ISSN:
1573-904X
Keywords:
drug delivery, transdermal
;
skin permeation, rats, dogs
;
timolol, skin permeation
;
timolol, skin irritation
Source:
Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
Topics:
Chemistry and Pharmacology
Notes:
Abstract Timolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist, was evaluated for transdermal flux with rat skin in vitro and with the dog in vivo. Skin irritation after dermal application of timolol was assessed in the rat in vivo. Drug flux across rat skin in vitro ranged between 2 and 110 µg cm−2 hr−1, dependent on the formulation. The transdermal flux of timolol in the dog was greater than 10 µg cm−2 hr−1. This estimate was based on the degree of antagonism of isoproterenol challenge following transdermal administration of timolol relative to that obtained following intravenous administration of timolol. Irritation was observed in the rat after occluded dermal application of timolol free base but was not observed when the concentration of the drug in the formulation was decreased.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016390714147
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