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  • 1
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    Direct measurements of the atmospheric conduction current (1978)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Analysis of radiances from orbital gas releases (1992)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Recent developments in CID imaging (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Readout of CID imaging arrays was first performed by injecting and detecting the signal charge from each sensing site in sequence. A new readout method, termed parallel injection, has been developed in which the functions of signal charge detection and injection have been separated. The level of signal charge at each sensing site is detected during a line scan, and during the line retrace interval, all charge in the selected line is injected. The parallel injection technique is well adapted to TV scan formats in that the signal is read out at high speed, line by line. A 244 line by 248 element TV compatible imager, employing this technique and including an on chip preamplifier, has been constructed and operation demonstrated.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: JPL Proc.: Symp. on Charge-Coupled Device Technol. for Sci. Imaging Appl.; p 106-115
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The charge injection device /CID/ as a stellar tracking sensor (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: A 128 x 128 element CID imager was operated in a simulated stellar trackling environment and evaluated for temporal and pattern noise and spectral response over a temperature range of -40 C to +25 C. The test devices were fabricated on long-lifetime bulk silicon material and utilized very thin upper-level polysilicon electrodes for enhanced spectral response. A standard microcomputer was used to generate all control signals and to collect and process performance data. The results of this program were used to predict the performance of a 400 x 400 CID array designed specifically for stellar-tracking.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Recent advances in TV sensors and systems; August 27, 28, 1979; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Charge injection device as a candidate sensor for stellar tracking (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Charge transfer devices (CTDs) are superior to the image dissector as stellar tracking sensors, considering their low voltage requirements, insensitivity to magnetic fields, good linearity, and low weight and power. An analysis of one type of CTD, called the charge injection device (CID), revealed an X-Y addressing capability which provides exceptional flexibility in array readout and results in enhanced S/N capability, a surface channel device which produces a larger dynamic range of operation, and exceptional and unique tolerance to optical overloads. A 128 row by 128 column CID array processed on silicon was evaluated in a cooled breadboard camera, and measured results indicate projected performance parameters of a large area CID array as follows: 20 micron square sensing site, noise not greater than 25 carriers per pixel, quantum yield of approximately 40% from 0.4 to 1.0 micron, and cooling requirements on the order of 0 degrees C.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Space optics; May 22, 1979 - May 24, 1979; Huntsville, AL
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Direct measurements of the atmospheric conduction current (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A method of measuring the atmospheric conduction current above the ground has been employed to obtain data for 12 weeks during the first half of 1974. The instrument consists of a split aluminum sphere suspended by insulated wires to a wooden frame. The measuring electronics and the transmitter are enclosed within the spherical structure. The interaction of the instrument with its atmospheric electrical environment is analyzed, and it is shown that in steady state conditions, predictable differences in the instrumentally measured currents and the atmospheric conduction current will be less than 5% and in the nonsteady state situations the difference is less than 20%. Diurnal variations, a probable winter-summer variation, sunrise, and fog effects were observed for the data obtained during fair-weather conditions. Disturbed weather data are interpreted for the effects of low clouds on the atmospheric current. The charge concentrations within overcast clouds sufficient to produce the observed reversed atmospheric currents are estimated to be small in relation to values in thunderclouds.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 83; June 20
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Improved charge injection device and a focal plane interface electronics board for stellar tracking (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An improved Charge Injection Device (CID) stellar tracking sensor and an operating sensor in a control/readout electronics board were developed. The sensor consists of a shift register scanned, 256x256 CID array organized for readout of 4x4 subarrays. The 4x4 subarrays can be positioned anywhere within the 256x256 array with a 2 pixel resolution. This allows continuous tracking of a number of stars simultaneously since nine pixels (3x3) centered on any star can always be read out. Organization and operation of this sensor and the improvements in design and semiconductor processing are described. A hermetic package incorporating an internal thermoelectric cooler assembled using low temperature solders was developed. The electronics board, which contains the sensor drivers, amplifiers, sample hold circuits, multiplexer, analog to digital converter, and the sensor temperature control circuits, is also described. Packaged sensors were evaluated for readout efficiency, spectral quantum efficiency, temporal noise, fixed pattern noise, and dark current. Eight sensors along with two tracker electronics boards were completed, evaluated, and delivered.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-171066 , NAS 1.26:171066
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Detection of regional air pollution episodes utilizing satellite data in the visual range (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A comparative analysis of satellite-observed haze patterns and ground-based aerosol measurements is carried out for July 20-23, 1978. During this period, a significant regional air pollution episode existed across the northeastern United States, accompanied by widespread haze, reduced surface visibility, and elevated sulfate levels measured by the Sulfate Regional Experiment (SURE) network. The results show that the satellite-observed haze patterns correlate closely with the area of reported low surface visibility (less than 4 mi) and high sulfate levels. Quantitative information on total aerosol loading derived from the satellite-digitized data, using an atmospheric radiative transfer model, agrees well with the results obtained from the ground-based measurements.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium; Jun 08, 1981 - Jun 10, 1981; Washington, DC
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Design, fabrication, and delivery of a charge injection device as a stellar tracking device (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Six 128 x 128 CID imagers fabricated on bulk silicon and with thin polysilicon upper-level electrodes were tested in a star tracking mode. Noise and spectral response were measured as a function of temperature over the range of +25 C to -40 C. Noise at 0 C and below was less than 40 rms carriers/pixel for all devices at an effective noise bandwidth of 150 Hz. Quantum yield for all devices averaged 40% from 0.4 to 1.0 microns with no measurable temperature dependence. Extrapolating from these performance parameters to those of a large (400 x 400) array and accounting for design and processing improvements, indicates that the larger array would show a further improvement in noise performance -- on the order of 25 carriers. A preliminary evaluation of the projected performance of the 400 x 400 array and a representative set of star sensor requirements indicates that the CID has excellent potential as a stellar tracking device.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-161226 , SRD-78-171
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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