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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 798-813 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new approach to the analysis of the internal phonons of tris(quinolin-8-olato) aluminum(III) is presented, which enlightens the role played by the ligands in determining the vibrational properties of the organometallic compound and evidences the importance of the contributions arising from the coupling terms among the three quinolinato fragments. An accurate exam of the normal modes of the meridianal isomer evidences the role of the interactions among the fragments in the vibrational dynamics of the ground state. Due to the special attention paid to the quinolinato fragments, a preliminary investigation on the vibrational properties of 8-hydroxyquinoline, taken as a model fragment, was also performed. The vibrational properties of the polymorph species β of the organometallic molecule were obtained refining the calculated frequencies, the dipole moment derivative matrix, and the polarizability derivative tensor derived by the hybrid density functional B3LYP/6-31G* comparing with the frequencies and intensities recorded by the infrared and the Raman spectroscopies performed on a polycrystalline sample. One thus obtains the most accurate intramolecular force constants up to date for the meridianal isomer in a crystalline phase. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 984-992 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The response of a mesoscopic layered structure to deformation normal to the layers is prevalently accepted to occur by an undulation instability, a model which was developed for and tested extensively in liquid-crystalline systems. This model has been applied to a layered block copolymer melt by theoretical considerations [Z.G. Wang, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 2298 (1994)] and extended to alternating glassy/rubbery layers by simulation and theory [D.J. Read et al., J. Phys. D. 32, 2087 (1999)]. In both cases, an undulation instability at extremely small strain is predicted. In this study we investigate the deformation mechanism of a lamellar block copolymer structure, stretched in the direction perpendicular to the layers, by simultaneous in situ measurements of sample stress and elongation and two dimensional small-angle x-ray scattering, at a strain resolution of 0.5%. Deformed microstructures were also observed ex-situ with scanning probe microscopy. A styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer of total molecular weight 82 000 g/mol containing 45% styrene, was used. Specimens were deformed at ambient conditions, where the system is characterized as alternating glassy/rubbery layers, at the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polystyrene (PS) where the system is viscoelastic/rubbery and well above the Tg of polystyrene where the system is viscous/rubbery. At ambient temperature, the constraints on the rubbery layers due to covalent bonding to the glassy layers at the interface, do not allow any significant dilation of the layer spacing. The results indicate that the yield point in the mechanical response does not correspond to a critical undulation instability. Rather, the low-strain behavior is dominated by tilting of layers in the vicinity of defects. Deformation of the block copolymer melt, above the Tg of PS, causes the layers to dilate affinely with the macroscopic elongation. The stability of dilated layers with respect to tilting is explained by a model which considers the dominating influence of interfacial tension. The undulation instability is observed only during deformation at about the Tg of PS, in which the system can be described as alternating viscoelastic/rubbery layers. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: The present book consists of two parts, thus embodying the “two forces” that Bakhtin sees at play in every work of art: form and content. They are accorded equal weight. With regard to form, the book explores the various literary strategies employed by Doderer in his “Divertimenti,” in as much as they are inspired by musical forms. With regard to content the book focuses on the rather gloomy subjects that dominate the “Divertimenti.” The aim is to explore in how far these two aspects, i.e. musical form – a superstructure informed by musical aesthetics – and melancholic content – an oppressive atmosphere, the explicit foregrounding of experiences of depression – depend on each other. The book shows how they form a compelling whole. It is based on a variety of unpublished primary sources that have not been studied before, including an early fragment of “Divertimento No VI” („Erwachen fröhlicher Empfindungen bei der Ankunft auf dem Lande“) as well as diary sketches and draft outlines of the composition of the work. The book is thus able to comprehensively explore the musical techniques and strategies of musical composition of the “Divertimenti.” This thorough formal analysis provides new insights into what Steven Paul Scher has called an area of “comparative liminality” – that area in which the conditions are negotiated under which musical techniques can be transferred into “literature.” The “Divertimenti” belong to the world of Saturn. By focusing on melancholy and depression – topics that resonate throughout the Divertimenti and provide the dark undertone of the author’s later works – the book offers a new reading of Doderer’s work; it brings to light depictions of “deperceptive” states. This requires a new explanation of Doderer’s own theory of “apperception” and “deperception,” and of “first” and “second reality.” It will be offered in light of Kristeva’s “dark sun.” The book explores depictions of melancholy in a broader context and considers potential links between literary and clinical manifestations of melancholy. In view of the intellectual milieu of contemporary Vienna, the present study shows how deeply indebted Doderer’s early works are to Viennese Modernism – a quality that has been obstructed by the fact that most of these works were only published after Doderer’s death. This presupposes an appreciation of the Wiener Moderne which goes beyond the time span suggested by Gotthart Wunberg’s 1981 anthology, “Die Wiener Moderne. Literatur, Kunst und Musik zwischen 1890 und 1910,” instead drawing inspiration from “Wien 1880-1938. Die fröhliche Apokalypse,” a 1986 exhibition at the Centre Pompidou in Paris which, according to Jacques Le Rider, epitomizes the study of Viennese Modernism. Doderer’s receptivity for the intellectual, theoretical, and artistic movements of the turn of the 20th century is shown to be more pronounced than previously assumed. While the ambition of Doderer’s works ultimately transcends Viennese Modernism, a close exploration of the central tenets of this period can highlight various aspects of his early works, especially his uncompromising will to (musical) form.
    Description: Meine Arbeit ist im Wesentlichen zweigeteilt. Jene „zwei Mächte“, als die Bachtin Form und Inhalt des künstlerischen Werks bezeichnet hat, koexistieren in ihr gleichberechtigt nebeneinander. Auf der einen, der formalen Seite, widmet sich meine Studie den spezifischen, durch die Formensprache der Musik inspirierten literarischen Verfahrensweisen der Dodererschen „Divertimenti“. Auf der anderen, der inhaltlichen Seite, befasst sich die Untersuchung mit den überwiegend dunkleren Tönen, die in den „Divertimenti“ angeschlagen werden. Das eigentliche Ziel meiner Arbeit ist es zu klären, inwiefern sich diese beiden Komplexe – musikalische Form (musikalisch ästhetisierte Superstruktur) und melancholischer Inhalt (depressiv getönte Stimmungslage, Thematisierung depressiver Erfahrungen) – wechselseitig bedingen, weshalb sie in den „Divertimenti“ eine derart unwiderstehliche Einheit bilden. Hierbei stützt sich meine Studie auf zahlreiche Materialien aus dem Nachlass, die in der Forschung bisher nicht beachtet wurden. Auf dieser neuen Text- und Materialgrundlage, die vor allem durch das Fragment zu „Divertimento No VI“ („Erwachen fröhlicher Empfindungen bei der Ankunft auf dem Lande“) sowie diaristische Notizen und Kompositionspläne aus dem Skizzenwerk substantiell erweitert wird, spürt die Arbeit den musikalischen Techniken und kompositorischen Strategien der „Divertimenti“ nach. Die auf den Nachlassfunden basierende formale Analyse gewährt tiefe Einblicke in jenes von Steven Paul Scher so bezeichnete „komparatistische Grenzgebiet“, in dem die Konditionen ausgehandelt werden, zu denen ‚literarische‘ Transfers von musikalischen Techniken möglich sind. Die „Divertimenti“ stehen ganz im Zeichen des Saturn. Indem meine Arbeit sich dem Thema Melancholie und Depression widmet, das nicht nur in den „Divertimenti“ ‚anklingt‘, sondern auch das spätere Schaffen des Autors dunkel grundiert, regt sie eine neue, auf die Schilderungen „deperzeptiver“ Zustände gerichtete Lesart des Dodererschen Werkes an. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es nötig, Doderers quasiphilosophische Spezialtheorie, die um die Begriffspaare „Apperzeption“ und „Deperzeption“ sowie „erste“ und „zweite Wirklichkeit“ kreist, sozusagen im Licht der „schwarzen Sonne“ (Julia Kristeva) neu zu betrachten. Auch gibt meine Arbeit einen Überblick darüber, wie sich die Erfahrung der Depression literarisch manifestiert, und sie weicht der Frage nicht aus, ob sich die textlichen Befunde mit der Klinik der Melancholie in Einklang bringen lassen. Bei allem stets das zeitgeistige intellektuelle Milieu Wiens im Blick habend, beabsichtigt meine Arbeit nebenbei zu zeigen, wie tief Doderers größtenteils erst postum veröffentlichtes Frühwerk in der Wiener Moderne verwurzelt ist. Hierbei wird allerdings ein Verständnis der Wiener Moderne vorausgesetzt, das zeitlich weiter reicht, als etwa der Titel der von Gotthart Wunberg 1981 herausgegebenen Anthologie „Die Wiener Moderne. Literatur, Kunst und Musik zwischen 1890 und 1910“ vermuten ließe. Als Anregung diente vielmehr die 1986 im Pariser Centre Pompidou organisierte Ausstellung „Wien 1880-1938. Die fröhliche Apokalypse“, die laut Jacques Le Rider den vorläufigen Höhepunkt der Diskussion um die Wiener Moderne markierte. Doderers große Offenheit für die intellektuellen, wissenschaftlichen und künstlerischen Strömungen der Jahrhundertwende wird in meiner Arbeit in einem bisher nicht gekannten Umfang bloßgelegt. Der Autor geht nicht in allem in der Wiener Moderne auf. Doch werden viele Aspekte seiner frühen literarischen Anstalten, nicht zuletzt der unbedingte Wille zur (in erster Linie musikalischen) Form, vor diesem Hintergrund verständlicher.
    Keywords: Heimito von Doderer ; Contemporary German Literature ; Wiener Moderne (1880-1938) ; Literary Melancholy ; Comparative Literatur ; Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism ; Depression ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music
    Language: German
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-01-19
    Description: Classical hydrodynamic models predict that infinite work is required to move a three-phase contact line, defined here as the line where a liquid/vapor interface intersects a solid surface. Assuming a slip boundary condition, in which the liquid slides against the solid, such an unphysical prediction is avoided. In this article, we present the results of experiments in which a contact line moves and where slip is a dominating and controllable factor. Spherical cap-shaped polystyrene microdroplets, with nonequilibrium contact angle, are placed on solid self-assembled monolayer coatings from which they dewet. The relaxation is monitored using in situ atomic force microscopy. We find that slip has a strong influence on the droplet evolutions, both on the transient nonspherical shapes and contact line dynamics. The observations are in agreement with scaling analysis and boundary element numerical integration of the governing Stokes equations, including a Navier slip boundary condition.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-21
    Description: Multiphase flows in porous media are important in many natural and industrial processes. Pore-scale models for multiphase flows have seen rapid development in recent years and are becoming increasingly useful as predictive tools in both academic and industrial applications. However, quantitative comparisons between different pore-scale models, and between these models and experimental data, are lacking. Here, we perform an objective comparison of a variety of state-of-the-art pore-scale models, including lattice Boltzmann, stochastic rotation dynamics, volume-of-fluid, level-set, phase-field, and pore-network models. As the basis for this comparison, we use a dataset from recent microfluidic experiments with precisely controlled pore geometry and wettability conditions, which offers an unprecedented benchmarking opportunity. We compare the results of the 14 participating teams both qualitatively and quantitatively using several standard metrics, such as fractal dimension, finger width, and displacement efficiency. We find that no single method excels across all conditions and that thin films and corner flow present substantial modeling and computational challenges.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2002-10-15
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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