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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF Pseudomonas perolens AND EFFECTS ON PORCINE MUSCLE (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 39 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Changes in the solubility of the primary muscle proteins attributable to the presence and growth of Pseudomonas perolens were increases in the extractability of myofibrillar and nonprotein nitrogen components at the expense of the sarcoplasmic and stroma proteins. Initiation of the production of high levels of proteolytic enzyme by Pseudomonas perolens in inoculated pork occurred concurrently with a rapid rise in pH and the peak of the bacterial growth curve. Incubation of porcine muscle at 3°C with or without bacterial cells resulted in minor ultrastructural changes. The purified proteolytic enzyme extract produced by Pseudomonas perolens appeared to cause the removal of the Z line and M line after as little as 4 days incubation. Fragmentation of the myofibrils and disintegration of actin filaments was evident after 8 days. Those samplcs containing bacterial cells exhibited varying degrees of ultrastructural damage after 8 days incubation. Localized disruption of myofibrils was observed and may have been due to localized growth or enzyme claboration of bacterial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb17987.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Dietary Oils and α-Tocopherol Supplementation on Lipid Composition and Stability of Broiler Meat (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 54 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Broilers were fed diets containing oils of varying degrees of unsaturation, namely coconut oil, olive oil, linseed oil and partially hydrogenated soybean oil (HSBO), with and without α-tocopherol supplementation. The different oils significantly (P〈0.01) affected the fatty acid composition of the neutral lipids and, to a lesser extent, the fatty acid composition of the phopholipids. Fatty acid composition, in turn, influenced the oxidative stability of the meat during refrigerated and frozen storage. Meat from broilers fed olive oil or coconut oil was consistently more stable than meat from the linseed oil group. Dietary supplementation with α-tocopherol significantly (P〈0.01) improved the oxidative stability of the dark and white broiler meat during refrigerated and frozen storage compared to meat from the broilers fed HSBO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb05134.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastomer-Resin Blends: Acrylonitrile Type Synthetic Rubber and Polyvinyl Chloride Resins (1949)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 41 (1949), S. 401-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50470a034
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perbunan Properties and Compounding (1942)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 34 (1942), S. 1284-1291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50395a007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Butyrate-induced reversal of dexamethasone resistance in autonomous rat Nb2 lymphoma cells (1997)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 2 (1997), S. 518-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; Bcl-2 ; dexamethasone ; Nb2 lymphoma ; Pim-1 ; prolactin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The parental rat Nb2 lymphoma is a prolactin (PRL)-dependent T cell line. Exposure of a PRL-independent subline, Nb2-SFJCD1, to sodium butyrate (NaBT) causes transient reversal of their growth factor-independent proliferation in association with constitutive expression of protooncogenes pim-1and c-myc. In the present study, we investigated the effect of NaBT treatment on the sensitivity of Nb2-SFJCD1 cells to dexamethasone (DEX)-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with NaBT (2 mM, 72 h) partially reversed resistance to apoptosis in Nb2-SFJCD1 cells exposed to DEX (100 nM) for 12 h, assessed by flow cytometric analyses of DNA fragmentation. However, the cytolytic effect of DEX was abrogated by PRL i n a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Eval uati on of apoptosis-associated gene expression in NaBT-pre-treated cultures incubated with DEX or DEX+PRL indicated that the apoptosis resistance did not stem from altered bcl-2 or bax expression. However, there was a strong correlation between the resistance to DEX-activated apoptosis and their enhanced expression of pim-1 mRNA and protein. The results show that it is possible to reverse DEX-induced apoptosis of Nb2 pre-T cells and suggest the pim-1 gene product has an important role as a suppressor of this process, perhaps functioning as a mediator of PRL action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026438615092
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of sky clarity using MIR radiometers as an adjunct to atmospheric Čerenkov radiation measurements (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental astronomy 9 (1999), S. 237-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9508
    Keywords: atmospheric Čerenkov technique ; cloud detection ; gamma ray astronomy ; gamma ray telescopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A technique for detecting the presence of cloud in the field of view of an atmospheric Čerenkov telescope using a mid infra red radiometer is described. Models for the radiative emission from clear and cloudy skies are tested and found to represent the measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008102827280
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure and origin of cross-tie fibrils in crazes (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 4445-4454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Crazes were grown in thin films of polystyrene (PS) at various temperatures and the resulting craze fibril microstructures were examined using low-angle electron diffraction (LAED). A quasi-regular array of cross-tie fibrils pull the main fibrils away from the tensile axis by an angle ± β/2°. As a result, the LAED patterns from crazes grown at temperatures T〈50°C exhibited split diffraction lobes centred about the equatorial axis of the LAED pattern. It was found that β decreased with increasing crazing temperature and that the split lobes could no longer be resolved at the highest temperatures. Diffuse meridional diffraction spots due to scattering from the quasi-regular array of cross-tie fibrils were seen in the LAED patterns from crazes grown at low temperatures. The spacing of the cross-tie fibrils, R, determined from these patterns, was found to increase with the crazing temperature. A new model of craze widening was proposed that accounts for the formation of cross-tie fibrils by allowing some of the entangled polymer strands which bridge two fibrils in the active zone to survive fibrillation. Cross-tie fibrils are created when several such strands pile up locally, and the craze/bulk interface bypasses the pile-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543666
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modes of deformation in rubber-modified thermoplastics during tensile impact (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 6249-6259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Real-time small-angle X-ray scattering (RTSAXS) studies were performed on a series of rubber-modified thermoplastics. Scattering patterns were measured at successive time intervals as short as 1.8 ms and were analysed to determine the plastic strain due to crazing. Simultaneous measurements of the absorption of the primary beam by the sample allowed the total plastic strain to be computed. The plastic strain due to other deformation mechanisms, e.g. particle cavitation and macroscopic shear deformation was determined by the difference. Samples of commercial thicknesses can be studied at high rates of deformation without the inherent limitations of microscopy and its requirement of thin samples (i.e., plane strain constraint is maintained on sample morphology). Contrary to the conclusions drawn from many previous dilatation-based studies, it has been demonstrated that the strain due to non-crazing mechanisms, such as rubber particle cavitation, and deformation of the glassy ligaments between rubber particles, occurs before that due to crazing mechanisms. Crazing accounts for at most only half of the total plastic strain in HIPS (high impact polystyrene) and ABS (rubber-modified styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer) materials. The proportion of strain attributable to crazing can be much less than half the total in thermoplastic systems with considerable shear yield during plastic deformation. The predominant deformation mechanism in polycarbonate-ABS blends is shear in the PC (polycarbonate) with associated rubber gel particle cavitation in the ABS. This cavitation means that there appears to be a direct relationship between gel particle rubber content in the ABS and toughness of the blend. The mechanism is the same whether the tensile stress is in the direction parallel or perpendicular to the injection-moulded orientation, with simply less total strain being reached before fracture in the weaker perpendicular direction. Crazing, although the precursor to final fracture, occurs after the predominant mechanism and contributes only a few per cent to the total plastic deformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02387801
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modes of deformation in rubber-modified thermoplastics during tensile impact (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 6249-6259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Real-time small-angle X-ray scattering (RTSAXS) studies were performed on a series of rubber-modified thermoplastics. Scattering patterns were measured at successive time intervals as short as 1.8 ms and were analysed to determine the plastic strain due to crazing. Simultaneous measurements of the absorption of the primary beam by the sample allowed the total plastic strain to be computed. The plastic strain due to other deformation mechanisms, e.g. particle cavitation and macroscopic shear deformation was determined by the difference. Samples of commercial thicknesses can be studied at high rates of deformation without the inherent limitations of microscopy and its requirement of thin samples (i.e., plane strain constraint is maintained on sample morphology). Contrary to the conclusions drawn from many previous dilatation-based studies, it has been demonstrated that the strain due to non-crazing mechanisms, such as rubber particle cavitation, and deformation of the glassy ligaments between rubber particles, occurs before that due to crazing mechanisms. Crazing accounts for at most only half of the total plastic strain in HIPS (high impact polystyrene) and ABS (rubber-modified styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer) materials. The proportion of strain attributable to crazing can be much less than half the total in thermoplastic systems with considerable shear yield during plastic deformation. The predominant deformation mechanism in polycarbonate-ABS blends is shear in the PC (polycarbonate) with associated rubber gel particle cavitation in the ABS. This cavitation means that there appears to be a direct relationship between gel particle rubber content in the ABS and toughness of the blend. The mechanism is the same whether the tensile stress is in the direction parallel or perpendicular to the injection-moulded orientation, with simply less total strain being reached before fracture in the weaker perpendicular direction. Crazing, although the precursor to final fracture, occurs after the predominant mechanism and contributes only a few per cent to the total plastic deformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00551868
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone attack on rubber vulcanizatesPaper presented to Division of Polymer Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Symposium on Degradative and Other Reactions of Polymer Molecules, New York, September 13-17, 1954. (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 19 (1956), S. 145-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Cracking on the surface of vulcanizates exposed to ozone under strain has been studied quantitatively. Butyl rubber vulcanizates were used to allow ready variation of polymer unsaturation. A relaxed sample under tension when exposed to ozone undergoes a work change manifested by increased length and decreased stress as cracking occurs. The change in work is considered related to generation of new surface in the form of cracks. Cracking is found to be primarily a surface phenomenon and in this wise permeation of the ozone into the sample assumes an important role in this phenomenon since it defines the “depth of the surface.” Polymer structure as it affects permeation appears as important as chemical inertness in controlling ozone cracking. The amount of cracking judged by change of work measured in these experiments is related linearly to the time squared. The rate of cracking is related linearly to ozone concentration squared over the range 0.03-0.20 volume per cent in air. The rate and type of cracking is dependent on extension. The analysis of this relation is complicated by relaxation effects. The state of relaxation of a sample under tension has a profound effect on the rate of ozone cracking. This effect is discussed in terms of distribution of strain of the network chains. Although cracking requires a stored energy to produce new surface, the chemical action of ozone proceeds in the absence of strain. Whether the effects of polymer degradation under conditions of zero strain become large enough to be measurable depends on the rate of permeation of ozonized air into the specimen.Vulcanization has an important bearing on ozone cracking in Butyl rubber. This is probably due to a significant decreases in the percentage of unreacted double bonds and also to a local densification of the network in the region of the double bond involved in a crosslink. Cracking is particularly sensitive to the onset of reversion. This sensitivity may arise because state of reversion may be a gradient, greatest on the surface and least at the center of the sample.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1956.120199115
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