Call number:
AWI A13-00-0258
;
PIK N 453-01-0477
In:
International geophysics series, 66
Type of Medium:
Monograph available for loan
Pages:
XXXVI, 940 Seiten
,
Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
,
24 cm
ISBN:
0124340687
Series Statement:
International geophysics series 66
URL:
http://scans.hebis.de/09/32/15/09321591_toc.pdf
Language:
English
Note:
Contents
List of Acronyms
List of Symbols
Foreword
Preface
Prologue
Chapter 1 Introduction to Ocean Dynamics
1.1 Types, Advantages, and Limitations of Ocean Models
1.2 Recent Examples
1.3 Governing Equations
1.4 Vorticity Conservation
1.5 Nondimensional Numbers and Scales of Motion
1.6 Geostrophic Flow and Thermal Wind
1.7 Inertial Motions
1.8 Ekman Layers
1.9 Sverdrup Transport
1.10 Western Boundary Intensification (Stommel Solution)
1.11 Gyre Scale Circulation (Munk Solution)
1.12 Barotropic Currents over Topography
1.13 Baroclinic Transport over Topography
1.14 Coastal Upwelling and Fronts
1.15 Mesoscale Eddies and Variability
1.16 Thermohaline Circulation and Box (Reservoir) Models
1.17 Numerical Models
Chapter 2 Introduction to Numerical Solutions
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Architecture
2.1.2 Computational Errors
2.2 Ordinary Differential Equations
2.2.1 Runge-Kutta Method
2.3 Partial.Differential Equations
2.3.1 Consistency, Convergence, and Stability
2.3.2 Elliptic, Hyperbolic, and Parabolic Systems
2.4 Elliptic Equations and Steady-State Problems
2.4.1 Direct Solvers
2.4.2 Iterative Solvers and Relaxation Methods
2.4.3 Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Method
2.4.4 Multigrid Methods
2.4.5 Pseudo-transient Method
2.5 Time Dependent Problems
2.5.1 Advection Equation and Hyperbolic Systems
2.5.2 Diffusion Equation and Parabolic Systems
2.6 Finite-Difference (Grid Point) Methods
2.6.1 Staggered Grids
2.6.2 Time Differencing and Filtering
2.6.3 Computational Grids
2.7 Spectral (Spectral Transform) Methods
2.8 Finite-Element Methods
2.8.1 Spectral Element Approach
2.9 Parameterization of Subgrid Scale Processes
2.10 Lateral Open Boundary Conditions
2.11 Computational Issues
2.12 Examples
2.12.1 Inertial Oscillations
2.12.2 Thermohaline Circulation
2.12.3 Normal Modes
2.12.4 Gyre Scale Circulation
2.12.5 Advection Problems
2.12.6 M.I.T. Nonhydrostatic Global Model
Chapter 3 Equatorial Dynamics and Reduced Gravity Models Solutions
3.1 Oceanic Dynamical Response to Forcing
3.2 Governing Equations
3.3 Equatorial Waves
3.3.1 Kelvin Waves
3.3.2 Yanai Waves
3.3.3 Rossby Waves
3.3.4 Inertia-Gravity (Poincare) Waves
3.4 Equatorial Currents
3.5 Reduced Gravity Model of Equatorial Processes
Chapter 4 Midlatitude Dynamics and Quasi-Geostrophic Models
4.1 Linear Motions
4.1.1 Inertia-Gravity (Sverdrup/Poincare) Waves
4.1.2 Kelvin Waves 298
4.1.3 Planetary Ross by Waves
4.1.4 Topographic Rossby Waves
4.2 Continuous Stratification
4.3 Geostrophic Adjustment and Instabilities
4.3.1 Geostrophic Adjustment
4.3.2 Instabilities
4.4 Spinup
4.5 Quasi-Geostrophic Models
4.5.1 Governing Equations
4.5.2 Applications
Chapter 5 High-Latitude Dynamics and Sea-Ice Models
5.1 Salient Features of Ice Cover
5.2 Momentum Equations for Sea Ice
5.3 Constitutive Law for Sea Ice (Ice Rheology)
5.3.1 Viscous-Plastic Ice Rheology
5.3.2 Elastic-Viscous-Plastic Ice Rheology
5.4 Continuity Equations for Sea Ice
5.5 Response of Sea Ice to Storm Passage
5.6 Numerics
5.6.1 Governing Equations in Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates
5.6.2 Solution Technique
Chapter 6 Tides and Tidal Modeling
6.1 Description of Tides
6.2 Formulation: Tidal Potential
6.3 Body, Load, Atmospheric, and Radiational Tides
6.3.1 Body (Solid Earth) Tides
6.3.2 Load Tides
6.3.3 Atmospheric Tides
6.3.4 Radiational Tides
6.4 Dynamical Theory of Tides: Laplace Tidal Equations
6.5 Equilibrium Theory of Tides
6.6 Tidal Analysis: Orthotides
6.7 Tidal Currents
6.8 Global Tidal Models
6.9 Regional Tidal Models
6.10 Geophysical Implications
6.10.1 Tidal Dissipation and LOD
6.10.2 Tidal Energetics
6.11 Changes in Earth's Rotation
6.12 Baroclinic (Internal) Tides
6.13 Long-Period Tides
6.14 Shallow Water Tides and Residual Currents
6.15 Summary
Chapter 7 Coastal Dynamics and Barotropic Models
7.1 Wind- and Buoyancy-Driven Currents
7.2 Tidal Motions
7.3 Continental Shelf Waves
7.4 Modeling Shelf Circulation
7.5 Barotropic Models
7.5.1 Coastal Ocean Response to Wind Forcing
7.5.2 Storm Surges and Storm Surge Modeling
7.5.3 Response to Pressure Forcing
Chapter 8 Data and Data Processing
8.1 In Situ Observational Data
8.1.1 XBT, CTD, CM, ADCP, and Drifter Data
8.1.2 Historical Hydrographic Data
8.1.3 Historical Marine Surface Data
8.2 Remotely Sensed Data
8.2.1 Sea Surface Temperature from IR Sensors
8.2.2 Sea Surface Winds from Microwave Sensors
8.2.3 Chlorophyll and Optical Clarity from Color Sensors
8.2.4 Sea Surface Height from Satellite Altimetry
8.3 NWP Products
8.4 Preprocessing of Observational Data and Postprocessing of Model Output
8.4.1 Graphics and Visualization of Model Output
8.4.2 Analyses
Chapter 9 Sigma-Coordinate Regional and Coastal Models
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Governing Equations
9.3 Vertical Mixing
9.4 Boundary Conditions
9.5 Mode Splitting
9.6 Numerics
9.6.1 Vertical Direction
9.6.2 Horizontal Direction
9.7 Numerical Problems
9.8 Applications
9.9 Code Structure
Chapter 10 Multilevel Basin Scale and Global Models
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Governing Equations
10.3 Isopycnal Diffusion
10.4 Architecture and Other Model Features
10.5 Applications
10.6 Hybrid s-Coordinate Models
10.7 Regional z-Level Models
Chapter 11 Layered and Isopycnal Models
11.1 Layered Models
11.2 Isopycnal Models
Chapter 12 Ice-Ocean Coupled Models
12.1 Sea-Ice Models
12.2 Coupled Ice-Ocean Models
Chapter 13 Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Models
13.1 Coupling between the Ocean and the Atmosphere
13.2 Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models
13.3 Regional Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models
Chapter 14 Data Assimilation and Nowcasts/ Forecasts
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Direct Insertion
14.3 Nudging
14.4 Statistical Assimilation Schemes
14.4.1 Kalman Filter
14.4.2 Reduced State Space Kalman Filters
14.4.3 Optimal Interpolation (OI) Scheme
14.5 Variational Methods
14.5.1 Adjoint Models
14.6 Predictability of Nonlinear Systems-Low Order Paradigms
14.7 Nowcasts/Forecasts in the Gulf of Mexico
Appendix A Equations of State
A.1 Equation of State for the Ocean
A.2 Equation of State for the Atmosphere
Appendix B Wavelet Transforms
B.1 Introduction
B.1.1 Theory
B.1.2 Continuous Wavelet Transforms (CWT)
B.1.3 Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT)
B.2 Examples
B.3 Wavelet Transforms and Stochastic Processes
B.4 Two-Dimensional Wavelet Transforms
B.5 Cross Wavelet Transforms (CrWT)
B.6 Error Analysis
Appendix C Empirical Orthogonal Functions and Empirical Normal Modes
C.1 Empirical Orthogonal Functions
C.1.1 Complex EOFs
C.1.2 Singular Spectrum Analysis
C.1.3 Extended EOFs
C.1.4 Coupled Pattern Analysis
C.2 Empirical Normal Modes
Appendix D Units and Constants
D.1 Useful Quantities
D.1.1 SI (International System of Units) Units and Conventions
D.1.2 Useful Conversion Factors
D.1.3 Useful Universal Constants
D.1.4 Useful Geodetic Constants
D.1.5 Useful Physical Constants
D.1.6 Useful Dynamical Quantities
D.2 Important Scales and Quantities
D.2.1 Length Scales
D.2.2 Timescales
D.2.3 Velocity Scales
D.2.4 Nondimensional Quantities
D.3 Useful Websites
References
Biographies
Index
Location:
AWI Reading room
Location:
A 18 - must be ordered
Branch Library:
AWI Library
Branch Library:
PIK Library
Permalink