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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geometric bias and time coincidence in 3-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter systems (1989)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 7 (1989), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The measurement by a 3-d laser Doppler velocimeter of a turbulent flow has been numerically simulated. Errors associated with the probe volume geometry and the coincidence time window concept are revealed. One type of error occurs for high system data rates when multiple particles lead to system realizations. Another error occurs associated with a geometric bias discovered in the present study. This 3-d Idv geometric bias exists even for single-particle realizations and regardless of the system data rate. A technique for the elimination of the geometric bias is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226593
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spacing Patterns in Mobile Animals (1970)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 1 (1970), S. 239-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.001323
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avian Communal Breeding Systems (1978)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 9 (1978), S. 123-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.09.110178.001011
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arsenic for antimony exchange on GaSb, its impacts on surface morphology, and interface structure (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 329-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We quantify the rates and total amounts of the arsenic for antimony exchange on both the Sb-terminated and Ga (or In)-terminated GaSb (001) surfaces using in situ real time line-of-sight mass spectrometry (LOS-MS) during molecular beam epitaxy. On the Sb-terminated GaSb (001) surface, an As for Sb exchange is observed to occur at all values of incident As2 flux considered. At high substrate temperature, three-dimensional (3D) nanometer-sized clusters from as a consequence of As/Sb exchange and lattice mismatch strain between GaAs and GaSb. The 3D clusters are found to have lateral dimensions of ∼10–30 nm and heights of 1–3 nm by atomic force microscopy (AFM). By contrast, at lower substrate temperatures a two-dimensional surface morphology is maintained, and AFM reveals an array of atomically flat terraces. On the surface terminated by one monolayer (ML) of Ga or In, there exists a critical As2 flux below which the As/Sb exchange is greatly diminished. The net amounts of Sb leaving the surface during one period of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice growth are measured in real time by LOS-MS and estimated to be in the range of 0–0.4 ML for the various conditions used. By supplying only an As2 beam to a GaSb surface covered by InAs, the Sb riding over the InAs layer is replaced by arsenic and the total amount of such Sb is measured. The amount of Sb riding on the InAs can be as large as 0.8 ML for the first 1 ML of InAs and it gradually decreases to zero as the number of InAs monolayer increases. X-ray diffraction data show that all the InAs/GaSb superlattices coherently match with the GaSb substrate in the growth plane. The average lattice constant along the growth direction reduces with decreasing Sb mole fraction shown by the increased Sb desorption signal. Using the information on As/Sb exchange and Sb riding on the InAs surface, we predict an average lattice constant along the growth direction to be consistent with the measured one to within 2×10−4. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370733
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast Skn7p activity is modulated by the Sln1p-Ypd1p osmosensor and contributes to regulation of the HOG pathway (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 259 (1998), S. 372-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Two-component system ; Osmotic adaptation ; HOG pathway ; Histidine kinase ; Response regulator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Activation and control of the yeast HOG (High Osmolarity Glycerol) MAP kinase cascade is accomplished, in part, by a two-component sensory-response circuit comprised of the osmosensing histidine protein kinase Sln1p, the phospho-relay protein Ypd1p, and the response regulator protein Ssk1p. We found that deletion of SLN1 and/or YPD1 reduces reporter gene transcription driven by a second two-component response regulator – Skn7p. The effect of sln1Δ and ypd1Δ mutations upon Skn7p activity is dependent on a functional two-component phosphorylation site (D427) in Skn7p, suggesting that Sln1p and Ypd1p may act as phosphodonors for Skn7p. We also observed that loss of PTC1 (a protein serine/threonine phosphatase implicated in negative control of the HOG pathway) in a skn7Δ background results in severely retarded growth and in morphological defects. Deletion of either PBS2 or HOG1 alleviates the slow growth phenotype of ptc1Δskn7Δ cells, suggesting that Skn7p may participate, in concert with known regulatory components, in modulating HOG pathway activity. The contribution of Skn7p to HOG pathway regulation appears to be modulated by the receiver domain, since non-phosphorylatable Skn7pD427N is unable to fully restore growth to ptc1/skn7 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050824
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive and genetic consequences of founding isolated lion populations (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 329 (1987), S. 328-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The lion (Panthera leo) is an attractive candidate for studying the interrelationship of genetics and reproduction. Lions have been studied extensively for centuries, and their numbers in Africa are vast (estimated as high as 200,000)8. The demography and behaviour of the lions in the Serengeti ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/329328a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parental facilitation: parent-offspring relations in communally breeding birds (1984)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 14 (1984), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A view of parent-offspring relations is developed that stresses an increased role for mutualism and tolerance rather than conflict in evolutionary trends toward sociality. For example, in Aphelocoma jays, parental tolerance of offspring increases from asocial to social species, contrary to what parental manipulation or parent-offspring conflict models have suggested. A simple model is presented in which parents can leave more grand-offspring while having fewer offspring through a mutualistic relationship between parent and offspring. Consistent with the model are the following observations: (1) At the extreme of sociality, in Mexican jays, A. ultramarina, both sexes commonly inherit their natal territory, thus retaining productive territories largely under control of genotypes that tolerate persistence of young in the territory. Sons and daughters may breed on their natal territory in the presence of their mothers and presumed fathers. (2) Jays banded as nestlings in the study area achieved higher reproductive success when breeding on their natal territory than those that moved to other territories. It is hypothesized that plural breeding can evolve as an extension of the trend leading to singular breeding via a non-altruistic reduction in the number of offspring per parent. The concept of parental facilitation may prove to be important for many highly social types of animals, including insects, birds and mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299620
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation among trait groups and apparent absence of close inbreeding in grey-crowned babblers (1980)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 7 (1980), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The grey-crowned babbler, Pomastostomus temporalis, is a non-migratory species with delayed breeding and prolonged association of young with siblings and parents. Since these conditions are conducive to incestuous matings, we have studied allozymic variation in a population in southeastern Queensland, to evaluate the possibility of close inbreeding. Eight of 20 loci tested were polymorphic, with an average proportion of heterozygous loci individual of 9.4%. No deficiency of heterozygotes was found, indicating the absence of detectable inbreeding. Some mechanism that prevents inbreeding seems to be present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299513
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological variation in a population of grey-crowned babblers: Correlations with variables affecting social behavior (1982)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 10 (1982), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Variation in weight, wing length and bill length in a population of grey-crowned babblers is influenced primarily by sex and age, but correlations with size of social unit, with reproductive success, and with vegetation are also detectable (Table 1). The latter correlations vary with sex, age, and status as helper or breeder. Differential wear according to behavioral role, competition for status, incubation, and inheritance are discussed as possible causal mechanisms. Helpers were not detectably smaller in any dimension than breeders of the same age and sex. Male and female non-breeding helpers differ in patterns of morphological correlation, suggesting that they have different behavioral roles. Breeding males have a unique pattern of morphological correlation, suggesting that their foraging behavior differs from breeding females and non-breeders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302818
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  • 10
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    Long-term trend toward earlier breeding in an American bird: A response to global warming? (1999)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-11
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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