the multihit model, and $$\alpha /\sqrt \beta $$ in the linear-quadratic model. From an analysis of eight published cell survival sets of data, on C3H10T1/2 cells exposed to low LET radiations, it was found that $$\bar D$$ ,σ, andSF 2 are the parameters which exhibit the least variation from experiment to experiment and the least variation in selecting the range of data available for estimation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-9508
    Keywords: cosmology ; balloon-borne instrumentation ; infrared detection ; cryogenics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A cooled telescope (250 mm, F/2) has been designed and prepared for measurements of both local and cosmological Near Infrared backgrounds in the waveband 1–5 μm at balloon altitudes (40 km). The separation of various foreground contributions should be possible by applying observing strategies based on multiple sky scans with different filters. The whole apparatus will be tested in flight by using a detection system based on a linear array of 32 InSb pixels cryogenically cooled and thermally controlled at 52 K. The instrument sensitivity will allow the measurement of most of the local backgrounds. The focal plane could be easily re-arranged to house bidimensional array detectors cooled down to ∼ 35 K with performance improvements of a factor at least 100 ÷ 200. A description is given of the main characteristics of the instrument (optics, cryostat, detector), of the control subsystems (cryogenics, pointing systems, electronics, ground equipment) and of the expected performance based on laboratory test results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: The enthalpically favoured hydration of hydrophobic entities, termed hydrophobic hydration, impacts the phase behaviour of numerous amphiphiles in water. Here, we show experimental evidence that hydrophobic hydration is strongly determined by the mean energetics of the aqueous medium. We investigate the aggregation and collapse of an amphiphilic polymer, poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNiPAM), in aqueous solutions containing small amounts of alcohol and find that the thermodynamic characteristics defining the phase transitions of PNiPAM evolve relative to the solvent composition at which the excess mixing enthalpy of the water/alcohol mixtures becomes minimal. Such correlation between solvent energetics and solution thermodynamics extends to other mixtures containing neutral organic solutes that are considered as kosmotropes to induce a strengthening of the hydrogen bonded water network. This denotes the energetics of water as a key parameter controlling the phase behaviour of PNiPAM and identifies the excess mixing enthalpy of water/kosmotrope mixtures as a gauge of the kosmotropic effect on hydrophobic assemblies. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep04377
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-08-08
    Description: Over the course of six years (2006–2011), equivalent black carbon (eqBC), coarse aerosol mass (PM 1–10 ), and surface ozone (O 3 ), observed during the monsoon onset period at the Nepal Climate Observatory–Pyramid WMO/GAW Global Station (NCO-P, 5079 m a.s.l.), were analyzed to investigate events characterized by a significant increase in these short-lived climate forcers/pollutants (SLCF/P). These events occurred during periods characterized by low (or nearly absent) rain precipitation in the central Himalayas, and they appeared to be related to weakening stages (or ‘breaking’) of the South Asian summer monsoon system. As revealed by the combined analysis of atmospheric circulation, air-mass three-dimensional back trajectories, and satellite measurements of atmospheric aerosol loading, surface open fire, and tropospheric NO x , the large amount of SLCF/P reaching the NCO-P appeared to be related to natural (mineral dust) and anthropogenic emiss...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1974-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
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