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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal isl1 + cardioblasts enter fully differentiated cardiomyocyte lineages (2005)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 433 (2005), S. 647-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The purification, renewal and differentiation of native cardiac progenitors would form a mechanistic underpinning for unravelling steps for cardiac cell lineage formation, and their links to forms of congenital and adult cardiac diseases. Until now there has been little evidence for native ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03215
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic-beam alignment of inorganic materials for liquid-crystal displays (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 411 (2001), S. 56-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The technique used to align liquid crystals—rubbing the surface of a substrate on which a liquid crystal is subsequently deposited—has been perfected by the multibillion-dollar liquid-crystal display industry. However, it is widely recognized that a non-contact alignment technique ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35075021
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the oxidative coupling of methane over SrO-La2O3/CaO catalysts by using CO2 as a probe (1995)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 35 (1995), S. 215-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) ; SrO-La2O3/CaO ; basicity ; CO2-TPD ; carbonates ; in situ FT-IR ; CO2 adspecies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 20%SrO-20%La2O3/CaO catalyst (SLC-2), prepared by impregnation, has shown 18% CH4 conversion and 80% C2-selectivity for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) at 1073–1103 K with CH4∶O2 molar ratio=9∶1 and total flow rate of 100 ml/min. Addition of SrO onto La2O3/CaO (LC) catalyst strengthens the surface basicity and leads to an increase in CH4 conversion and C2-selectivity. Meanwhile, the reaction temperature required to obtain the highest C2-yield increases with increasing SrO content. The formation of carbonate on the catalyst surface is the main reason for the deactivation of LC and SLC catalysts. If the amount of CO2 added into the feed is appropriate and the reaction temperature is high enough, there is no deactivation at all. In such case, the added CO2 will suppress the formation of CO2 produced via the OCM reaction, therefore, improves the C2-selectivity. The FT-IR spectra of CO2 adspecies recorded at different temperatures show that CO2 interacts easily with the catalyst surface to form different carbonate adspecies. Unidentate carbonate is the main CO2 adspecies formed on the catalyst surface. On the LC catalyst surface, the unidentate carbonate was first formed on Ca2+ cations at room temperature. If the temperature is higher than 473 K, it will form on La3+ cations. On the SLC catalyst surface, if the temperature is lower than 573 K, only the unidentate carbonate formed on Ca2+ cations could be observed. When the temperature is higher than 673 K, it will then form on Sr2+ cations. This suggests that the unidentate carbonate can migrate on the LC and SLC catalyst surface on one hand, and on the other hand, that the surface composition of SLC catalysts is dynamic in nature. On the basis of both the decomposition temperatures of the carbonate species, and the temperature dependence of the δΝ value which is the difference of symmetric and asymmetric stretching frequencies of surface carbonates, the in situ FT-IR technique offered two approaches to measure the surface basicity of the SLC catalyst. The results thus obtained are in good agreement with that of CO2-TPD. The role of the surface basicity of the SLC catalyst is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807178
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On J-integrals in the plane fracture (1990)
    Springer
    Applied mathematics and mechanics 11 (1990), S. 595-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this-paper, we discuss J-integrals near models I and II crack tips for the plates of linear-elastic isotropic homogeneous material and orthotropic composite material, using the theories of complex function and calculus, and obtain the result as follows: (1) The various J-integrals are transformed into standard form of line integrals with respect to coordinates: $$J = \int\limits_r {p(x,y)dx + Q(x,y)dy} $$ (2) Independence of path of the various J-integrals is proved. (3) Computing formulae of J-integrals are derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02016345
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  • 5
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    Ice shelf structure derived from dispersion curve analysis of ambient seismic noise, Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2016. This article is posted here by permission of The Royal Astronomical Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Journal International 205 (2016): 785-795, doi:10.1093/gji/ggw036.
    Description: An L-configured, three-component short period seismic array was deployed on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica during November 2014. Polarization analysis of ambient noise data from these stations shows linearly polarized waves for frequency bands between 0.2 and 2 Hz. A spectral peak at about 1.6 Hz is interpreted as the resonance frequency of the water column and is used to estimate the water layer thickness below the ice shelf. The frequency band from 4 to 18 Hz is dominated by Rayleigh and Love waves propagating from the north that, based on daily temporal variations, we conclude were generated by field camp activity. Frequency–slowness plots were calculated using beamforming. Resulting Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion curves were inverted for the shear wave velocity profile within the firn and ice to ∼150 m depth. The derived density profile allows estimation of the pore close-off depth and the firn–air content thickness. Separate inversions of Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves give different shear wave velocity profiles within the firn. We attribute this difference to an effective anisotropy due to fine layering. The layered structure of firn, ice, water and the seafloor results in a characteristic dispersion curve below 7 Hz. Forward modelling the observed Rayleigh wave dispersion curves using representative firn, ice, water and sediment structures indicates that Rayleigh waves are observed when wavelengths are long enough to span the distance from the ice shelf surface to the seafloor. The forward modelling shows that analysis of seismic data from an ice shelf provides the possibility of resolving ice shelf thickness, water column thickness and the physical properties of the ice shelf and underlying seafloor using passive-source seismic data.
    Description: PDB, AD and PG were supported by NSF Grant PLR 1246151. RAS was supported by NSF Grant PLR-1246416. DAW, RA and AN were supported under NSF Grants PLR-1142518, 1141916 and 1142126, respectively. PDB also received support from the California Department of Parks and Recreation, Division of Boating and Waterways under contract 11-106-107.
    Keywords: Glaciology ; Surface waves and free oscillations ; Seismic anisotropy ; Antarctica
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Seismicity of the incoming plate and forearc near the Mariana Trench recorded by ocean bottom seismographs (2020)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 21(4), (2020): e2020GC008953, doi:10.1029/2020GC008953.
    Description: Earthquakes near oceanic trenches are important for studying incoming plate bending and updip thrust zone seismogenesis, yet are poorly constrained using seismographs on land. We use an ocean bottom seismograph (OBS) deployment spanning both the incoming Pacific Plate and the forearc to study seismicity near the Mariana Trench. The yearlong deployment in 2012–2013 consisted of 20 broadband OBSs and 5 suspended hydrophones, with an additional 59 short period OBSs and hydrophones recording for 1 month. We locate 1,692 earthquakes using a nonlinear method with a 3D velocity model constructed from active source profiles and surface wave tomography results. Events occurring seaward of the trench occur to depths of ~35 km below the seafloor, and focal mechanisms of the larger events indicate normal faulting corresponding to plate bending. Significant seismicity emerges about 70 km seaward from the trench, and the seismicity rate increases continuously towards the trench, indicating that the largest bending deformation occurs near the trench axis. These plate‐bending earthquakes occur along faults that facilitate the hydration of the subducting plate, and the lateral and depth distribution of earthquakes is consistent with low‐velocity regions imaged in previous studies. The forearc is marked by a heterogeneous distribution of low magnitude (〈5 Mw) thrust zone seismicity, possibly due to the rough incoming plate topography and/or serpentinization of the forearc. A sequence of thrust earthquakes occurs at depths ~10 km below seafloor and within 20 km of the trench axis, demonstrating that the megathrust is seismically active nearly to the trench.
    Description: We thank the captains, crew, and science teams on the R/V Thompson, Langseth and Melville, Dr. Patrick Shore for providing data management and technical support, and Ivan Komarov and Zhengyang Zhou for assistance with data analysis. We thank Ingo Grevemeyer and an anonymous reviewer for their comments to improve the manuscript. Instrumentation and technical support was provided by the PASSCAL program of the Incorporated Research Institutions in Seismology (IRIS) and the Woods Hole, Lamont‐Doherty, and Scripps facilities of the Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instrumentation Pool (OBSIP). Funding was provided by the MARGINS/GeoPRISMS program through NSF grant OCE‐0841074 (D.A.W.) and the Spencer T. and Ann W. Olin Fellowship program at Washington University in Saint Louis. Raw seismic data used in this study are available through the Data Management Center of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (http://www.iris.edu/dms/nodes/dmc) under network IDs XF and MI.
    Description: 2020-10-06
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 7
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    Physical modeling and validation of porpoises' directional emission via hybrid metamaterials (2020)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Dong, E., Zhang, Y., Song, Z., Zhang, T., Cai, C., & Fang, N. X. Physical modeling and validation of porpoises' directional emission via hybrid metamaterials. National Science Review, 6(5), (2019): 921-928, doi:10.1093/nsr/nwz085.
    Description: In wave physics and engineering, directional emission sets a fundamental limitation on conventional simple sources as their sizes should be sufficiently larger than their wavelength. Artificial metamaterial and animal biosonar both show potential in overcoming this limitation. Existing metamaterials arranged in periodic microstructures face great challenges in realizing complex and multiphase biosonar structures. Here, we proposed a physical directional emission model to bridge the gap between porpoises’ biosonar and artificial metamaterial. Inspired by the anatomical and physical properties of the porpoise's biosonar transmission system, we fabricated a hybrid metamaterial system composed of multiple composite structures. We validated that the hybrid metamaterial significantly increased directivity and main lobe energy over a broad bandwidth both numerically and experimentally. The device displayed efficiency in detecting underwater target and suppressing false target jamming. The metamaterial-based physical model may be helpful to achieve the physical mechanisms of porpoise biosonar detection and has diverse applications in underwater acoustic sensing, ultrasound scanning, and medical ultrasonography.
    Description: E.D., Y.Z., Z.S., T.Z. and C.C. acknowledge the financial support in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1407504), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41676023, 41276040 and 41422604). N.X.F. acknowledges the support from the MIT Energy Initiative grant. Z.S. thanks the China Scholarship Council for the financial support of his oversea study in Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: porpoise's physical model ; metamaterials ; biosonar ; directional emission
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
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    Observation of conformational changes in ethylene glycol–water complexes by FTIR–ATR spectroscopy and computational studies (2018)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-01
    Electronic ISSN: 2158-3226
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 9
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    Genes, Vol. 9, Pages 630: Enhancer Trapping and Annotation in Zebrafish Mediated with Sleeping Beauty, piggyBac and Tol2 Transposons (2018)
    MDPI
    In: Genes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Although transposon-mediated enhancer trapping (ET) is successfully applied in diverse models, the efficiency of various transposon systems varies significantly, and little information is available regarding efficiency of enhancer trapping by various transposons in zebrafish. Most potential enhancers (Ens) still lack evidence of actual En activity. Here, we compared the differences in ET efficiency between sleeping beauty (SB), piggyBac (PB) and Tol2 transposons. Tol2 represented the highest germline transfer efficiencies at 55.56% (NF0 = 165), followed by SB (38.36%, NF0 = 151) and PB (32.65%, NF0 = 149). ET lines generated by the Tol2 transposon tended to produce offspring with a single expression pattern per line, while PB and SB tended to generate embryos with multiple expression patterns. In our tests, 10 putative Ens (En1–10) were identified by splinkerette PCR and comparative genomic analysis. Combining the GFP expression profiles and mRNA expression patterns revealed that En1 and En2 may be involved in regulation of the expression of dlx1a and dlx2a, while En6 may be involved in regulation of the expression of line TK4 transgene and rps26, and En7 may be involved in the regulation of the expression of wnt1 and wnt10b. Most identified Ens were found to be transcribed in zebrafish embryos, and their regulatory function may involve eRNAs.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4425
    Topics: Biology
    Published by MDPI
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  • 10
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    Sustainability, Vol. 11, Pages 4964: Power Market Equilibrium under the Joint FIP-RPS Renewable Energy Incentive Mechanism in China (2019)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: In order to support the development of renewable energy, countries around the world have adopted certain renewable energy incentive mechanisms, including feed-in tariff (FIT) and renewable portfolio standard (RPS). Based on the official report concerning renewable energy consumption issued by the Chinese government in 2018, FIT is no longer an ideal renewable incentive mechanism for China. The increasing financial burden of renewable subsidies on the government has prompted a transition from FIT to a more market-based RPS mechanism. However, the abrupt transformation from FIT to RPS without any transitions might potentially cause problems, including a lack of incentives for market participants and a high market risk. Feed-in premium (FIP), which is a transformation based on FIT, can increase the flexibility of the mechanism and play an important role in the transitional period. However, to date, there has only been limited research work that has explored the effect of implementing FIP-RPS in the development of renewable energy in China. It is still not clear how this transition could be carried out smoothly. Therefore, this research was aimed to devise a joint FIP-RPS mechanism and further develop the optimal combination ratio of the two, so as to obtain a socially optimal mechanism design. The simulation results showed that, at different stages of renewable energy development, FIP and RPS should be implemented according to their distinct characteristics, and the joint FIP-RPS mechanism should be combined with different ratios. It could be indicated that the proposed joint FIP-RPS mechanism not only excels at promoting renewable energy, but is also capable of maintaining desirable market prices and social welfare in this transitional period, as compared to FIP and RPS implemented alone. In the future, a certain degree of FIP-RPS implementations to this type of energy transition would be one of the preferred methods that could be implemented to have a considerable influence on China’s national energy plan. This is because the combination of the two mechanisms not only reduces the financial burden of the government, but also plays an active role in the renewable energy market.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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