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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-08-03
    Description: In order to assess the global evolution of aerosol parameters affecting climate change, a long-term trend analyses of aerosol optical properties were performed on time series from 52 stations situated across five continents. The time series of measured scattering, backscattering and absorption coefficients as well as the derived single scattering albedo, backscattering fraction, scattering and absorption Ångström exponents covered at least 10 years and up to 40 years for some stations. The non-parametric seasonal Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical test associated with several prewhitening methods and with the Sen’s slope were used as main trend analysis methods. Comparisons with General Least Mean Square associated with Autoregressive Bootstrap (GLS/ARB) and with standard Least Mean Square analysis (LMS) enabled confirmation of the detected MK statistically significant trends and the assessment of advantages and limitations of each method. Currently, scattering and backscattering coefficients trends are mostly decreasing in Europe and North America and are not statistically significant in Asia, while polar stations exhibit a mix of increasing and decreasing trends. A few increasing trends are also found at some stations in North America and Australia. Absorption coefficients time series also exhibit primarily decreasing trends. For single scattering albedo, 52% of the sites exhibit statistically significant positive trends, mostly in Asia, Eastern/Northern Europe and Arctic, 18% of sites exhibit statistically significant negative trends, mostly in central Europe and central North America, while the remaining 30% of sites have trends, which are not statistically significant. In addition to evaluating trends for the overall time series, the evolution of the trends in sequential 10 year segments was also analyzed. For scattering and backscattering, statistically significant increasing 10 year trends are primarily found for earlier periods (10 year trends ending in 2010-2015) for polar stations and Mauna Loa. For most of the stations, the present-day statistically significant decreasing 10 year trends of the single scattering albedo were preceded by not statistically significant and statistically significant increasing 10 year trends. The effect of air pollution abatement policies in continental North America is very obvious in the 10 year trends of the scattering coefficient – there is a shift to statistically significant negative trends in 2010-2011 for all stations in the eastern and central US. This long-term trend analysis of aerosol radiative properties with a broad spatial coverage enables a better global view of potential aerosol effects on climate changes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 436 (1976), S. 190-198 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 348 (1974), S. 115-125 
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science Letters 3 (1974), S. 381-386 
    ISSN: 0304-4211
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 583 (1979), S. 370-377 
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: (Pancreatic islet) ; Glucose ; Phosphate content ; Secretory stimulation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 428 (1976), S. 591-599 
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 432-440 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The problem of potential corrosion of brazed alloy steel fittings, in particular by the so--called “knife-line attack”Longterm tests (1 year) with brazed alloy steel fittings (13% Cr steel and AgCd or AgCuInNi solder) in tap-water enriched in sodium chloride (50, 200, 500 ppm Cl-). The results show that there is no danger of knife-line attack attributable to the brazed joint. Attack was purely local and could be detected by microskopic observation only. The reduction of mechanical strength of the brazed joints is attributed to low filling degree of the soldered seam; in this context residual flux may have some bearing too.
    Notes: Langzeitversuche (1 Jahr) mit hartgelöteten Edelstahlfittings (Cr-Stahl 13 und AgCd-bzw. AgCuInNi-Lot) in mit Natriumchlorid angereichertem Leitungswasser (50, 200, 500 ppm Cl-). Bei den Versuchen ergab sich keine durch die Lötstelle bedingte Gefahr der Messerschnittkorrosion. Der Angriff blieb rein örtlich und war nur mikroskopisch nachweisbar. Die Verringerung der mechanischen Festigkeit der Lötverbindungen wird auf den zu geringen Füllgrad des Lötspalts zurückgeführt; auch Flußmittelräckstände können dabei eine Rolle spielen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A glyoxylic acid method using cryostat sections to demonstrate catecholaminergic fibres of the central nervous system was modified to show the extent of the adrenergic innervation in rat brown adipose tissue. It revealed prominent interlacing fluorescent parenchymal fibres surrounding individual adipocytes. The density of this network of fine fibres was not evident using earlier techniques. The new method also confirmed the dense networks of adrenergic fibres associated with arterial vessels. Its specificity was verified by simultaneously performing radioenzymatic determinations of tissue catecholamine levels and histochemical studies of brown adipose tissue from normal and sympathectomized rats. Chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine resulted in a pronounced decrease in brown adipose tissue and heart catecholamine (noradrenalin and dopamine) levels. Significantly, in brown adipose tissue of sympathectomized animals no fluorescence could be detected in terminal nerves of either the parenchyma or those of vascular smooth muscles. Nevertheless, some intense fluorescence was seen in axon bundles. The findings suggest that catecholamines of the parenchymal innervation form a larger proportion of the total catecholamine content of brown adipose tissue than was previously believed, provide stronger support for direct control of the function of multilocular adipocytes, and also confirm unpublished data reporting considerable dopamine content in brown adipose tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 9 (1971), S. 121-123 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Les auteurs décrivent un moyen possible de synchronisation électromagnétique externe d'un stimulateur cardiaque implanté à régime fixe. La méthode proposée peut aussi procurer une stimulation de pulsions par paires, une stimulation couplée et une stimulation synchrone avec un rythme cardiaque spontané.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ein mögliches Hilfsmittel für die externe elektromagnetische Synchronisation eines eines eingepflanzten Herzschrittmachers mit fester Geschwindigkeit wird, beschrieben. Die vorgelegte Methode kann auch Anregung mit gepaarten Pulsen, gekoppelte Anregung und Schrittmachen synchron mit einem spontanen Herzrythmus bereitstellen.
    Notes: Abstract A possible means for the external electromagnetic synchronization of an implanted fixed rate cardiac pacemaker is described. The method presented can also provide paired-pulse stimulation, coupled stimulation and pacing synchronous with a spontaneous heart rhythm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 77 (1994), S. 1590-1594 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of benzazepine analogues of the opium alkaloid noscapine (1) is described. The benzazepines 2 and 3 were prepared starting from nornarceine ethyl ester (4; readily available from 1) in several steps. X-Ray analysis of compound 2 revealed that it is not a diastereosisomer mixture but a racemate of the threo-form and thus has the same configuration as 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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